化合物Gd12Ni6Pb的磁性能研究

利用振动样品磁强计（VSM）对三元化合物Gd12Ni5Pb的磁学性能进行了研究，测定了在外加磁场0．1T和0．5T下化合物Gd12Ni6Pb的磁矩与温度之间的关系，在160K以上，化合物Gd12Ni6Pb的磁化率与温度关系为线性关系服居里-外斯定律，每个Gd原子的有效磁矩的实验值为μeff=8．61μR。还测定了在84K和室温（300k）时磁矩随磁场变化的关系。当外磁场为2．1T时，Gd12Ni6Pb的磁矩都远没有达到饱和。     

放电等离子体烧结（SPS）制备Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.75Ge0.25化合物及其磁热效应研究

采用机械合金化结合放电等离子体烧结技术,成功制备了Mn1.2Fe0.8P0.75Ge0.25室温磁制冷材料。采用XRD、VSM对烧结样品晶体结构和磁热效应（MCE）进行了研究。结果表明该化合物具有六方Fe2P型晶体结构,其热滞为4K,居里温度为292K,并且在居里点附近有较大的磁熵变,当外加磁场为1.5T时,最大磁熵变达到18.0J/（kg.K）,绝热温变达到2.7K。     

Ho_(0.5)Pr_(0.5)FeO_3的磁性与巨磁介电效应

采用固相反应法制备了Ho0.5Pr0.5FeO3多晶样品,对其磁性和磁介电特性进行了系统研究。在T=4.5 K附近存在Ho离子的反铁磁相变,在T=59~80K可观测到Fe离子的自旋重取向转变,磁滞回线表明样品呈现弱铁磁性。在T=270 K,介电常数可达~103,研究表明该介电常数与270 K附近的电阻变化相关联,该处电阻变小,介质损耗减小,导致介电值变大。尤其重要的是,该样品在室温下表现出磁场诱导的巨磁介电效应,在频率f=1 kHz、外加磁场为1.6×106 A/m下,其值可达5500%,该巨磁介电效应可能来源于磁电阻效应。     

放电等离子烧结Gd/Gd5Si2Ge2复合材料磁热效应研究

以高纯钆和Gd5Si2Ge2合金为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了两组元Gdx(Gd5Si2Ge2)1-x(x=0,0.33,0.5,0.7,1)层状复合磁制冷材料.通过自制的磁热效应测量仪器直接测量了复合材料在外加磁场1.5 T下的磁热效应(ΔTad).随着复合比例的变化,材料的最大绝热温变(ΔTad)从x=0.3时的1.6 K增加到x=0.7时的2.0 K,而最大绝热温变峰的位置从286K变到了293 K.同时,与单组元的Gd5Si2Ge2合金相比,随着钆的含量增加时,复合材料的最大绝热温变峰变宽.当x=0.7时,层状复合磁制冷材料在外加磁场1.5 T下的最大绝热温变(ΔT)在260-310K范围里从1.1 K变到2.0 K,这种材料非常适合作为室温磁制冷材料.     

RPdAl(R=Gd-Er)的磁性和磁热效应

低温退火的LTM-RPdAl和高温退火的HTM-RPdAl分别具有正交TiNiSi型和六角ZrNiAl型结构.综述了磁场和温度变化对LTM-RPdAl和HTM-RPdAl化合物磁性和磁热效应的影响.实验结果表明,LTM-RPdAl化合物均是反铁磁性的,当R=Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er时,奈尔温度TN分别为31,45,21,10和10 K.对于HTM-RPdA1化合物,当R=Tb,Ho,Er时是反铁磁性的,TN分别为43,12和5K,而当R=Gd,Dy时是铁磁性的,其居里温度分别为Tc=49,25 K.反铁磁RPdAl化合物均呈现磁场诱导的反铁磁-铁磁变磁转变.对HTM-RPdAl(R=Ho,Er)化合物,由于弱的反铁磁耦合,在低磁场下呈现出高的饱和磁化强度,从而产生大的磁热效应,在0～5 T磁场变化下的最大磁熵变值和制冷能力分别高达20.6,24.3 J/kg·K和386,299 J/kg,是优异的低温磁制冷材料.     

