管道断面外形对亚音速真空管道磁浮系统气动特性的影响

亚音速真空管道磁浮系统内部流场复杂,研究管道断面外形对气动效应的影响至关重要.基于计算流体力学,考虑流体粘性与列车悬浮间隙建立了三维亚音速真空管道列车空气动力学模型,数值模拟并对比分析了四种不同断面外形管道内的气动力、流场和气动热效应.4种典型的管道外形为圆形、马蹄形、矩形和拱形.研究结果表明:当阻塞比一定时,列车在拱...     

采用铜铝复合管的翅片管换热器换热性能数值模拟与实验研究

提出采用一种铜铝复合管,用来替代传统的空调室外机换热器用铜管,可降低成本27.8%。首先通过数值模拟研究了Φ7管径的铜铝复合管与铜管翅片管换热器空气侧的传热与流动性能,计算结果表明,在入口风速为2.5m/s的情况下,与采用铜管的换热器相比,采用铜铝复合管的换热器空气侧的压力分布几乎不变,换热量降低3.12%,对性能影响较小。另一方面,对采用该模型的铜铝复合管换热器进行了性能测试,实验结果表明:铜铝复合管换热器换热量为8775W,与铜管换热器9101W相比降低3.58%,满足换热器标准要求。实验结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,均证明这种新型铜铝复合管对换热器性能的影响不大,可用于空调的制造中。     

内螺纹铝管综合性能及应用前景分析

对具有相同外径的铜光管、内螺纹铝管及内螺纹铜管进行换热实验,并测试其机械性能和使用安全性。结果表明,内螺纹铝管的换热性能相对于铜光管有很大的提升,略低于内螺纹铜管,其机械性能不如铜管,爆破压力也低于铜管,但是这些性能可以通过改变内螺纹铝管的结构得到提升。     

舰船冷凝器用B30铜合金传热管标准体系

综述了舰船冷凝器用B30铜合金传热管标准的国内外现状,在对比分析B30铜合金传热管的化学成分、室温拉伸性能、工艺性能、无损检测等主要技术内容的基础上,结合舰船冷凝器用B30传热管的腐蚀泄漏问题,提出了B30传热管标准技术内容的增加建议.     

制冷空调设备用新型耐蚁穴腐蚀铜管的研究

分析一种新型耐蚁穴腐蚀铜管的力学性能、工艺性能及耐蚁穴腐蚀性能,并与TP2铜管的相关性能进行对比。结果表明,该新型耐蚁穴腐蚀铜管不仅具有优异的耐蚁穴腐蚀性能,而且具有良好的工艺性能,符合制冷空调两器的加工要求。     

Analysis of pitting corrosion failure of copper tubes in an apartment fire sprinkler system

Microscopical and structural analyses as well as visual inspection of copper tubes were used to investigate the cause of pitting corrosion failure of copper tubes in the wet pipe sprinkler system. Chemical analysis of the water in the copper tubing and XRF/XRD analysis of its sediments were also used to obtain hints on what was happening in the copper tubing during the progress of the pitting corrosion. It was found from the failed copper tube that a significant amount of pressurized air was present over the water in the copper tubing during operation and a series of corrosion pits were aligned adjacent to the water/air line. The waterline localized corrosion, a type of differential oxygen concentration cell corrosion, induced by pressurized air over the water in the copper tubing was identified as the cause of the pitting corrosion failure. A state of a very low oxygen concentration was maintained under the envelope of a dense layer of malachite, the corrosion byproduct, which was evidenced by the formation of Cu₂O crystalline particles inside the corrosion pit. CuO particles observed on the inside surface of the copper tube do not seem to help prevent local as well as general corrosion. Accelerated pitting corrosion of the copper tube in the wet fire sprinkler system was simulated using a differential aeration cell. Finally, measures for stopping or delaying the pitting corrosion of the copper tube in the wet sprinkler system are suggested.     

一种新型的空调连接管——Hylife合金管

本文介绍了一种新材料空调连接管路—Hylife合金管,并将其与铜管在材料本身以及安装使用性能等方面做了分析及实验对比。实验结果表明,经过合金成分优化,原材料特殊均质化以及在线退火晶粒细化等工艺生产出的Hylife合金管轻、热保持性好且抵抗腐蚀能力强;在操作上,Hylife合金管表现出比铜管更优良的弯曲和扩口性能,耐压超过14 Mpa,可满足空调室内连接管的耐压要求。另外,相比铜管,Hylife合金管更具经济性。     

35钢牺牲阳极性能及其对铜管阴极保护的可行性

采用恒电流试验测试了35钢在海水和淡水中的牺牲阳极性能,并结合紫铜的极化曲线测试和阴极保护试验分析了35钢用于铜管牺牲阳极保护的可行性。结果表明:35钢在海水和淡水中都具有良好的牺牲阳极性能,工作电位稳定,电流效率高,溶解均匀,消耗慢;对紫铜管进行阴极保护有足够的驱动电压,达200 mV以上;短期阴极保护试验结果显示35钢对紫铜管有良好的保护效果。     

T3铜管的腐蚀及其分析

T3铜管衬套在冷挤压成型前的软化退火、酸洗后其表面产生严重腐蚀，造成整批产品报废。对该产品及其腐蚀产物进行了金相检验、化学分析等检验，综合各项检验结果并采用模拟试验的方法详细分析了产生铜腐蚀的原因和机理。试验证实，在潮湿条件下铜与氯化物、铁等金属氧化物接触时的化学和电化学腐蚀，退火加热使衬套产生了严重腐蚀。     

