甲壳胺纤维和含银甲壳胺纤维的抗菌性能比较

从定性、定量的角度探讨了甲壳胺纤维和含银甲壳胺纤维对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌三种常见的、具有代表性的细菌的抑制作用,并把这两种纤维和粘胶纤维的抗菌性能作了比较。实验结果表明:含银甲壳胺纤维比普通的甲壳胺纤维具有更好的抗菌性能。     

The chelating properties of chitosan fibers

Chitosan fibers were treated with aqueous solutions of CuSO₄ and ZnSO₄ for different periods of time to prepare samples containing different levels of metal-ion contents. The effect of metal ions on the tensile properties of chitosan fibers was studied. It was found that after chelation of metal ions the chitosan fibers gained substantial increases in both dry and wet strengths. The metal ions were readily removed from the chitosan fibers by treatment with an aqueous EDTA solution. The effect of the degree of acetylation on the chelating ability of the chitosan fibers was also studied. It was found that after acetylation the chitosan fibers lost the chelating ability due to the conversion of primary amine groups to acetamide groups. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The novel alginate/N‐succinyl‐chitosan antibacterial blend fibers

Alginate/ N‐Succinyl‐chitosan (SCS) blend fibers, prepared by spinning their mixture solution through a viscose‐type spinneret into a coagulating bath containing aqueous CaCl₂, were studied for structure and properties with the aid of infrared spectroscopy (IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated a good miscibility between alginate and SCS, because of the strong interaction from the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The best values of the dry tensile strength and breaking elongation were obtained when SCS content was 30 wt %. The wet tensile strength decreased with the increase of SCS content, and the wet breaking elongation achieved maximum value when the SCS content was 30 wt %. Introduction of SCS in the blend fiber improved water‐retention properties of blend fiber compared to pure alginate fiber. Antibacterial fibers, obtained by treating the fibers with aqueous solution of silver nitrate, exhibited good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

甲壳胺纤维的螯合性能

把甲壳胺纤维与CuSO4和ZnSO4的水溶液处理后,通过控制处理的时间可以使纤维吸附不同含量的金属离子。研究了纤维上的金属离子的含量对纤维的物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,吸附金属离子后,纤维的干强和湿强都有明显的增加。纤维上的金属离子可以被EDTA的水溶液洗去,从而可以使纤维重复地应用于废金属离子的回收利用。把甲壳胺纤维进行乙酰化处理后,纤维可以在固体状态下转化成甲壳素纤维。实验结果表明,乙酰化后的纤维失去了它们对金属离子的螯合性能,从而证明了甲壳胺纤维的螯合性能主要来自于纤维上的自由胺基团。     

Fabrication and characterization of zein/viscose textibe fibers

Azlons are increasingly concerned for their excellent performance properties and biodegradation. A kind of novel azlon, zein/viscose textibe fibers, were fabricated by wet‐spinning of zein and cellulose sulfonate blended solution. Some parameters that determine the fabrication process were optimized. The structure and properties of zein/viscose fibers were characterized, and compared with those of common viscose fibers. Dry breaking tenacity of zein/viscose fibers was 2.02 CN/dtex, whereas dry breaking elongation was 16.6%. Mechanical properties of zein/viscose fibers were a little better than common viscose fibers. The moisture regain rate of zein/viscose fibers was 14.1%, similar to that of viscose fibers. From the microstructure of zein/viscose fiber, viscose acted as framework and zein was accreted to viscose. The content of protein was 14.48% in zein/viscose fibers. The basic chains of zein and viscose were not changed by blended spinning, so the fibers had advantages of both zein and viscose. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Manufacture and properties of chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers

Chitosan/N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan/viscose rayon antibacterial fibers (CNVFs) were prepared by blending chitosan emulsion, N,O‐carboxymethylated chitosan (N,O‐CMC), and viscose rayon together for spinning. The fibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs showed that chitosan microparticles dispersed uniformly along the oriented direction with the mean size ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 μm. DSC spectra of these fibers showed that no significant change in thermal property was caused by adding chitosan and N,O‐CMC into the viscose rayon. TGA spectra showed that the good moisture retentivity was not affected by the addition of chitosan and N,O‐CMC. Both DSC and TGA suggested that the decomposing tendency of the viscose rayon above 250°C seemed to be weakened by the chitosan. The fibers' mechanical properties and antibacterial activities against Escherchia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans were measured. Although the addition of chitosan slightly reduced the mechanical properties, the antibacterial fibers' properties were obtained and were found to meet commercial requirements. CNVF exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. The antibacterial activity increased along with the chitosan concentration and was not greatly affected by 15 washings in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of bacteria cells incubated together with the antibacterial or reference fibers. SEM micrographs demonstrated that greater amounts of bacteria could be adsorbed by the antibacterial fiber than by the reference fiber; these bacteria were overwhelmingly destroyed and killed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2049–2059, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10501     