铈元素的添加对金属间化合物La0.8Ce0.2Fe13-xSix（x=1.6，1.4，1.2）的晶体结构、巡游电子转变特性和等温磁熵变的影响

定性地说明了在金属间化合物La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.4Si1.6中用少量Ce代替La，可以增加合金体系ac/b^2的值和临界磁场Bc（T），降低合金体系顺磁态和铁磁态间的能垒，增强IEMT特性，并使该化合物在居里温度处低磁场下的磁化系数发生了剧烈的变化。上述原因使化合物La0.8Ce0.2Fe11.4Si1.6在居里温度附近获得了巨大的等温磁熵变。此化合物在1T的低磁场下居里温度Tc～186K附近的最大等温磁熵变为74．79J（kg·K）。     

稀土过渡族金属化合物的磁制冷性能

给出了设计室温磁制冷功能材料的基本原则及具体方法；介绍了ΔT测试装置的工作原理。通过测试、验证得出：Re2Fe17-XMex型稀土过渡族金属化合物所形成的Ce2Fe16.4Co0.6与Er2Fe15.26Ni1.74化合物具有较好的制冷效果，在外加磁场强度H=2.0T条件下，它们的退磁制冷温差ΔT均可达4.5K以上，基本与纯金属钆接近（ΔT=5.25K)，但它们的价格仅为钆的1／3。     

Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物的结构与磁性

通过X射线衍射及磁测量手段研究了Tb2Fe17-xCrx（x=0、0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0、3．0)化合物的结构与磁性。研究结果表明Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物具有Th2Ni17型结构，随着Cr替代量x的增加，Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物的单胞体积呈现非线性的减小，而晶胞参数a、c呈现复杂的变化。分析表明Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物中存在着较强的磁一弹耦合效应。对磁性质的研究结果表明随着Cr替代量x的增加，Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物的居里温度升高，在x=1．0时达到最大值，为539K，当Cr替代量x继续增加时，Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物的居里温度下降。随着Cr替代量x的增加，Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物的自发磁化强度急剧下降，分析表明在Tb2Fe17-xCrx化合物中，Cr的磁矩反平行于Fe的磁矩。     

缺氧YBCO多晶陶瓷的磁电耦合与磁电阻效应

将高温超导陶瓷YBa2Cu3O6+x经过真空热处理得到氧含量x=0.13的缺氧陶瓷样品,利用HP4294A精密阻抗分析仪测量了样品介电常数温谱图,在温度为410K附近发现了介电异常现象,认为是由反铁磁相变感应铁电相变引起的.铁电测量表明缺氧YBCO多晶陶瓷在室温下有一定的铁电性.在零磁场和外加磁场条件下,采用标准四引线法分别测量了样品电阻率随温度的变化关系,发现温度低于400K时样品的磁电阻MR约为60%且基本不随温度变化,在反铁磁相变温度410K附近出现异常,认为是由于样品大量本征载流子产生并且外加磁场对顺磁区域影响较小所致.缺氧YBCO(x=0.13)陶瓷样品的磁电耦合特性,显示出它可能成为一种新的室温多铁材料从而在传感、控制和信息储存等方面发挥重要作用.     

Cu掺杂对Mn_(1.28)Fe_(0.67)P_(0.48)Si_(0.52)化合物力学性能及磁性能的影响

在氩气保护下用高能球磨机械合金化和固相粉末烧结法制备了系列化合物Mn_(1.28)Fe_(0.67)P_(0.48)Si_(0.52)(x=0,0.5,0.10,0.15,0.20)。通过X射线衍射、同步辐射X射线吸收光谱和磁性测量研究了该化合物的物相结构与磁性能。Mn_(1.28)Fe_(0.67)P_(0.48)Si_(0.52)系列化合物为Fe2P型六角结构,空间群为P-62m。该系列化合物随着Cu掺杂含量的增加晶胞沿a,b方向收缩,沿c方向膨胀的趋势,但是晶胞体积无明显变化。同步辐射X射线吸收光谱分析结果表明,该系列化合物中Cu原子在3f晶位替代部分Fe原子。居里温度在x=0,0.05,0.10时变化不大,分别为255,242及257K;相转变速率随Cu含量的增加而变小。但在x=0.15时居里温度明显降至182K;相转变速率也回升,并在20K以内完成转变。在0~1.5T外加磁场变化下,最大磁熵变为11.1J/(kg·K)。力学性能随着Cu掺杂含量的增加而有显著提高,抗压强度从无掺杂时的P=53.64 MPa到x=0.20时P=136.65 MPa,增加率达到154%。     

热处理工艺对尖晶石型Ni0.5Zn0.45Co0.05Fe2O4静磁性能的影响

利用溶胶凝胶法制备了尖晶石型 Ni0.5Zn0.45Co0.05Fe2O4 纳米颗粒,设置了3种热处理工艺,发现随着热处理温度的提高,热处理时间的延长,颗粒长大,静磁性能提高。当热处理温度为800℃,保温8h,材料具有比较好的静磁性能（Ms=30.241Oe,Hc=73.261 emg/g,μi=0.210）。另外,将前驱体在磁场条件下热处理,得到颗粒尺寸比同种热处理工艺未加磁场条件下的大,并且静磁性能有了比较大的提高,其比饱和磁化强度甚至比在更高热处理温度,更长热处理时间下制备的NiZnCo铁氧体大。     

