Knowledge sharing using IT service management tools: conflicting discourses and incompatible practices

ICT applications that include functionality for knowledge sharing are routinely used by IT service providers even though their implementation is known to be problematic and the reasons for such problems not well understood. To shed light on the issue, we collected data at two organisations where managers had provided IT service support workers with IT service management (ITSM) tools incorporating functionality for knowledge sharing. Using critical discourse analysis and rhetorical analysis techniques, we contrasted primary data representative of IT service support practice with other primary and publicly available secondary data reflecting the prevailing discourse of IT service managers. Through this analysis, we identify an apparent dissonance between ITSM managerial and worker discourses that reflect opposing epistemologies. Managers are optimistic about the benefits of ICT‐based knowledge sharing, whereas the practice of workers is revealed to privilege self‐reliance and interpersonal knowledge sharing. By taking a dual, management–worker, perspective, we provide fresh insight into why ICT‐based knowledge sharing is problematic. As a theoretical contribution, we propose that dysfunctional intra‐organisational conflict can arise where incompatible management and worker practices become institutionalised through the simultaneous diffusion of conflicting discourses.     

When and how authoritarian leadership and leader renqing orientation influence tacit knowledge sharing intentions

In this study of tacit knowledge-sharing intentions in China, we examine the roles of authoritarian leadership and fairness with respect to the way managers make decisions and treat their subordinates. In particular, we examine the role of leader renqing orientation, i.e., the way leaders distribute favors and emotional concern to their subordinates, as a moderating factor. We draw on the research literature in the domains of knowledge management and cross-cultural Psychology to identify constructs that we then test with a survey of 309 Chinese employees. Our findings are counter-intuitive and are discussed in detail before we conclude with implications for research and practice.     

Dynamics of Innovation: Understanding and Influencing Communication Behaviours

Studies of communication patterns in technical teams have confirmed the importance of three roles (critic, erudite and idea generator) identified in earlier Russian work. Interpersonal needs and innovation-adaptation style preferences were also examined. The results demonstrate that the roles are taken up by team members with differing interpersonal needs and innovation-adaptation biases. The authors suggest that greater attention to such factors will assist in the design and management of more effective scientific teams, and describe an easy-to-apply survey-feedback method for facilitating team learning and development.     

企业研发团队复杂网络的可视化与描述

针对现有复杂网络分析软件对企业研发团队表征程度的不足,基于JGraph建立了一个具有属性描述、关系多样、可互操作的复杂网络模型和其描述方法,给出以信息组织、节点分类、建立联系和网络展现几个步骤为核心的建模方案,并采用J2EE技术,集成JGraph和JFreeChart组件,进行了系统实现,为复杂网络理论与企业实际相结合提供了一种可视化思路,为模型映射、指标分析、动态演化奠定了良好的基础．     

有限理性下知识团队知识共享的演化博弈分析

为提高知识团队成员共享知识的意愿,通过运用演化博弈论,对知识团队知识共享的内在机理与动态演化过程进行了分析.结果表明,影响知识团队知识共享的因素有知识员工的知识拥有量差距、风险系数、知识共享度、互补性知识比例、激励系数、协同性影响程度等,通过调整这些参数的大小,可以有效提高知识团队成员选择知识共享策略的概率.     

基于eLearning的企业知识管理模型

知识管理与eLearning技术能有效提升企业竞争力。首先改进了SECI知识管理模型;然后提出了基于eLearning的企业知识管理模型;最后给出了基于该模型的应用案例。通过对该案例的分析,可以更好地理解eLearning与知识管理在企业中的实际关系。     

Knowledge sharing in information system development teams: examining the impact of shared mental model from a social capital theory perspective

Shared mental model (SMM), a concept from psychology, is defined as a common thinking style developed when individuals perform similar tasks in a cohesive manner. In this article, we investigate the relationship between the three dimensions of social capital and SMM. We also examine whether SMM mediates the impact of social capital on knowledge sharing (KS) behaviour in information system development (ISD) teams. Social capital is defined as the resource of social relationships owned by individuals. It is useful for explaining human behaviour in social networks. The data collected represent 492 ISD professionals in 118 teams from 18 middle-sized enterprises. The results of this study indicate that social capital theory is useful for explaining the antecedents of SMM, and SMM is positively related to KS and team performance. This research also emphasises the importance of developing SMM in a team.     

