密封状态下HNS的热烤试验研究

为了模拟爆炸箔起爆器中HNS药柱在热烤环境下的热响应状态,设计了密封的样品试管,并对φ3 mm×4 mm、φ4 mm×5 mm和φ4mm×6mm3种尺寸,装药密度为90％ TMD的HNS药柱进行了3.3℃·h-1、5℃·min-1和10℃·min-1条件下的热烤试验.通过试验后样品试管及其薄弱环节的破坏和变形程度、钢凹...     

冲击片雷管电烤爆安全性研究

为评估冲击片雷管在意外电能刺激作用下的安全性,开展了以HNS-Ⅳ为装药的冲击片雷管电烤爆试验研究,先后完成了直流28V、交流380V两项烤爆试验。试验结果表明:两种工况下爆炸箔换能元均未气化形成等离子体,也未形成飞片;然而在交流380V通入情况下,电极两端形成的电弧导致了部分HNS-Ⅳ装药发生燃烧,但整个主装药未发生爆轰性输出。     

装药参数对爆炸箔起爆器性能的影响

为研究HNS-Ⅳ装药参数对爆炸箔起爆器(EFI)性能的影响,测试了不同装药参数的EFI在不同放电电压下的作用时间.结果表明,装药密度为理论最大密度(TMD)的90%时,EFI起爆感度最高,作用时间最短,当装药密度为60%TMD和98%TMD时,EFI的起爆感度很低;装药密度为90%TMD时,装药直径在一定范围内对EFI起爆感度及作用时间基本没有影响.     

基于非硅微制造工艺的爆炸箔起爆器研究

为了实现爆炸箔起爆器的集成化和批量化制备,研究了爆炸箔起爆器非硅微制造工艺技术。采用磁控溅射和光刻技术制备了桥箔,通过紫外厚胶技术在桥箔上制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯光刻胶飞片层,并利用SU-8光刻胶集成制造了加速膛,划片后一个衬底上制备了268个爆炸箔起爆器组件,每个组件的体积为0.018 cm³. 集成后的爆炸箔起爆器50%发火感度为2 185 V. 试验了爆炸箔起爆器组件的耐高温性能,结果表明在160 ℃下经历50 h以后,爆炸箔起爆器组件依然可以正常起爆Ⅳ型六硝基菧炸药柱。     

单桥双驱爆炸箔起爆技术研究

对单桥双驱爆炸箔起爆技术的可行性及特点进行了初步分析与研究。利用爆炸箔电爆炸过程中双向驱动飞片的特性,设计了一种爆炸箔双向起爆结构,并对其起爆HNS-Ⅳ炸药的性能进行了试验研究。结果表明,在可靠发火能量1.2J的前提下,双向起爆同步精度达到了纳秒级,实测范围在40～68ns之间。     

超细HNS-Ⅳ炸药的窄脉冲起爆判据研究

为获得超细HNS-Ⅳ炸药的窄脉冲起爆判据,分析了冲击片起爆判据的计算过程,通过拟合冲击片起爆超细HNS-Ⅳ炸药的试验数据,得到了装药密度为1.57g/cm3的超细HNS-Ⅳ炸药的窄脉冲经验起爆判据,用其计算的冲击片起爆阈值电压与感度试验结果基本符合.     

高压短脉冲作用下HNS-Ⅳ型炸药的全发火冲击起爆判据

为了确定Hexanitrostilbene-Ⅳ(HNS-Ⅳ)炸药在高压短脉冲作用下的全发火冲击起爆判据参数,采用Exploding Foil Initiation system(EFIs,爆炸箔起爆系统)驱动三种厚度的聚酰亚胺飞片(12.5,40μm和50μm)撞击HNS-Ⅳ炸药柱,用升降法进行发火试验,获得了三种厚度飞片对应的最小全发火充电电压,Photon Doppler Velocimetry(PDV)方法获得最小全发火充电电压下飞片的撞击速度分别为3400,3100 m·s~(-1)和2930 m·s~(-1)。基于冲击波理论和动力学仿真,分别获得三种厚度飞片在该撞击速度下撞击HNS-Ⅳ型炸药的界面压力p、界面粒子速度u和持续时间τ,通过数据拟合确定HNS-Ⅳ型炸药在高压短脉冲作用下的全发火冲击起爆判据参数。研究结果表明,对于装药密度为1.56 g·cm~(-3)的HNS-Ⅳ装药,在撞击界面压力为10～13 GPa和持续时间为4.0～8.7 ns的范围内,全发火p~nt判据为:p~(2.88)τ≥7.21。     

烤燃温度对凝聚炸药热起爆临界温度影响的研究

为了研究凝聚炸药在不同热烤温度下的热分解情况及相应规律,文中采用以RDX为基的高能炸药,以1℃/min的升温速率并采用恒温控制技术,进行了不同温度下的热烤试验,利用FLUENT软件对不同温度下的热爆炸延滞期进行了数值模拟。结果表明,烤燃温度对凝聚炸药的热分解有重要影响,在1℃/min的升温速率条件下,当恒定温度达到178℃后,实验用高能炸药发生自加热反应,最终导致点火;随着炸药装药量的增加,炸药热起爆临界温度在逐渐降低。     

爆炸箔起爆器作用机理研究进展

从金属桥箔电爆炸、电爆炸驱动飞片和飞片冲击起爆炸药三个方面,综述了爆炸箔起爆器作用机理的研究进展。认为:爆炸箔起爆器在分段式电阻率模型、先进飞片测速技术、基于能量转化系数的电爆炸驱动飞片速度计算模型和基于临界起爆判据的感度预测等方面取得了重要进展,获得了一些规律性认识,一定程度上促进了其低能化设计。指出:小尺寸条件下电爆炸驱动飞片过程中的能量耗散及飞片烧蚀的定量描述、飞片在飞行中的瞬时形态、爆炸箔起爆器小尺寸装药的非理性爆轰性能预测、波阵面后微流场观测技术将成为爆炸箔起爆器未来研究的重点。     

升温速率对限定条件下烤燃弹热起爆临界温度的影响

为研究升温速率与限定条件下烤燃弹热起爆临界温度之间的关系,利用自行设计的烤燃试验装置,以1℃·min~(-1)的升温速率对装有RDX基高能炸药的烤燃弹进行加热,并使壳体外壁温度分别恒定在160,170,180,185,195℃,50 min后观察烤燃弹的响应情况。用FLUENT软件对不同升温速率下烤燃弹的热起爆临界温度进行了数值模拟。结果表明,炸药置于恒定高温环境中比慢速加热更加危险,其发生反应的环境温度更低,响应更剧烈;升温速率为1℃·min~(-1)时,烤燃弹的热起爆临界温度为194.8℃。且随升温速率的提高,烤燃弹的热起爆临界温度缓慢升高,当升温速率大于10℃·min~(-1)时,其热起爆临界温度均为197℃。在给定的条件下,升温速率对烤燃弹点火点的位置无影响,均为中心点火。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.     

A Study on the Estimation of Aeroheating upon the Warhead Nose at Supersonic Speed

An expression for estimating the aeroheating on a warhead nose at different supersonic speeds is proposed by incorporating CFD （computational fluid dynamics） and the least-square method. Compared with the traditional estimation formula, the expression is more accurate, convenient and can be used in the optimized design of warheads. The error from the result obtained in the test of a ball cartridge flight is less than 3 %. It satisfies the engineering requirements.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.