超音速火焰喷涂参数对WC-Co涂层性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术在钢基体表面制备WC-Co涂层,利用X射线、万能拉伸试验机、显微硬度计、金相显微镜等仪器分析涂层的组织结构与性能,并采用正交试验法研究了主要热喷涂参数对涂层表面性能的影响.结果表明:涂层孔隙率小于1%,界面结合良好、无剥落;喷涂距离是影响涂层结合强度、硬度的主要因素,当喷涂距离为210 mm时,结合强度可达到71.6 MPa,显微硬度可达到HV1 777;WC的分解受到温度和喷涂距离的共同作用,分解率可达到50%以上.     

液体燃料-空气/氧气混合助燃超音速火焰喷涂枪的研制

采用枪内混气方式,设计研制了一种采用炽热体作为稳焰器的液体燃料-空气/氧气混合助燃超音速火焰喷涂枪.用SprayWatch热喷涂监测系统测试喷涂枪焰流出口速度和温度,并研究喷涂工艺对WC-12Co涂层组织和性能的影响.结果表明,喷涂枪焰流出口速度超过1300m/s,焰流温度可在2302～3410K之间进行精确调节,精度达到±50K;提高空气/氧气比,涂层中WC保留率明显提高,使涂层硬度比氧气助燃时得到明显提高;采用空气助燃进行喷涂,可以得到厚度超过5mm的WC-12Co涂层.     

碳化钨颗粒尺寸对超音速火焰喷涂WC-Co涂层形成的影响

通过探讨WC颗粒对扁平粒子厚度及喷涂后WC颗粒尺寸变化的影响，研究了超音速火焰喷涂过程中WC－Co深层的沉积过程。使用具有不同WC尺寸的四种WC-Co粉末，采用JET－KOTE喷枪系统喷制了WC－Co涂层。结果发现涂层中WC颗粒的大小主要取决于原始粉末中WC的尺寸．在粉末穿越火焰的过程中，大多数WC处于固态；WC-Co涂层的沉积涉及固液两相离子的扁平化，而不是象在优化条件下金属或陶瓷材料喷涂过程中仅存在单一液相的情况。很明显WC-Co粉末中的WC的大小对涂层的形成影响很大、在超音速火焰喷涂条件下当液固粒子碰撞到已形成的涂层表面上时，其中的大颗粒WC粒子容易被反弹脱落。基于实验结果，提出了计算由液相聚积固相形成的波固两相颗粒碰撞到表面时形成扁平粒子的厚度的模型。     

碳化钨颗粒尺寸对超音速火焰喷涂WC-Co涂层形成的影响

通过探讨WC颗粒对扁平粒子厚度及喷涂后WC颗粒尺寸变化的影响，研究了超音速火焰喷涂过程中WC-Co涂层的沉积过程，使用具有不同WC尺寸的四种WC-Co粉末，采用JET-KOTE喷枪系统喷制了WC-Co涂层。结果发现涂层中WC颗粒的大小主要取决于原始粉末中WC的尺寸．在粉末穿越火焰的过程中，大多数WC处于固态，WC-Co涂层的沉积涉及固液两相离子的扁平化，而不是象在优化条件下金属或陶瓷材料喷涂过程中仅存在单一液相的情况．很明显WC-Co粉末中的WC的大小对涂层的形成影响很大，在超音速火焰喷漆条件下当液固粒子碰撞到已形成的涂层表面上时，其中的大颗粒WC粒子容易被反弹脱落。基于实验结果，提出厂计算由液相聚积固相形成的液固两相颗粒碰撞到表面时形成扁平粒子的厚度的模型。     

超音速火焰喷涂及涂层性能简介

本文简要介绍了超音速火焰喷擦的原理、发展状态；比较了超音速火焰喷涂层、等离子喷涂层，爆炸喷涂层、自熔合金喷熔层以及电镀硬铬层的硬度和耐磨损性能；介绍了超音速火焰喷涂层的部份应用实例及其应用效果。     

超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF) WC-Co合金涂层微观组织与耐磨性分析

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVAF)工艺在Q235基体上制备了WC-Co涂层,并研究了涂层的显微组织和磨损性能。结果表明:WC-Co涂层与基体结合良好,涂层致密,孔隙率较低,微观形貌呈层状结构。EDS能谱表明涂层发生了较低氧化。涂层的显微硬度高达1244HV0.1。涂层开始时失重磨损率较高,而且随着法向载荷的增大而增加,随着时间增加磨损率不断降低,体现了WC-Co涂层优异的耐磨性能。     