Effects of information technologies,department characteristics and individual roles on improving knowledge sharing visibility: a qualitative case study

Knowledge sharing visibility (KSV) is a critical environmental factor which can reduce social loafing in knowledge sharing (KS). This is especially true in ICT-based KS in learning organisations. As such, it is imperative that we better understand how to design technology enabled knowledge management systems (KMS) to support high KSV. This article examines the impact of knowledge management technology functions (e.g. tracking, knowledge storing) on KSV through qualitative analysis of 16 semi-structured interviews with participants in a Chinese company. Impact and implications of use for their existing KMS are examined. This article also examined the effects of department characteristics (i.e. group size and task characteristics) and individual roles (i.e. employee positions) on the IT–KSV relationship. Results encourage applied statistical, tracking, knowledge distribution and knowledge storing functions for monitoring explicit KS, and suggest integration of visualised knowledge maps with communication tools (e.g. Instant Messenger (IM)) to support visibility for implicit KS. Findings also suggest that KM technologies are more salient on improving KSV in large department with routine tasks, and that low-level employees may have more positive attitude on accepting communication tools on sharing knowledge. Extension to use of Web 2.0 technologies (e.g. weblogs) in KMS is also explored.     

Application of multivariate statistics and 3D visualization analysis in tacit knowledge diffusion map

Tacit knowledge is an important factor for enterprises and institutions to enhance their knowledge innovation and value-added capabilities, and it is also a basic link to enhance organizational learning capabilities. With the development of technology, the dissemination of tacit knowledge has increasingly shown complex and dynamic trends. In order to make the tacit knowledge in the enterprise better circulate and generate greater economic value, therefore, this paper proposes a study on the diffusion map of tacit knowledge based on multivariate statistics and 3D visualization analysis. First of all, this paper analyzes the internal relationship between organizational learning and organizational tacit knowledge integration and organizational tacit knowledge innovation, and combines multiple statistical methods to propose an organizational tacit knowledge integration method based on tacit knowledge management. Secondly, we combine 3D visualization and generative confrontation network methods to analyze the data of tacit knowledge dissemination, and visualize the distribution of knowledge dissemination in three dimensions. In the simulation experiment test, this paper reveals that the spreading efficiency of tacit knowledge in the network is affected by related factors. Through this model, we hope to explore the behavioral laws of different types of nodes in the network and propose effective countermeasures to improve the efficiency of knowledge dissemination.     

构建隐性知识管理系统的探讨

随着知识管理的发展,隐性知识逐渐成为知识管理的核心.为了实现对隐性知识统一、有效地管理,在对隐性知识管理的现状及问题的分析基础之上,提出了较为完备的隐性知识管理的功能模型,并对其实现的关键技术进行分析.该模型将使得隐性知识管理从分散的理论研究落实到具体可实施的技术层面上,在一定程度弥补了当前对隐性知识管理应用研究的不足.     

