感应电机矢量控制系统的神经网络转速辨识

为解决感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统的转速辨识问题,在给定的无速度传感器感应电机间接矢量控制系统中,根据感应电机的数学模型,经过一定的变换,利用电机易于检测到的定子电压和电流,以及基于BP算法的两层神经网络,用期望状态与实际状态之间的偏差来调整神经网络模型的权值,达到实时辨识电机转速的目的。该方法简单、直观,不仅利用了神经网络的优点,又能适应感应电机调速系统实时控制的要求。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Brandt-Lin神经网络算法改进及应用于直流拖动

随着电力电子技术,微电子技术和新型电机控制理论的快速发展,无刷直流电动机(BLDCM)得以迅速推广。BLDCM不仅保持了直流电动机的动静态调速性能,而且避免了有刷结构带来的固有缺陷,具有体积小、效率高、控制简单等优点。无刷直流调速系统快速性、稳定性和鲁棒性的好坏成为决定电机性能的重要指标。介绍一种将神经网络控制方法应用于一个要求更快更精确的BLDCM控制系统以提高动态响应和鲁棒性。神经网络自适应控制算法的使用,使得参数整定无需繁琐的手动过程,能够根据系统工况变化自动辨识被控参数、自动整定控制器参数,便于显著提高控制精度,减少调节时间,使控制过程具有较高的控制品质。神经网络自适应控制算法采用Brandt-Lin算法,并且对激活函数、学习速率做了一些改进,提高了控制速度及精度。在此算法中还加入了一个非线性函数提高了此神经网络的在高阶系统中的适应性。     

Sensorless direct torque control of an induction motor by a TLS-based MRAS observer with adaptive integration

This article presents a new speed and flux estimation algorithm for high-performance direct torque control (DTC) induction motor drives based on model reference adaptive systems (MRAS) observers using linear artificial neural networks (ANNs). Two completely new improvements of MRAS speed and flux observers are presented here: the first is a solution to the open-loop integration problem in the reference model, based on the voltage model of the induction machine, by means of a new adaptive neural integrator, the second is the employment of a new adaptation law in the ANN adaptive model, based on the total least-squares (TLS) technique. In particular, the adaptive neural integrator is based on two adaptive noise filters which completely cancel any DC drift present in the voltage or current signals to be integrated. This neural integrator does not need any a priori training of its two only neurons, adapting itself on-line. With regard to the ANN-based adaptive model, since the most suitable least-square technique to be used for training is the TLS technique, here the neuron is trained on-line by means of a TLS EXIN algorithm which is the only neural network able to solve a TLS problem recursively. Also the TLS EXIN algorithm does not require any a priori training, since it adapts itself recursively on-line. Moreover, to improve the dynamical performances of the speed loop of the drive, the adaptive model has been used as predictor, i.e. without any feed-back between its outputs and its inputs. The sensorless algorithm has been verified experimentally both on the classic DTC technique and on the DTC-SVM (space vector modulation), by adopting a proper test set-up. The speed observer has been tested in the most challenging operating conditions. The experimental results show that the dynamical performances of the sensorless drive are comparable or even better than those obtained with the corresponding DTC drives with encoders as for the medium to high-speed ranges. As for low-speed ranges, the presented sensorless DTC algorithm outcomes the performance presented in the literature for MRAS systems, thus permitting to have an accurate estimation equal or better than that obtainable with more complex observers. Finally, experimental results show that the MRAS speed observer is robust to load torque perturbations and permits zero-speed operation at no-load conditions.     

基于FIR神经网络的风电场虚拟风速传感器

风电机组风速传感器易发故障,故障可能导致机组安全风险和发电量损失。针对现行的故障处理方法因与机组控制策略紧密耦合而日益面临挑战,提出了一种基于数据处理的虚拟风速传感器原理与方法：由风电场上风向测量风速计算下风向推算风速,用推算风速取代故障传感器。着重讨论了基于FIR神经网络的推算风速计算方法和计算模型,探讨了系统实现的关键技术。实验证明了虚拟传感器的误差在机组控制系统可接受的程度内。提出的方法独立于机组自身属性,具有普遍适用性,可部署在任意类型的场,在物理传感器故障时向机组提供风速信号,支撑风电机组持续安全运行。     

基于启发知识的神经网络训练策略

基于对目前神经网络存在问题的具体分析,认为将启发性信息引入神经网络训练将是提高网络学习能力＼质量以及效率的重要途径。进而讨论了启发知识的来源与种类,将启发性知识分成诱导性约束和强制性约束两类,进而建立了引入网络训练的相应策略,给出了启发性知识引入与选择的具体原则,并建立了两种基于导数关系的启发知识模型。最后建立了神经网络的具体训练算法。具体应用结果证明了所提出策略与方法的有效性。     

Predictive models for emission of hydrogen powered car using various artificial intelligent tools

This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligent models as virtual sensors to predict relevant emissions such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen for a hydrogen powered car. The virtual sensors are developed by means of application of various Artificial Intelligent (AI) models namely; AI software built at the University of Tasmania, back-propagation neural networks with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems. These predictions are based on the study of qualitative and quantitative effects of engine process parameters such as mass airflow, engine speed, air-to-fuel ratio, exhaust gas temperature and engine power on the harmful exhaust gas emissions. All AI models show good predictive capability in estimating the emissions. However, excellent accuracy is achieved when using back-propagation neural networks with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm in estimating emissions for various hydrogen engine operating conditions with the predicted values less than 6% of percentage average root mean square error.     