超音速火焰喷涂碳化钨-钴涂层磨粒磨损行为

采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺在16Mn钢上制备了WC-12Co涂层,并测试了该涂层的力学性能特别是其抗磨粒磨损性能。结果表明:WC-12Co涂层的主相为碳化钨,显微硬度为(1341.0±134.3)HV,孔隙率为0.21%±0.04%。该涂层的磨损率随着磨粒硬度、磨粒粒度和加载载荷的增加而增加。当磨粒的硬度低于涂层硬度时,涂层的磨损机制以磨耗磨损为主,磨损率低;当磨粒的硬度超过涂层的硬度时,涂层的磨损以微切削为主,磨损率高。另外,WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性相对于16Mn钢也是随着磨粒的硬度变化而变化。     

超音速火焰喷涂CoCrW涂层的高温抗氧化性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备了CoCrW涂层，用增重法测试了涂层的高温抗氧化性能。试验结果表明，在氧化性气氛下，涂层在850℃以下或经过较短时间处理时，涂层氧化增重较少，而经850℃以上处理或经过较长时间处理时，涂层氧化增重明显，而且，处理后涂层的X射线衍射结果也证明在涂层中出现了铬和钴的氧化物。可见，CoCrW涂层的稳定使用温度应控制在850℃以下。     

超音速火焰喷涂包覆涂层的高温氧化性能

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法制备包覆涂层,进行空气中静态和循环氧化试验和扫描电镜分析,结果表明,涂层具有较好的抗静态高温氧化性能,在900℃×100h和1000℃×100h条件下,涂层无剥落现象发生,涂层具有良好的抗循环氧化性能.     

Q235钢基表面超音速电弧喷涂WC-Co涂层冲蚀磨损性能研究

采用超音速电弧喷涂工艺(HVAS)在A3钢基体上制备了WC-Co涂层,对所制备的涂层在不同冲蚀角度下的冲蚀磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明:冲蚀磨损时,喷涂电流为100 A和200 A的涂层质量损失都随冲蚀角的增大而增加,冲蚀角为30°时磨损量最小,冲蚀角为90°时磨损量最大,说明冲蚀过程中冲蚀粒子的锤击作用对材料的质量损失影响更大。喷涂电流为100 A时的冲蚀磨损量要高于喷涂电流为200 A的冲蚀磨损量,喷涂电流增大,弧区温度升高,容易形成细小熔滴,在压缩空气作用下粒子飞行速度增大,动能提高,促使涂层表层硬度提高,从而提高了涂层的耐磨性。     

超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF/HVAF)Ni60合金涂层组织与磨损性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂HVAF/HVOF两种工艺分别在Q235钢基体上制备了Ni60涂层,研究了涂层的显微组织和磨损性能。结果表明,两种工艺制备的涂层均具有典型的层状结构,涂层与基体以机械方式较好的结合。HVOF工艺制备的Ni60涂层的含氧量是HVAF工艺涂层含氧量的3倍多,说明HVOF工艺氧化性比HVAF工艺大得多。HVAF工艺涂层的显微硬度和耐磨性明显低于HVOF工艺涂层,这与HVOF工艺涂层中弥散分布硬质相和HVAF工艺涂层中存在微裂纹有直接影响。     

高速电弧喷涂FeCrAl/Ni95Al复合涂层的性能

利用电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体表面制备了FeCrAl/Ni95 Al复合涂层,先喷涂Ni95Al打底层增强涂层的结合强度,FeCrAl涂层作为工作层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪、拉伸试验机、显微硬度计和CETR微动摩擦磨损试验机研究了涂层的显微组织、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,复合涂层组织均匀致密,主要由Fe3Al金属间化合物、(Fe,Cr)固溶在涂层基体中.涂层结合强度为43 MPa,硬度值为530 HVO.1,涂层磨损失效形式为剥落和氧化磨损.     

高速电弧喷涂Fe-Al金属间化合物涂层

采用粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂技术(HVAS)制备了Fe-Al金属间化合物涂层,并研究了涂层的显微组织和室温至650℃的滑动摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:Fe-Al涂层的平均成分为Fe-20.0Al-14.1O(摩尔分数,%),主要相是Fe3Al,FeAl,α-Fe,Al2O3及少量Al;涂层具有较高的结合强度和硬度、较低的孔隙率及较高的高温耐磨性;高温下磨损面形成了大面积的氧化物保护层,降低了涂层的摩擦因数,而剥层磨损是涂层的主要磨损机制.涂层中Fe3Al和FeAl金属间化合物相较高的高温强度和硬度能有效地阻碍裂纹的产生、扩展及扁平颗粒的断裂,从而使Fe-Al涂层表现出优异的高温耐磨性.     