Gel based on modified chitosan for oil spill cleanup

A method has been developed for obtaining a polymer porous gel and coating based on nontoxic and environmentally friendly components: chitosan, citral, and glutaraldehyde. The chemical structure and morphology of the polymer gel were investigated by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The contact angles were determined using a goniometer, and the water and oil absorption of the gel were determined by the gravimetric method based on changes in the gel mass. Measurement of the contact angle θ of transmission oil and water drops on the coating surface showed the hydrophobic nature of the coating (θ = 90° for water and θ = 0° for oil). Study of the sorption properties of the resulting gel showed high sorption capacity with respect to transmission oil (9.05 kg/kg) and low sorption capacity with respect to water (2.46 kg/kg). It was found that after oil desorption from the loaded aerogel, it can be reused. The potential possibility of recycling the spent gel through its biodegradation in the soil was shown. Because of the excellent sorption capacity, high porosity, low density, and soil degradability, the developed gel has a great potential for application in the field of environmental purification from oil pollution.     

酸性染料在纺织用甲壳胺纤维上的吸附

运用三种吸附理论模型,即Langmuir、Freundlich和Redlich-Peterson吸附模型、讨论了酸性染料在纺织用甲壳胺纤维上的吸附机理,并研究了染色温度对吸附参数的影响和硫酸钠在染色中的作用研究结果表明,Langmuir和Redlich-Peterson模型均能很好地描述酸性染料在甲壳胺纤维上的吸附性质,酸性染料以离子键的形式在甲壳胺纤维上发生吸附;酸性橙11在甲壳胺纤维上的吸附是典型的放热过程,Langmuir吸附常数KL随着染色温度的升高而降低,染浴中加入硫酸钠导致了酸性染料吸附量的降低,这意味着硫酸钠在染色中将起缓染作用     

羧甲基甲壳胺纤维对铜离子的吸附性能

为了提高甲壳胺纤维对重金属离子的吸附性能,用氯乙酸对纤维进行改性处理,在纤维的结构中引入羧甲基团后使纤维同时具有能结合重金属离子的胺基和羧酸基团。研究了改性后纤维在不同的改性程度、添加量、时间、温度、pH值等条件下对铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明:羧甲基化改性后的甲壳胺纤维对铜离子有很好的吸附性能。在同样的条件下,未改性的纤维对铜离子的吸附值为41.3mg/g,而改性后的纤维为79.4mg/g。经过羧甲基化改性的甲壳胺纤维对铜离子的饱和吸附容量可以达到148.1mg/g。     

Regenerated cellulose fibers as impact modifier in long jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect on mechanical properties,morphology, and fiber breakage

Polypropylene/jute fiber (PP‐J) composites with various concentrations of viscose fibers (VF) as impact modifiers and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a compatibilizer have been studied. The composite materials were manufactured using direct long fiber thermoplastic (D‐LFT) extrusion and compression molding. The effect of fiber length, after the extrusion process, on composites mechanical performance and toughness was investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of soft and tough VF on the PP‐J improved the energy absorption of the composites. The higher impact strength was found with the addition of 10 wt % of the impact modifier, but the increased concentration of the impact modifier affected the tensile and flexural properties negatively. Similarly, HDT values were reduced with addition of viscose fibers whereas the addition of 2 wt % of maleated polypropylene significantly improved the overall composite properties. The microscopic analysis clearly demonstrated longer fiber pullouts on the optimized impact modified composite. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41301.     