基于遗传神经网络的自适应PID控制器的设计

提出了一种基于遗传算法和神经网络的自适应PID控制器的设计方法。该控制器主要由三个部分组成:利用遗传算法优化PID参数,和RBF神经网络结合,对被控对象逼近,搜索出一组准优的初始参数;RBF神经网络完成对被控对象Jacobian信息辨识;基于单神经元的自适应PID控制器,在线调整PID参数,以确保系统的响应具有最优的动态和稳态性能。仿真结果表明,控制器具有响应速度快,稳态精度高等特点,可用于控制不同的对象和过程。     

二进离散小波神经网络在传感器逆向建模中的应用

给出了快速收敛的离散二进小波神经网络的初始化,构造和权值确定的详细方法。并将这类小波神经网络应用于传感器的非线性校正,并给出了仿真实验结果。相对使用随机贪心算法训练的神经网络,快速收敛小波神经网络利用离散二进小波变换的便利,采用启发式的构造算法;具有构造过程复杂度低,构造完成后高度接近目标模型,训练次数少,并可有效避免陷入局部极小点的优点。有效解决了小波神经网络尺度和平移系数在训练时需对小波函数进行求导而影响网络收敛速度的问题。     

用自联想神经网络处理发动机测量参数

自联想神经网络(AANN)采用了一种带有瓶颈层的特殊结构，且具有单位总增益。在经过大量带噪声样本的训练之后，各变量之间能够建立起内在联系。输入信息通过瓶颈层前的压缩及瓶颈层后的解压缩过程，信息中的精华将被提取，从而使人们能够利用冗余信息抑制其测量噪声。在基于发动机测量参数的故障诊断过程中，应用自联想神经网络作为滤波器对测量参数进行预处理，可以大大提高故障诊断的准确率。     

基于Petri模糊神经网络磁通观测器的感应电动机无速度传感器控制

利用Petri模糊神经网络构造电流观测器,基于电流观测值构造感应电动机的转子磁通观测器,根据磁通观测值进行电动机转子速度的计算.基于一种新颖的感应电动机解耦模型,设计了感应电动机的滑模反推控制器,并给出了Petri模糊神经网络的收敛性证明.通过MATLAB仿真验证了系统设计的有效性.     

Neurocomputing hardware: present and future

This paper discusses the current state of the art of industrial neurocomputing, and then speculates on its future.Three examples of commercial neuro-silicon are presented: the Adaptive Solutions CNAPS system, the Intel ETANN chip, and the Synaptics OCR chip.We then speculate on where commercial neurocomputing hardware is going. In particular we propose that commercial systems will evolve in the direction of capturing more contextual, knowledge level information. Some results of an industrial handwritten character recognition system created at Apple Computers will be presented which demonstrate the power of adding contextual knowledge to neural network based recognition. Also discussed will be some of the possible directions required for neural network algorithms needed to capture such knowledge and utilize it effectively, as well as results from experiments on capturing contextual knowledge using several different neural network algorithms.Finally, the issues involved in designing VLSI architectures for the efficient emulation of sparsely activated, sparsely connected contextual networks will be discussed. There are fundamental cost/performance limits when emulating such sparse structures in both the digital and analog domain.     

Adaptive Lyapunov-based neural network sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous machines

In this paper, an adaptive neural network sensorless control scheme is introduced for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). The control strategy consists of an adaptive speed controller that capitalizes on the machine’s inverse model to achieve accurate tracking, two artificial neural networks (ANNs) for currents control, and an ANN-based observer for speed estimation to overcome the drawback associated with the use of mechanical sensors while the rotor position is obtained by the estimated rotor speed direct integration to reduce the effect of the system noise. A Lyapunov stability-based ANN learning technique is also proposed to insure the ANNs’ convergence and stability. Unlike other sensorless control strategies, no a priori offline training, weights initialization, voltage transducer, or mechanical parameters knowledge is required. Results for different situations highlight the performance of the proposed controller in transient, steady-state, and standstill conditions.     