WC-Co(Ni,Fe)硬质合金比磁饱和的标记、单位和换算

在推证了铁磁材料的饱和磁化强度MS或饱和磁极化强度JS和磁饱和状态下的磁感应强度BS间的定量关系的基础上,得到了WC-Co(Ni,Fe)硬质合金的MS,BS和JS分别与合金密度ρ的比值即标称比磁饱和(通称"磁饱和")间的数值换算关系为:BS/ρ(T.m3.kg-1)=JS/ρ(T.m3.kg-1)=μ0.MS/ρ(A.m2.kg-1)=μ0σ(A.m2.kg-1),JS/ρ(4π×10-7T.m3.kg-1)=σ(4π×10-7T.m3.kg-1)=MS/ρ(A.m2.kg-1)=σ(A.m2.kg-1),BS/ρ(×10-7T.m3.kg-1)=4πσ(×10-7T.m3.kg-1)=4π.MS/ρ(A.m2.kg-1)=4πσ(A.m2.kg-1)。因此,采用σ(A.m2.kg-1,4π×10-7T.m3.kg-1)和4πσ(×10-7T.m3.kg-1,A.m2.kg-1)作为比磁饱和的标记和单位并恪守上述各磁学量的换算关系,能确保其中σ的绝对值与单位质量合金的磁矩值一致,并能对比磁饱和数值进行有效的评估和对比。     

Permanent magnetic materials with low reversible temperature coefficient

Permanent magnets made from SmCo5exhibit negative reversible change in magnetization with increasing temperature, typically of the order of 0.04% per deg C between -100 and +200°C. For certain special applications in precision instruments such as gyros and accelerometers, it is highly desirable to improve this property. Earlier studies have shown that ternaries of the composition RxSm1-xCo5(where R = Gd, Ho, Er, or Dy and x is nearly 0.4) exhibit improved temperature compensation. A systematic investigation of the temperature coefficients of magnetization of a number of quaternaries in the temperature range 100-400 K has been undertaken. The effect of variation of the cobalt concentration on the temperature compensation of one typical system has also been examined. The results indicate that good temperature compensated magnets can be synthesized with composition Sm0.6Gd0.3DY0.1Co5(α = 0.0056 at 200-300 K; 0.002 at 300-350 K and ∼0 at 350-400 K). Slight variation of cobalt concentration does not have significant effects on the temperature compensation. Lattice constants, saturation magnetization, and the theoretical energy products of a number of quaternaries are also reported.     

Magnetic Ordering and Exchange Interaction of Laves Compounds Sm0.9Pr0.1（Fe1—xCox）2

Structure,magnetic properties and magnetostriction of Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 compounds have been investi-gated by means of X-ray diffraction,a.c. initial susceptibility, extracting sample magnetometer,Mossbauer spec-troscopy and standard strain gauge techniques.The lattice parameter a of the MgCu2-type Laves compounds Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 decreases nonlinearly with increasing Co concentration,deviating from the Vegardˊs law.Curie temperature Tc increases initially from 668 K for x=0 to 694 K for x=0.2 and then decreases to 200 K for x=1.0.The saturation magnetization Ms at temperatures 1.5K, 77K and 300K have the same variation tendency as the composition dependence of Curie temperature,in consistence with rigid-band model.The easy magnetization direction(EMD) od Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 lies along [111] direction in the range x≤0.6,and changes to [110] for x=0.8 ,while Sm0.9Pr0.1(Fe1-xCox)2 stays in the paramagnetic state at room temperature.The composition dependence of the average hyperfine field,Hhf,demonstrates a similar variation tendency as that of the saturation magnetiza-tion Ms and Curie temperature Tc .The spontaneous magnetostricton λ111 increases with increasing Co content.The saturation magnetostriction λs decreases monotonically with increasing x,which is caused by the increase of magnetostriction constant λ100 with opposite sign to that of λ111.A two-sublattice model has been proposed to understand the intermediate region between the [111]and [110] spin configurations ,which can also be used to explain the temperature dependence of magnetization.     

