Facial synthesis of a novel Ag4V2O7/g-C3N4 heterostructure with highly efficient photoactivity

A novel Ag₄V₂O₇/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure was synthesized by a facial etching method in ammonia solution using Ag₂VO₂PO₄/g-C₃N₄ as a self-sacrifice precursor. With the concentration of ammonia solution increasing from 0.05 to 0.2 M, phase transformation took place, described as: Ag₂VO₂PO₄/g-C₃N₄ → Ag₂VO₂PO₄/Ag₄V₂O₇/g-C₃N₄ → Ag₄V₂O₇/g-C₃N₄. Compared with pristine Ag₂VO₂PO₄/g-C₃N₄, the etched samples of Ag₄V₂O₇/g-C₃N₄ and Ag₂VO₂PO₄/Ag₄V₂O₇/g-C₃N₄ exhibited dramatically improved activity for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO) and imidacloprid under visible light irradiation. When etched with 0.15 M ammonia solution, an Ag₄V₂O₇/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure was obtained that exhibited the highest photoactivity. This photocatalyst was nearly 9.1, 3.0, and 24.3 times more efficient than pristine Ag₂VO₂PO₄/g-C₃N₄ for degradation of MB, MO and imidacloprid, respectively. The excellent photocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the as-obtained well-defined Ag₄V₂O₇/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction, which improves the separation and transfer efficiency and prolongs the lifetime of photoinduced charges. In addition, the stability and dominant radicals were investigated.     

Synthesis and characterization of CeO2/Bi2O3/gC3N4 ternary Z-scheme nanocomposite

An effective and facile phytogenic method was used to prepare CeO₂/Bi₂O₃ and CeO₂/Bi₂O₃/gC₃N₄ composites using Eichhornia crassipes phytoextract. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using techniques such as XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS, PL, SEM-EDAX, XPS, zeta potential, and TGA. These catalysts showed diverse photocatalytic and optical properties due to the alteration in the bandgap. The synthesized composites exhibited good photocatalytic activity by degrading Malachite green (MG) dye. The increase in the photocatalytic activity could be attributed to the p-n heterojunction of the catalysts with efficient charge separation and strong oxidative ability. The modified photocatalysts showed excellent catalytic activity and reusability under visible light. The superior efficiency and its applications in environmental remediation make these catalysts a potential candidate for photocatalysis.     

CdS nanoparticles decorated hexagonal Fe2O3 nanosheets with a Z-scheme photogenerated electron transfer path for improved visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production

Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production (H₂) is one of the main potential applications of photocatalytic technology, which can use solar energy as the energy required for chemical reactions to alleviate the energy crisis. In this work, zero-dimensional/two-dimensional (0D/2D) contact surface CdS/α-Fe₂O₃ (CF) heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized via a simple solvothermal method. Photocatalytic hydrogen production experiments revealed that the CF-15 sample shows the optimal photocatalytic H₂ rate (1806 (μmol·h^-1·g^-1)) and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE = 13.7% at λ = 420 nm). The enhancement of photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the contact of 0D/2D interface and the synergistic effect of Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism. This work provides an effective way for modified composite semiconductor photocatalyst by constructing special interface heterojunction to achieve highly efficiently catalysis.     

Dual Z-scheme heterojunction g-C3N4/Ag3PO4/AgBr photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

Recently, there has been a significant interest in developing high-performance photocatalysts for removing organic pollutants from water environment. Herein, a ternary graphitic C₃N₄ (g-C₃N₄)/Ag₃PO₄/AgBr composite photocatalyst is synthesized using an in-situ precipitation-anion-exchange process and characterized by several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. During the photocatalytic reaction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly illustrated the formation of metallic Ag on the g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄/AgBr composite surface. The ternary composite photocatalyst demonstrated an increased photoactivity under visible light (>420 nm), achieving a complete decolorization of methyl orange (MO) in 5 min. The ternary g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄/AgBr hybrid was also applied to the 2-chlorophenol degradation under visible light, further confirming its excellent photocatalytic activity. In addition, quenching experiments revealed that holes (h⁺) and O₂^?– were the major attack species in the decolorization of MO. The enhanced photoactivity of g-C₃N₄/Ag₃PO₄/AgBr results from the efficient transfer/separation of photoinduced charges with the dual Z-scheme pathway and the charge recombination sites on the formed Ag particles.     