TiAlNb intermetallic compound coating prepared by high velocity oxy-fuel spraying

Ti_28.35Al_63.4Nb_8.25 (at.%) intermetallic compound coatings were sprayed onto 316 L stainless steel substrates by HVOF processes using various parameters. By varying the grit blasting pressure between 0.11 and 0.55 MPa, the effects of substrate roughness on the adhesion of TiAlNb thermal sprayed coatings were investigated. The microstructure, porosity and microhardness of the coatings were characterized by SEM, XRD, Image Analysis and Vickers hardness analysis. The tensile adhesion test (TAT) specified by ASTM C 633-79 was used to measure the tensile bonding strength of the coating. The results show that the coatings with substrate roughness of 8.33 μm displayed the best combined strength. TiAlNb coatings had a lamellar microstructure with different spraying parameters. The porosity, bonding strength, microhardness of coatings were assessed in relation to the spraying processes. The thickness of bond coat on the bond strength of coatings was also discussed.     

Development of coating structure and adhesion during high velocity oxygen-fuel spraying of WC-Co powder on a copper substrate

This paper deals with the mathematical modeling of the development of the WC-Co coating structure and adhesion on a copper substrate during high velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying. Two types of substrates are considered: smooth (polished) and rough (grit blasted). Variations of solidification time, solidification velocity, thermal gradient, and cooling velocity in the coating and substrate interfacial region are studied. Development of the amorphous and crystalline structures in the coating and of the crystalline structure in the substrate interfacial region is discussed. Behavior of the crystal size and intercrystalline distance with respect to the thermal spray parameters and morphology of the substrate surface is analyzed. Optimal conditions for the formation of fine and dense crystalline structure are determined. Structural changes in the solid state of the substrate occurring because of heating and rapid cooling are considered. Mechanical and thermal mechanisms of development of the substrate-coating adhesion are discussed. Results obtained agree well with experimental data.     

Structure and sliding wear behavior of 321 stainless steel/Al composite coating deposited by high velocity arc spraying technique

A typical 321 stainless steel/aluminum composite coating （321/Al coating） was prepared by high velocity arc spraying technique （HVAS） with 321 stainless steel wire as the anode and aluminum wire as the cathode. The traditional 321 stainless steel coating was also prepared for comparison. Tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated with the ring-block wear tester under different conditions. The structure and worn surface of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and energy dispersion spectroscopy（EDS）. The results show that, except for aluminum phase addition in the 32 l/Al coating, no other phases are created compared with the 321 coating. However, due to the addition of aluminum, the 32 l/Al coating forms a type of ＂ductile/hard phases inter-deposited＂ structure and performs quite different tribological behavior. Under the dry sliding condition, the anti-wear property of 32 l/Al coating is about 42% lower than that of 321 coating. But under the oil lubricated conditions with or without 32 h oil-dipping pretreatment, the anti-wear property of 321/AI coating is about 9% and 5% higher than that of 321 coating, respectively. The anti-wear mechanism of the composite coating is mainly relevant to the decrease of oxide impurities and the strengthening action resulted from the ＂ductile/hard phases inter-deposited＂ coating structure.     

大气等离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂WC-Ni涂层组织结构和性能的对比研究

采用大气等离子喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂技术在不同工艺参数下制备WC-Ni涂层。涂层的相结构和显微组织结构分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)进行表征。涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量和断裂韧性采用显微维氏硬度计进行表征。采用销盘磨损试验对涂层的磨损性能进行表征。结果表明,较大功率下等离子喷涂的涂层较致密,WC相脱碳程度较大。超音速火焰喷涂距离较小时,制备的涂层较致密,脱碳分解程度较小。相比等离子喷涂技术,超音速火焰喷涂制备的涂层中WC相的分解更少,涂层组织结构相对致密,力学性能相对较高,耐磨粒磨损性能较好。致密度相近,但脱碳程度较小的涂层耐磨性能较好。     

Preparation and characterization of magnesium coating deposited by cold spraying

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have a great potential as structural materials due to their beneficial combination of high strength to weight ratio, high thermal conductivity and good machinability. However, few works about Mg coatings fabricated by cold spraying can be found in the literature. Thus, Mg coatings prepared at different main gas temperatures by cold spraying were investigated as well as their microstructure, phase structure, oxygen content and microhardness. The critical velocity of the particle was evaluated through numerical simulations. The particle deformation behavior and bonding mechanism were discussed. The result of the oxygen content measurement shows that the oxygen contents of coatings did not increase compared with that of the feedstock powder. The simulation results show that the critical velocity of Mg particles was in the range from 653 m/s to 677 m/s. The observation of the coating fracture morphology shows that the formation of the coating was due to the intensive plastic deformation and mechanical interlocking. The microhardness of the coating increased with the increase of the main gas temperature from 350 °C to 450 °C due to the decrease of the coating porosity.