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1.
Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in Lake Huron consist of wild and hatchery-reared fish distributed among several populations. This study tested whether otolith chemistry can be used to identify the natal origin of Chinook salmon in this system. Concentrations of nine elements (Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba, and Pb) in the otoliths of Chinook salmon juveniles from 24 collection sites (17 streams and 7 hatcheries) around Lake Huron were analyzed using laser-ablation inductively-coupled mass spectrometry. Differences in otolith chemistry were found between rearing environments (wild and hatchery), among geological regions (Precambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous), and among collection sites. Discriminant function analysis showed high classification accuracies of juveniles to their rearing environment (wild versus hatchery, 82%), geological region (84%), and collection site (87%) of origin. With these values, there is excellent potential for otolith chemistry to be used to predict the natal origin of adults, and thus inform research and management of Chinook salmon in Lake Huron. 相似文献
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混凝土重力坝工作性态评价方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
岳建平 《水电自动化与大坝监测》2002,26(4):52-54
介绍了模式识别的基本理论和方法,提出了混凝土重力坝安全性态综合评价的层次模型,详细讨论了各层次安全度的计算方法,并以某工程为例,对该方法的计算进行了分析说明。 相似文献
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《Journal of Great Lakes research》2022,48(6):1696-1709
Management of a widely distributed species can be a challenge when management priorities, resource status, and assessment methods vary across jurisdictions. For example, restoration and preservation of coregonine species diversity is a goal of management agencies across the Laurentian Great Lakes. However, management goals and the amount of information available varies across management units, making the focus for management efforts challenging to determine. Genetic data provide a spatially consistent means to assess diversity. Therefore, we examined the genetic stock structure of cisco (Coregonus artedi) in the Great Lakes where the species is still extant. Using genotype data from 17 microsatellite DNA loci, we observed low levels of population structure among collections with most contributions to overall diversity occurring among lakes. Cisco from lakes Superior, Michigan, Ontario, and the St. Marys River could be considered single genetic populations while distinct genetic populations were observed among samples from northern Lake Huron. Significant within-lake diversity in Lake Huron is supported by populations found in embayments in northern Lake Huron. The Grand Traverse Bay population in Lake Michigan represents a distinct population with reduced levels of genetic variation when compared to other lakes. The different levels of within lake population structure we observed will be important to consider as future lake-specific management plans are developed. 相似文献
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Daniel J. Dembkowski Daniel A. Isermann Steven R. Hogler Wesley A. Larson Keith N. Turnquist 《Journal of Great Lakes research》2018,44(5):970-978
To test assumptions related to the current conceptual model for walleye Sander vitreus management in Green Bay, we evaluated whether: 1) spawning aggregations in the Fox, Menominee, Oconto, and Peshtigo rivers represent genetically distinct stocks; 2) population dynamics and demographics vary among walleye spawning at these locations; 3) walleye spawning in these rivers contribute to the fishery in northern Green Bay, and 4) walleye spawning in these rivers exhibit spawning site fidelity or if they stray among rivers. Genetic differentiation among the four tributaries was low and sex-specific total length (TL), mean TL at age 5, and age-class diversity were generally similar among rivers and observed differences were not consistent. Movements of walleye inferred from angler tag returns suggest that walleye spawning (and tagged) in the four tributaries typically remain within southern Green Bay; however, this assertion may be confounded by the distribution of angling effort that provides tag recoveries. Straying rates among rivers ranged from 0 to 23% and were likely sufficient to preclude genetic differentiation among stocks. Collectively, results suggest that walleye spawning in the Fox, Menominee, Oconto, and Peshtigo rivers do not function as separate stocks and do not significantly contribute to the fishery outside of southern Green Bay. The primary assumption of the current conceptual model that remains to be tested is whether the walleye fishery in southern Green Bay is supported primarily by fish spawning in these four rivers, or if there are substantial contributions from fish spawning at other unknown locations. 相似文献