Z型Ag2CO3/BiOCl异质结光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化机理分析

通过溶剂热法制备BiOCl纳米片,共沉淀法制备Ag2 CO3和复合催化剂Ag2 CO3/BiOCl,研究各材料可见光催化降解罗丹明B的效果,确定Ag2 CO3与BiOCl的最佳配比,并通过表征分析复合材料的结构和异质结光催化降解机理.结果表明,当Ag2 CO3与BiOCl的质量比为50％时,Ag2 CO3/BiOCl异...     

Z-scheme AgSCN/Ag3PO4/C3N4 heterojunction with excellent photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen

To develop a novel photocatalyst with high catalytic performance under sunlight, AgSCN/Ag₃PO₄/C₃N₄ heterojunction photocatalyst with Z-mechanism has been prepared, which demonstrates excellent photocatalytic performance for ibuprofen degradation. The catalytic activity of AgSCN/Ag₃PO₄/C₃N₄ is 1.5 and 3.3 times that of AgSCN/Ag₃PO₄ and Ag₃PO₄, respectively. The cyclic degradation number of AgSCN/Ag₃PO₄/C₃N₄ increases to seven because of the protection of AgSCN and C₃N₄ to Ag₃PO₄. The excellent photocatalytic performance of the AgSCN/Ag₃PO₄/C₃N₄ is attributed from the Z-mechanism with efficient separation efficiency of electron hole pair.     

Co3O4-Bi2O2CO3催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

以Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O、Co(CH₃COO)₂·4H₂O为原料,采用化学沉淀-水热法制备了Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃异质结构复合半导体光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）、荧光光谱（PL）等手段对所合成的复合型催化剂进行了理化性能表征。研究结果表明：引入Co₃O₄没有改变Bi₂O₂CO₃物相结构,但促进了Bi₂O₂CO₃ 对可见光的吸收能力,提高了Bi₂O₂CO₃表面吸附氧物种的数量,抑制了光生载流子复合。复合光催化剂对罗丹明B（RhB）的光催化脱色实验显示引入Co₃O₄能够明显提高Bi₂O₂CO₃催化剂的光催化脱色能力。尤其是Co₃O₄引入量为0.6%的Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃样品对罗丹明B染料的光催化脱色率可达到97%（模拟日光照射30min）。本文为复合型光催化剂制备提供了简单易行的技术路线,制备的新型半导体复合光催化剂Co₃O₄-Bi₂O₂CO₃在环境净化方面表现出了较好的应用前景。     

等离子体辅助快速合成磁性Fe3O4/NaA复合材料及其CO2吸附性能

吸附法是捕集分离CO₂等温室气体的重要方法,磁性复合材料能实现气固相快速分离而备受关注。本文利用介质阻挡放电等离子体处理方法,分别对磁性Fe₃O₄和分子筛前体进行处理,再通过水热法快速制备了Fe₃O₄/NaA复合材料。利用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和元素扫描等技术进行了表征,并考察了复合材料中Fe₃O₄/NaA含量比对CO₂吸附性能和磁性能的影响。结果显示,当Fe₃O₄的质量分数为23.2％时,Fe₃O₄/NaA复合材料既具有优异CO₂吸附能力（2.10mmol/g）,又具有较好的磁性（25.92emu/g）,同时CO₂吸附-脱附循环稳定性高,是一种新型磁性CO₂吸附剂。在采用流化床吸附捕集CO₂技术中,有望实现气固高效磁分离。     

K_2CO_3/Al_2O_3催化丙醛缩合制备2-甲基-2-戊烯醛

制备了K2CO3/Al2O3固体碱催化剂,并将其用于催化丙醛缩合合成2-甲基-2-戊烯醛。当反应温度为85℃,反应时间1 h,溶剂乙醇10 mL,丙醛用量9.4 mL,催化剂用量为1.0 g时,2-甲基-2-戊烯醛的产率可达71.2%。固体K2CO3不具备催化性能。     

负载型K2CO3/Al2O3二氧化碳吸收剂的碳酸化反应特性

引言 全球变暖已经成为一个备受关注的环境问题.据预测,如不采取积极的温室气体减排措施,从现在起到2100年,全球近地面平均气温将继续升高1.4～5.8℃[1].CO2是主要的温室气体,而我国燃煤电厂是CO2排放量最大、最集中的化石燃料燃烧场所.因此研究和开发适用于燃煤电厂的CO2减排技术至关重要.     