The adhesion of elastomer-coated glass fibers to an epoxy matrix. Part I: The effect of the surface treatments on the tensile strength of the glass fibers

E-glass fibers were subjected to various surface treatments to study the interfacial adhesion with an epoxy matrix by means of the fragmentation test. The glass fibers considered were both untreated and treated with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS). In addition, glass fibers were coated with a thin layer of a crosslinkable elastomer including (or not) a silane coupling agent. To evaluate the effect of the coating process, the glass fibers were also passed through the pure solvent (washed fibers). The tensile strength of glass fibers at short length (near the critical length, l_c, for the fragmentation test) cannot be measured directly, thus, extrapolation techniques were used. The Weibull statistics technique was applied and accurately described the tensile strength data of the tensile strength at various fiber gauge lengths for the different surface treatments. Nevertheless, the Weibull parameter, m, changes with the gauge length, and therefore, the extrapolation value at l_c depends on the method. The tensile strength of the silane-treated glass fibers is higher than for the untreated fibers, in agreement with reported data. This effect could be attributed to the protection against water provided by the silane sizing. The coating process does not induce any damage of the glass fibers since the washed fibers display mechanical properties close to those obtained for the untreated fibers. An additional effect is observed for the elastomer-coated fibers which present the highest tensile strength. This effect could be attributed to an improved protection and/or elimination of the weakest filaments in the glass strand during the treatment.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend fibers

Chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) blend fibers were prepared by spinning their solution through a viscose‐type spinneret at 25°C into a coagulating bath containing aqueous NaOH and ethanol. The influence of coagulation solution composition on the spinning performance was discussed, and the intermolecular interactions of blend fibers were studied by infrared analysis (IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and by measurements of mechanical properties and water‐retention properties. The results demonstrated that the water‐retention properties and mechanical properties of the blend fibers increase due to the presence of PVA in the chitosan substract, and the mechanical strength of the blends is also related to PVA content and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. The best mechanical strength values of the blend fibers, 1.82 cN/d (dry state) and 0.81 cN/d (wet state), were obtained when PVA content was 20 wt % and the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 90.2%. The strength of the blend fibers, especially wet tenacity could be improved further by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The water‐retention values (WRV) of the blend fibers were between 170 and 241%, obviously higher than pure chitosan fiber (120%). The structure analysis indicated that there are strong interaction and good miscibility between chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) molecular resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonds. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2558–2565, 2001     

PLA/稻壳粉复合材料界面改性方法及性能研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）和稻壳粉为原料,添加不同含量壳聚糖、硅烷偶联剂和氢氧化钠（NaOH）作为改性剂,通过压膜成型法制备了PLA/稻壳粉复合材料,并对复合材料的力学性能和吸水性进行了测试表征,同时对复合材料进行了X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析。结果表明,当壳聚糖含量为4 g时,复合材料的洛氏硬度较高,其冲击强度、弯曲强度、拉伸强度分别提高了21 %、70 %和47 %, 24 h吸水率降低13 %;当硅烷偶联剂含量为2 g时,其冲击强度、弯曲强度、拉伸强度分别提高50 %、53 %和65 %,24 h吸水率降低43 %;当用6 g NaOH处理时,复合材料的力学性能没有明显改善,24 h吸水率提升57 %;硅烷偶联剂对复合材料具有较好的综合改性效果, 壳聚糖可以较好地改善复合材料的力学性能,NaOH是较为优秀的亲水性改性剂。     

Effect of carboxymethylation on the absorption and chelating properties of chitosan fibers

Chitosan fibers were treated with chloroacetic acid to prepare partially substituted carboxymethyl chitosan fibers. Fibers with different levels of carboxymethylation were prepared by controlling the ratio between the fiber and the amount of chloroacetic acid. The absorption properties of the modified fibers for Cu(II) ions were studied at different concentrations, temperature, time, and pH. Results showed that the carboxymethylated chitosan fibers were more effective than the original chitosan fibers in removing Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3110–3115, 2006     

软木纤维增强PP复合材料的研究

采用软木纤维作为增强材料提高聚丙烯性能。为了改善软木纤维和聚丙烯母体之间的相容性,用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)对软木纤维进行接枝处理,用MAPP或用三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)对软木纤维进行改性处理。结果表明,与未经处理木纤维的复合材料相比,三种处理方法都使复合材料的热性能、加工性能和力学性能有了较大的提高。用MAPP接枝和用MAPP表面处理木纤维的方法比用EPDM表面处理木纤维的方法在提高复合材料热性能、加工流动性和拉伸强度方面更为显著。用EPDM表面处理木纤维在改善复合材料的冲击强度、断裂伸长率上更明显。此外,木纤维在复合材料中的浓度对复合材料其它性能的影响,以及MAPP接枝木纤维和MAPP处理木纤维的不同实验结果也进行了评价。     