Artificial neural network based robot control: An overview

The current thrust of research in robotics is to build robots which can operate in dynamic and/or partially known environments. The ability of learning endows the robot with a form of autonomous intelligence to handle such situations. This paper focuses on the intersection of the fields of robot control and learning methods as represented by artificial neural networks. An in-depth overview of the application of neural networks to the problem of robot control is presented. Some typical neural network architectures are discussed first. The important issues involved in the study of robotics are then highlighted. This paper concentrates on the neural network applications to the motion control of robots involved in both non-contact and contact tasks. The current state of research in this area is surveyed and the strengths and weakness of the present approaches are emphasized. The paper concludes by indentifying areas which need future research work.     

基于二阶滑模控制的变速双馈风力发电系统最大功率点跟踪

本文提出一种超螺旋二阶滑模控制方案同时实现双馈变速风力发电系统最大风能捕获和无功功率调节.通过设计两个二阶滑模控制器,实现控制目标,降低机械磨损,提高控制精度,通过调节发电机转子电压,跟踪风机最优转速和转子电流设定值,实现额定风速以下的最大风能捕获和无功功率调节.采用二次型李雅普诺夫函数确定控制参数范围、确保系统有限时间稳定性.1.5 MW风机系统仿真实验验证所提方案有效性.     

Parametric identification of robotic systems with stable time-varying Hopfield networks

In this work, a novel method for on-line identification of non-linear systems is proposed based upon the optimisation methodology with Hopfield neural networks. The original Hopfield model is adapted so that the weights of the resulting network are time-varying. A rigorous analytical study proves that, under mild assumptions, the estimations provided by the method converge to the actual parameter values in the case of constant parameters, or to a bounded neighbourhood of the parameters when these are time-varying. Time-varying parameters, often appearing in mechanical systems, are dealt with by the neural estimator in a more natural way than by least squares techniques. Both sudden and slow continuous variations are considered. Besides, in contrast to the gradient method, the neural estimator does not critically depend on the adjustment of the gain. The proposed method is applied to the identification of a robotic system with a flexible link. A reduced output prediction error and an accurate estimation of parameters are observed in simulation results.This is a considerably extended version of a paper presented at the conference on Engineering Applications of Neural Networks (EANN), held in September 2003 at Málaga, Spain.     

Incorporating Prior Knowledge in the Form of Production Rules into Neural Networks Using Boolean-Like Neurons

At present, nearly all neural networks are formulated by learning only from examples or patterns. For a real-word problem, some forms of prior knowledge in a non-example form always exist. Incorporation of prior knowledge will benefit the formulation of neural networks. Prior knowledge could be in several forms. Production rule is one form in which the prior knowledge is frequently represented. This paper proposes an approach to incorporate production rules into neural networks. A newly defined neuron architecture, Boolean-like neuron, is proposed. With this Boolean-like neuron, production rules can be encoded into the neural network during the network initialization period. Experiments are described in this paper. The results show that the incorporation of this prior knowledge can not only increase the training speed, but also the explainability of the neural networks.     

多层前向小世界神经网络及其函数逼近

借鉴复杂网络的研究成果, 探讨一种在结构上处于规则和随机连接型神经网络之间的网络模型—-多层前向小世界神经网络. 首先对多层前向规则神经网络中的连接依重连概率p进行重连, 构建新的网络模型, 对其特征参数的分析表明, 当0 < p < 1时, 该网络在聚类系数上不同于Watts-Strogatz 模型; 其次用六元组模型对网络进行描述; 最后, 将不同p值下的小世界神经网络用于函数逼近, 仿真结果表明, 当p = 0:1时, 网络具有最优的逼近性能, 收敛性能对比试验也表明, 此时网络在收敛性能、逼近速度等指标上要优于同规模的规则网络和随机网络.     

基于RBF神经网络的电机故障诊断的研究

在对国内外感应电动机故障诊断技术发展与研究的基础上,提出了从定子电流人手,利用径向基（RBF）神经网络算法来监测感应电动机工作状态,从而实现对电动机较为常见的电气故障和机械故障的综合检测。Matlab仿真结果表明RBF算法有效地实现了对电机故障诊断的研究。     

一种基于正交基神经网络算法的传感器误差补偿方法

为了提高传感器的误差补偿精度,提出了一种基于正交基神经网络算法的传感器误差补偿方法.研究了神经网络算法的收敛性,为学习率的选择提供了理论依据.为了验证算法的有效性,给出了传感器误差补偿实例.研究结果表明,基于正交基神经网络算法的传感器误差补偿方法具有高的误差补偿精度,因而是一种有效的误差补偿方法.     

基于神经网络自抗扰控制的结晶器液位拉速协调系统研究

结晶器内钢水液位和铸坯拉速机理上是耦合关系. 为能控制更合理的钢水节奏, 提出了不同于现在各自单变量控制的液位和拉速综合控制方法. 通过实际对象, 从机理角度推出模型, 然后基于神经网络整定的自抗扰控制 (ADRC) 算法, 对结晶器液位拉速协调控制系统进行仿真试验. 仿真结果和现场曲线对该控制模型的准确性, 可行性和有效性进行了验证.