固体碱K2CO3/Al2O3催化酯交换法合成乙二醇甲醚乙酸酯

以固体碱K2CO3/Al2O3为催化剂,催化乙酸乙酯和乙二醇甲醚酯交换合成了乙二醇甲醚乙酸酯。考察了反应物摩尔比,催化剂用量,反应时间,催化剂重复使用等因素对反应的影响,结果表明:当n(乙酸乙酯)∶n(乙二醇甲醚)=4∶1,K2CO3/Al2O3用量为总反应物质量的1.0%,反应4.5h时,乙二醇甲醚的转化率为98.8%,选择性为100%;催化剂重复使用5次后,乙二醇甲醚的转化率仅下降3.7%。     

SDBS辅助合成Y2O3/Ag3VO4光催化剂及其催化可见光降解罗丹明B

以V2O5, AgNO3和Y(NO3)3×6H2O为原料、十二烷基苯磺酸钠为辅助剂,采用直接沉淀法和浸渍法制备单斜晶相Ag3VO4和Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合催化剂,表征了产物的结构和形貌,并分析了其形成机理;在可见光下研究了其催化可见光降解罗丹明B(RhB)的性能. 结果表明,所得Y2O3/Ag3VO4复合催化剂吸收边相对纯相Ag3VO4发生红移,禁带宽度减小至1.83 eV,电子-空穴对复合几率降低,对RhB有较好的可见光催化活性和稳定性,可见光照射15 min后,0.08 g 3% Y2O3/Ag3VO4催化200 mL 8 mg/L RhB溶液的降解率达94.2%.     

g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Ag3PO4复合材料制备及其可见光催化性能

以三聚氰胺、二水合钼酸钠和五水合硝酸铋为原料,采用溶剂热法制备了g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6前驱体,然后通过共沉淀法将Ag3PO4纳米粒子负载在前驱体上,得到g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Ag3PO4复合材料。通过XRD、FTIR、XPS、SEM、UV-Vis DRS等对复合材料进行表征。结果表明,g-C3N4、Bi2MoO6和Ag3PO4之间形成了异质结结构,促进光生电子-空穴对的有效分离。以盐酸四环素（TC）为目标降解物,分析材料的光催化活性。在可见光照射下,30 mg g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Ag3PO4在50 min内对40 mL 10 mg/L的TC溶液的降解率达到93%。降解速率常数为0.033 min-1,分别是g-C3N4、Bi2MoO6和Ag3PO4降解速率常数的33倍、3.6倍和1.5倍;g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Ag3PO4对TC进行降解,循环利用4次后,对TC的降解率为71%,说明g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Ag3PO4具有较好的稳定性。自由基捕获实验结果表明,g-C3N4/Bi2MoO6/Ag3PO4光催化降解TC的主要活性物种为·OH和·O2-。最后提出了TC可能的降解机理和降解路径。     

纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化合成尼泊金酸丁酯

以纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3为催化剂,催化尼泊金酸与正丁醇的酯化反应,合成尼泊金酸丁酯.较适宜的反应条件为:尼泊金酸25 mmol,n(尼泊金酸):n(正丁醇)=1:4,催化剂加入量为反应物总质量的2%,甲苯5 mL,温度(122～124)℃,反应4 h,酯化率达92.4%.     

SO2-4/La2O3-ZrO2催化合成亚油酸乙酯

将SO2-4/ZrO2负载镧制备了新型催化剂SO2-4/La2O3-ZrO2,以亚油酸和乙醇的酯化反应为探针,考察了不同制备条件对催化剂性能的影响,结果表明,La3+浸渍浓度为0.07 mol/L,经110℃烘干后于500℃焙烧3 h所得催化剂活性最好.采用正交实验法对影响酯化反应的因素进行考察,最佳实验条件为n(醇):n(酸)= 6:1,反应时间6 h,催化剂用量3%(亚油酸),酯化率可达93.7%.且该催化剂具有良好的重复使用和再生能力.     