高效空调换热器内螺纹铜管的研究及应用

分析内螺纹铜管在齿形参数选择以及制造与使用过程中对传热性能的影响因素,介绍高效空调换热器内螺纹铜管各齿形参数优化设计及研究试验过程。认为对内螺纹铜管进行深入研究,不但可以提高空调产品的性能、减少能源消耗,而且可以降低企业的生产成本。     

空调器用翅片管式蒸发器铜管点蚀分析及预防措施

针对空调器用翅片管式蒸发器铜管点蚀泄漏故障,结合铜管点蚀失效机制,从使用环境及蒸发器结构方面进行分析。研究发现,空气中含有的氯气或氯化物、氨气等溶解于冷凝水中形成腐蚀性离子,蒸发器相邻翅片叠加位置存在明显的孔洞状间隙,使冷凝水长期积存引起腐蚀性离子对铜管表面的腐蚀破坏作用,是导致蒸发器铜管点蚀泄漏的根本原因,鉴于此,提出避开腐蚀源、采用高耐腐蚀铜管、在铜管表面涂覆缓蚀剂、优化蒸发器翅片与铜管接触结构等预防措施。     

铜合金在舰船上的应用

概述了造船用铜合金的开发和应用,包括螺旋桨用铜合金、冷凝管用铜合金、通海系统用铜合金等。展望了铜合金在未来舰船上的应用前景。     

导热塑料管在冷却塔中应用的可行性分析

从力学、耐热、传热及经济性等方面对冷却塔中导热塑料管替代铜管的可行性进行介绍和分析。指出冷却塔中采用导热塑料管能够大大降低耗铜量。     

微量元素的添加对空调制冷用铜管耐蚀性的影响

分析空调与制冷系统中铜管发生蚁穴腐蚀的机制和原因,研究在典型蚁穴腐蚀易发生的甲酸氛围中微量元素的添加对空调制冷用铜管耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：在纯铜中添加微量元素可以提高制冷铜管耐蚁穴腐蚀的能力,Mn氧化物膜层对提高制冷用铜管的耐蚁穴腐蚀性能发挥了积极的作用。     

Investigation of pitting corrosion of a copper tube in a heating system

Electrochemical tests, as well as surface and chemical analyses were used to examine the mechanism of pitting failure of a copper tube. Synthetic tap water simulating the hot water in a heating system and field-used heating water at 60 °C were used as electrolytes in these tests. The results showed that the presence of a Cu(I) oxide layer on the copper surface is essential for pitting corrosion of a copper tube in hot synthetic tap water. Moreover, the pitting corrosion of copper tubes is preferred in heating water containing higher concentrations of Fe species and under stagnant condition.     

汽车空调管片式换热器用内螺纹管替代光面管的可行性分析

为了研究与套管式换热器连接的不同管型单根铜管的换热性能,测试密封水的温度变化过程。试验结果表明,内螺纹管的换热性能优于光面管的,前者的换热效率约为后者的2～3倍。因此推断汽车空调管片式热交换器采用内螺纹铝管替代光面铝管是具有可行性的。     

焊接参数对中频逆变铜管焊接质量的影响

根据压缩机的使用要求,铜管焊缝应具有较强的密封性、焊接强度和良好的物理性能。本文针对壳体与铜管中频逆变焊工艺,通过调整焊接压力、焊接时间和焊接电流3个主要参数的对比试验,确定合理的焊接参数。试验结果对实际控制铜管焊接质量具有一定的指导意义。     

TP2铜管退火后起皮原因分析

采用化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜和能谱仪分析等方法对TP2铜铸锭及其挤制管坯起皮的原因进行了分析。结果表明,在TP2铜铸锭和挤制管坯均分布着Cu2O颗粒。当挤制管在还原性气氛下退火时,因还原反应产生的气体而造成管坯表面起皮。采取了相应措施解决了起皮问题。     

Failure analysis of a copper tube in a finned heat exchanger

This paper reports on the failure analysis of a finned heat exchanger which leaked in the pressure test during commissioning. The heat exchanger was composed of panels made of thin-walled copper tubes and aluminum fins, and the structure was typical of equipment used in the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning industry. The tube material was phosphorus deoxidized copper Cu–DHP. In the pressure test, one of the tubes was found to have three leakage points. The investigation showed that the failure was a consequence of ant-nest corrosion, as all the experimental findings, together with the copper grade and the tube dimensions, were typical of this corrosion mechanism. Corrosion had initiated from the outer surface of the tube. The paper presents the morphology of the failure using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. The presence of a contaminating organic substance on the outer tube surface and inside the corrosion crack was verified by SEM/EDS analyses. The corrosion mechanism and the relevant chemical reactions given in the literature are summarized, and the conditions in which the failure may occur are presented. Ant-nest corrosion is a special form of local corrosion, and associated most often with deoxidized copper tubes used in heat transfer applications as in this study.     

紫铜管开裂原因分析

采用光学显微镜，扫描电镜及能谱仪对冰箱用紫铜管渗漏失效进行了分析。结果表明，紫铜管渗漏系腐蚀引发裂纹所致，而涂在铜管表面的油胶中的氯离子是引起紫铜管应力腐蚀开裂的主要因素。