Temperature and Magnetic Field-Induced Spin Reorientation in Rare-Earth Perovskite ErFe<Subscript>0.75</Subscript>Cr<Subscript>0.25</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>

We report the synthesis of a single-phase rare-earth perovskite ErFe_0.75Cr_0.25O₃ polycrystalline and its magnetic properties. A transition occurs at temperature T _N = 120 K below which we observe a weak magnetic moment from the canted antiferromagnetism. Interestingly, ErFe_0.75Cr_0.25O₃ reveals the compensation-like behavior at T _comp?like = 27 K, where the net magnetic moments of transition-metal ions are antiparallel and equal to the induced net moment of Er³⁺ ions, and the paramagnetic contribution of Er³⁺ moment presenting a nonzero magnetization. The temperature-dependent magnetization measurement shows a spin reorientation transition from Γ₄ to Γ₁ at 6 K. Furthermore, it is also observed that there is a spin-flop transition at low temperature induced by external magnetic field in Γ₁ state (antiferromagnetic state). The interaction between (Fe/Cr)-3d and Er-4f electrons drives an extremely interesting spin reorientation transition which is highly sensitive to magnetic field and temperature.     

Structural and magnetic properties of LaFe0.5Cr0.5O3 studied by neutron diffraction, electron diffraction and magnetometry

The structural and magnetic properties of the perovskite type compound LaFe_0.5Cr_0.5O₃ have been studied by temperature dependent neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data shows that the compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic perovskite structure with a random positioning of the Fe and Cr cations at the B sublattice. The magnetic structure at 10 K is a collinear antiferromagnetic one with the magnetic moment per site being equal to 2.79(4) μ_B. Magnetisation measurements confirm the overall antiferromagnetic behaviour. Moreover, it indicates a weak uncompensated magnetic moment close to the transition temperature T_N ≈ 265 K. This moment can be described by a magnetic cluster state, which remains up to 550 K. Electron diffraction patterns along with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the crystallites are composed by domains of different orientation, which share the same cubic perovskite sub-cell reflections.     

Neutron Diffraction Investigation of the DyFe11Ti Magnetic Structure and Its Spin Reorientations

In this article, we report on the magnetic structure of DyFe₁₁Ti and its thermal evolution as probed by neutron powder diffraction. A thermodiffraction technique was used to follow the temperature dependence of the magnetic moments, as well as their orientation. The Dy and Fe moments were coupled to each other in an antiparallel manner to form a ferrimagnet, where the easy magnetization direction at 2 K was the [110] axis in the basal (a, b) plane. This magnetic structure underwent two successive spin reorientation phenomena with increasing temperature. A large Dy magnetic moment of 9.7 Bohr magneton (μ_B) was obtained at low temperatures, and the magnitude decreased rapidly to 7.5μ_B at 200 K. The largest Fe magnetic moment was observed on the Fe 8i position. A ThMn₁₂-type crystal structure was preserved in the studied temperature range, despite the large changes of the magnetic structure. A sharp tilt was observed at the first-order spin reorientation, T_SR1; the angle between the easy magnetization axis and the crystal c axis was reduced from 90° at 2 K to about 20° at 200 K (where c is the easy axis above 200 K); and the Dy and Fe magnetic moments maintained an antiparallel coupling.     

RFe7Mn4Ti化合物的结构和磁性

利用真空电弧熔炼和真空热处理制备RFe7Mn4Ti(R=Y、Tb、Dy、Ho和Er)化合物样品。室温粉末样品的X射线衍射和热磁曲线测量表明：所有这些化合物都具有单ThMn12型结构．其晶格常数a、c和单胞体积V随着稀土元素的不同而变化。在DyFe7MmTi和HoFe7Mn4Ti化合物的热磁曲线上出现了明显的补偿特征．补偿温度分别约为123K和90K。本文还给出了这些化合物的居里温度和饱和磁化强度。     

Neutron Powder Diffraction Study in La<Subscript>0.85</Subscript>Ag<Subscript>0.15</Subscript>MnO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

La_0.85Ag_0.15MnO₃, the colossal magnetoresistance compound was prepared and the neutron powder diffraction patterns at different temperatures down to 19 K were recorded to study their crystal structure and magnetic properties. These patterns were analyzed by the Rietveld refinement technique and are found to be free from any impurity phase. The compound is found to crystallize in a mixture of R[`3]cR\overline{3}c and Pnma space group and the phase fraction is found to vary with temperature. A cross-over from R[`3]cR\overline{3}c dominated high temperature phase to Pnma dominated low temperature phase at around 130 K was observed. At low temperatures, especially below 285 K, the diffraction patterns could be refined by including the magnetic reflections corresponding to ferromagnetic structure. The refined magnetic moment of Mn ions is found to be along b axis of the unit cell with a maximum moment of 3.74 μ_B at 19 K and this value is comparable to the saturation magnetization observed at 20 K from magnetization measurement.