负载型K2CO3/Al2O3吸收剂吸收CO2反应机理

利用热重分析仪、扫描电镜和氮吸附仪对不同粒径的K₂CO₃颗粒和负载型K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃二氧化碳吸收剂的碳酸化特性进行研究。负载后的吸收剂比表面积和孔隙结构得到较大改善,使得碳酸化反应速率和转化率均提高,吸收剂碳酸化特性得到改善。纯K₂CO₃颗粒吸收剂的反应速率和转化率随着粒径的增加而减小,负载型吸收剂的反应速率和转化率随着粒径的增加略增大。研究了不同粒径和反应时间对K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃颗粒微观结构的影响,结果表明K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃颗粒具有较稳定的微观结构。采用负载型粒子模型对K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸收剂吸收CO₂碳酸化过程进行研究,所建立的粒子模型计算结果与试验值吻合较好。利用建立的模型对不同CO₂浓度下K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃吸收剂碳酸化反应特性进行模拟计算,模拟结果具备一定的合理性和准确性,为开展进一步研究提供了基础。     

TiO2掺杂对Na2CO3/Al2O3吸收剂CO2捕捉性能的影响

钠基固体吸收剂脱除燃煤烟气CO₂技术具有反应温度低、能耗低等优点,日益受到学术界的关注。该技术的主要不足是吸收剂的活性成分碳酸钠与CO₂的反应（碳酸化反应）活性较低。针对这一问题,本文旨在研制一种新型改性钠基固体吸收剂,采用活性氧化铝作为载体、TiO₂作为掺杂剂进行改性,利用热重分析装置、XRD、SEM和氮吸附仪研究钠基固体吸收剂的CO₂捕捉性能。结果表明：掺杂TiO₂后,钠基固体吸收剂与CO₂的反应速率加快,CO₂捕捉量增加;反应前后除TiO₂外无其他含Ti化合物生成;碳酸化反应产物为NaHCO₃和Na₅H₃（CO₃）₄;然而TiO₂掺杂过多会堵塞吸收剂的微观孔道,不利于甚至阻碍碳酸化反应的进行,因此,TiO₂的掺杂量应控制在一定的范围内。     

纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化合成正丁酸异戊酯的研究

采用纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3为催化剂,以正丁酸和异戊醇为原料,催化合成正丁酸异戊酯.较适宜反应条件为:正丁酸150 mmol,n(酸):n(醇)=1:1.2,催化剂300 mg(占反应物总量1%),于150～160 ℃回流反应3 h,产率达96.30%.     

MgO/La2O2CO3催化剂上的低温甲烷氧化偶联

共沉淀法制备的MgO/La2O2CO3催化剂使甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)在炉温460℃时开始反应,且使反应在50℃炉温下至少24 h。助剂Ni的加入降低了起始和最低反应温度,使催化剂在380℃的炉温下开始反应,之后在无热源的情况下可使反应至少24 h。助剂Zn的加入提高了反应活性,使C2的选择性提高了6%,但同时对低温反应不利,反应在炉温100℃下6 h后自动停止。OCM体系中的强放热反应为OCM温和反应提供了热源。催化剂中的La2O2CO3是维持低温甲烷氧化偶联反应的关键H活性组分。     

3D/2D ZnIn2S4/BiFeO3 as S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for boosted visible-light hydrogen evolution

Photocatalytic H₂ evolution technique has been proved to be one of the promising approaches to overcome the present energy and environmental issues caused by the combustion of fossil fuel. Constructing heterojunction can realize the efficient separation and migration of charges and thus achieve enhanced H₂ evolution performance. Herein, we designed and prepared a ZnIn₂S₄/BiFeO₃ heterojunction photocatalyst with a 3D/2D structure via an ultrasonic self-assembly process. The typical 3D/2D structure with intimate interface was obtained, which not only provided more active sites but also boosted the migration of photogenerated charges. The optimal mass ratio of BiFeO₃ in ZnIn₂S₄/BiFeO₃ was determined to be 10%, and a 10.5-fold increase in H₂ evolution rate in comparison with of pure ZnIn₂S₄ was achieved. Furthermore, the ZnIn₂S₄/BiFeO₃ composite exhibited excellent recyclability and structural stability based on cycling experiment. A S-scheme heterojunction mechanism was revealed according to the experimental results of photocatalytic H₂ evolution and electrochemical tests.