引导＋自主＋协作促进计算机课堂教学的优化

本文通过两种不同的教学模式对比及教学实践,探讨一种课堂教学新方法“引导、自主、协作”,以优化信息技术课堂教学。     

重路由匿名通信系统中基于秘密共享的重路由算法

重路由匿名通信系统主要采用重路由机制来提供匿名保护．已有的下一跳重路由方式具有抗攻击能力弱且通信延时大等缺陷．提出基于秘密共享的重路由算法,用于在下一跳路由中实现端到端的加密,从而有效增大恶意成员的攻击难度．理论分析表明,抗攻击能力达到与源路由方式同等水平．并且,由于发送者能有效控制路由长度,因而能保证良好的通信性能．     

A part affordance-based approach for capturing detailed design knowledge

Design knowledge reuse is widely accepted as an effective strategy for designers to develop robust artifacts with less time and lower cost. However, there has been very little research on how to help designers capture detailed design knowledge for reuse. As a result, most detailed design knowledge still has to remain in designers’ memories as tacit knowledge, which can easily get lost due to oblivion or the mobility of designers. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a part affordance-based approach for externalizing and capturing detailed design knowledge for effective reuse. It first introduces a part model for representing the detailed design-related information. Based on the relational theory for design, the concept, part affordance, is then employed to help designers externalize and capture various lifecycle factors that are implicit in a detailed design. Based on the affordance constraint axiom, a systematic approach is then proposed for deriving tacit design knowledge from captured part affordances through the analysis of extreme working situations. The proposed approach has been implemented as the Design Knowledge-Capturing System (DKCS). A fixture design case has been employed to illustrate the proposed approach.     

Fault-tolerant and progressive transmission of images

A fault-tolerant progressive image transmission method is proposed. The advantages include the following: (1) Unlike most progressive methods, the image is divided into n parts with equal importance to avoid worrying about which part is lost or transmitted first. (2) If the image is a secret image, then the transmission can use n distinct channels (one shared result per channel), and intercepting up to r₁-1 channels by the enemy (r₁r_kn are all pre-set constants) will not reveal any secret. Meanwhile, the disconnection up to n-r_k channels will not affect the lossless recovery of the secret image.     

Mediation and communication of information in the cultural interface

In man-machine communication, there is a relationship between what may be described as tacit (human) and explicit (machine) knowledge. The tacit lies in practice and the explicit in the formulation of the processes and content of this practice. However, when a human communicates with another human face to face, we may describe them as communicating aspects of the tacit and explicit dimension of their knowledge, i.e. the expression and its background of meaning for the particular situation. When this is unsuccessful in being communicated, some mediator (not necessarily a third person) is needed to provide the bridge for the particular discrepant aspects of the tacit and explicit dimensions to meet. This is achieved by making the tacit nature of the discrepancy in the communication explicit to both participants such that they both understand the background to their discrepancy. Once they become aware, it is possible for them to begin to resolve it.In considering what has been termed here the cultural interface, i.e. communication across cultures, the paper will explore the nature of discrepancies in communication and the means by which we can accommodate to each other's differences, either via third party help or between ourselves. The interaction of each person's tacit (background of practices) and their interpretation, set against this background, of the explicit (the utterance, silence, gesture) needs to find some mutual ground, involving their cultural self. The operation of mediation and negotiation will be considered in this context.     

一种基于矢量共享方案的DCT域上数字水印分存算法

数字水印分存是将秘密共享的思想用于数字水印,将原始水印信息分解成n份分存水印信息,获得其中部分分存水印信息就能恢复出原始水印信息．该文提出一种基于矢量共享方案的DCT域上的数字水印分存算法．它将矢量共享的思想用于数字水印．原始载体图像分块后,在DCT变换的低频域上加载分存后的水印数据．水印信息隐藏前,对原始水印和分块水印都进行扰乱处理,同时分存也具有加密作用．算法具有很高的安全性和较好的稳健性．实验表明,算法还具有较好的隐藏效果和很好的抗剪切、抗压缩等功能．     

浅析三维图形中的信息隐藏技术

目前对三维图形作品的知识产权的保护与重要信息加密隐藏的需求日益增长,人们开始使用隐藏技术为三维数字化作品添加数字水印或通过三维图形信息隐藏技术加密重要信息.文章对三维图形中的信息隐藏技术作了剖析,并对基于距不变特征的隐藏算法进行了研究,最后利用ply格式的三角形网格Cow三维模型对算法进行了验证.