Sorptive properties of heat-resistant fibers based on aromatic polymers

Conclusions -- A comparative study has been made of the sorptive properties (isotherms and kinetic sorption-desorption characteristics for water vapor and swelling in water) of aromatic heat-resistant and difficultly combustible fibers.-- The sorption isotherms of the fibers Terlon, Fenilon, SVM, Togilen, Oksalon, and Aramid-T have an S-shaped form, which is characteristic of polymers containing hydrophilic functional groups which are able to be hydrated. In the case of Lola fiber, the isotherm has a convex form, which is typical for polymers of low polarity with a porous structure.-- For most of the fibers, the kinetic sorption-desorption curves are characterized by the presence of a section of rapid moisture exchange with subsequent departure onto a plateau. SVM fiber has some differences, where the sorption-desorption process takes place over hundreds of hours because of structural changes (amorphization of structure) on swelling in vapor.-- Polyamidobenzimidazole fibers of the type of Togilen and SVM have the best hygroscopic properties. Among all the forms of aromatic heat-resistant fibers, Togilen is close to cotton, wool, and viscose fibers in hygroscopic properties.-- The structural causation of differences in the sorptive properties of aromatic thermally stable fibers has been examined.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 37–39, March–April, 1993.     

基于微胶囊技术的抗菌防螨黏胶纤维及其性能

采用微胶囊技术制备植物中药抗菌防螨微胶囊,并与含有苦木成分的黏胶纺丝液共混纺丝,制得植物中药抗菌防螨黏胶纤维。采用显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪、同步热分析仪、单纤强力仪以及防螨抗菌测试方法,对植物中药抗菌防螨黏胶纤维的化学结构、热学性能、力学性能以及防螨抗菌性能进行了测试与分析。结果表明:制备得到的植物中药抗菌防螨微胶囊平均粒径约为1.5μm,植物中药抗菌防螨黏胶纤维与普通黏胶纤维特征基团基本一致,热分解温度比普通黏胶纤维低4℃,总吸收热量为134.1 J/g,纤维强力略有下降,抗菌、防螨性能好,符合纺织加工要求,是一种新型功能性纤维。     

Preparation and characterization of alginate/gelatin blend fibers

Alginate and gelatin blend fibers were prepared by spinning their solution through a viscose‐type spinneret into a coagulating bath containing aqueous CaCl₂ and ethanol. The structure and properties of the blend fibers were studied with the aid of infrared spectra, scanning electron micrography, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanical properties and water‐retention properties were measured. The best values of the tensile strength and breaking elongation of blend fibers were obtained when gelatin content was 30 wt %. The water‐retention values of blend fibers increase as the amount of gelatin is raised. The structural analysis indicated that there was strong interaction and good miscibility between alginate and gelatin molecules resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonds. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1625–1629, 2005     

Mechanical damage to estabragh fibers in the production of thermobonded layers

Estabragh (Asclepias procerais) fibers are natural, hollow fibers, and the mechanical behavior of these fibers plays a major role in mechanical processing. This work explores the mechanical behavior of estabragh fibers in three different areas—tensile failure, carding behavior, and the construction of nonwoven layers—and reports the main barriers in the spinning process of these fibers. In the first step, a typical stress–strain curve of estabragh fibers is plotted. Fractography of the broken ends by scanning electron microscopy shows the granular nature of the fracture. The likely mechanism of tensile failure is discussed and compared with the fracture of cotton fibers under tensile loading. In the second stage, the carding behavior and likely mechanism of fiber damage during the carding process of estabragh fibers are studied. Both qualitative and quantitative studies show that estabragh fibers experience serious damage during the carding process. The effect of the hollowness of the fibers on their mechanical properties is discussed as well. In the final approach, thermobonded layers of two different blends of estabragh fibers and bicomponent poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers are produced. Some properties of the produced layers, including moisture absorption, ultraviolet absorption, and bending length, are reported. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

长余辉发光海藻纤维的制备及性能研究

将稀土铝酸盐长余辉发光材料充分研磨,用硅烷偶联剂对其进行包覆处理,并测试长余辉发光材料包覆前后在分散液中的分散性能及红外光谱曲线。通过湿法纺丝,制备了偶联剂包覆前与包覆后的发光海藻纤维。在电镜下观察纤维的形态结构,测试纤维的力学性能和发光性能。结果表明:经偶联剂处理后的发光材料具有更好的分散性,且包覆后的发光粉末与海藻酸原液具有更好的相容性,纺丝后形成的发光纤维具有更均匀的外貌结构,其拉伸断裂强力更大,发光强度更强,余辉寿命更长。