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《Journal of Great Lakes research》2020,46(4):1028-1035
Lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens were extirpated from the St. Louis River Estuary (SLRE) by the early 1900’s due to overfishing and habitat degradation. A restoration stocking program began in 1983, and continued almost annually until 2000. Lake sturgeon stocked into the SLRE were primarily obtained from the Wolf River (Lake Winnebago) genetic stock (n = 861,000) but some sturgeon were obtained from the Sturgeon River (Lake Superior) genetic stock (n = 61,380). Recently, spawning and natural recruitment has been documented near the Fond du Lac Dam, the upstream limit for lake sturgeon migrating from Lake Superior. However, the genetic origin of lake sturgeon spawning in the SLRE was unknown. Our objectives were to determine (1) the genetic origins and (2) genetic diversity of lake sturgeon spawning in the SLRE. Using both GENECLASS2 and ONCOR, a majority (79–81%) of lake sturgeon captured in the SLRE during spawning (2016–2018) assigned to the Wolf River genetic stock (Lake Winnebago) with greater than 80% probability using established microsatellites and a standardized genetic baseline. Other genetic stocks present (≥1%) included the Pic and Goulais rivers and possibly the Black Sturgeon River (identified using GENECLASS2, but not ONCOR); no fish assigned to the Sturgeon River using either method. Genetic diversity metrics showed that the SLRE lake sturgeon population was similar to other Lake Superior lake sturgeon populations. Overall, the SLRE Sturgeon population appears headed towards recovery. Adaptive management practices currently being employed should be continued to help guide further recovery of this population. 相似文献
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针对现有路基结构形式难以保证环境与经济效益俱佳的不足,提出了一种适应于山区陡坡地形的新型“桩-锚-框架”复合双层行车路基结构,并进行了该新型结构的静力模型试验研究。对通过数值手段选取的最优结构形式建立缩尺比例为1〖DK(〗∶〖DK)〗20试验模型。通过试验,测定了模型在静力荷载作用下,抗滑桩桩顶及边坡位移,分析了结构对边坡的支挡作用;测定了结构各部分的受力及变形情况,分析结构的静力稳定性及破坏形式;测定了预应力锚索作用下,桩后、桩底和基底土压力随荷载的变化情况及分布规律。试验结果表明,新型“桩-锚-框架”复合双层行车路基结构具有稳定性好、变形小、结构承载力高等优点。 相似文献
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以某工程为算例,分别选取合理板柱与梁板结构计算模型,按照相关规范进行大型广场在平时工况与战时工况顶板各构件承载力计算,并对其两种结构型式的受力性能分析对比,以总结出地下人防结构顶板的适用原则,为实际工程设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
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小高层建筑高度是多种结构体系的适用高度,结构抗震性能对设计中如何选择结构体系尤为重要。为研究小高层住宅在不同结构体系下的抗震性能,对某7度区11层普通塔式住宅楼分别设计成框架结构、框架-剪力墙结构和剪力墙结构,采用盈建科软件进行弹性计算,采用PERFORM-3D软件进行弹塑性时程分析。分析结果表明:三种结构体系均能满足大震下梁首选屈服,竖向受力构件不屈服;框架-剪力墙结构层间位移角控制较好,剪力分配情况没有明显改变;框架结构塑性耗能所占比例最高,剪力墙结构构件塑性耗能所占比例最少。三种结构体系均表现出良好的抗震性能。 相似文献
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随着小浪底水利枢纽工程建设的进展,如何将小浪底地区建设成为一个以水利工程为主体、富有特色的新型居民点,将是该地区发展中的一个战略性问题。本文从分析小浪底地区的功能性质、规模、环境特点入手,对该地区的规划结构、布局形态、风景资源开发和景物景区的组织提出了总体构思,并对建设过程中远近期结合问题,提出了建设性的设想。 相似文献
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为了更好地了解各向异性片岩隧道支护结构受力的分布特征规律,对武当群片岩隧道区不同片理面倾角的隧道围岩初期支护及二次衬砌承载特性展开了监控量测。通过对实测数据分析表明围岩稳定后二次衬砌分担的围岩荷载远大于初期支护分担的围岩荷载,大部分二次衬砌分担的围岩荷载比高达80%~90%,这导致部分断面已超过了相关规范中关于软岩支护结构承载比例的规定,对二次衬砌后续运营稳定性会产生较大影响;片岩隧道支护结构受力表现出明显的各向异性特征,当片理面倾角<45°时,随着片岩片理面倾角的增大,支护结构稳定时水平侧受力呈增加趋势;当片理面倾角>55°时,水平受力呈较陡减小趋势;隧道支护结构不同部位受力相差较大且具有明显的非对称性,片岩隧道围岩及支护受力均存在顺层偏压特性。 相似文献
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混合式交错桁架结构不宜用于高烈度地区,为了提高其抗震性能,采用ETABS分别对普通混合式和不同耗能段位置的新型交错桁架结构等4个算例进行弹性反应谱分析,提出了一种新型交错桁架结构?分析结果表明:新型交错桁架结构比混合式交错桁架结构有更好的抗震性能;耗能段设置在桁架上弦比下弦更为合理? 相似文献
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为准确、高效地评估高发频率、高烈变地震区水电站厂房钢-混框架结构静动力服役性态特征,结合模型试验、数值分析、方法评估等研究成果,重点进行了钢管组合柱复合服役性能试验研究与机理分析、钢-混凝土组合楼板服役性能试验与理论分析、钢-混凝土组合节点服役性能与安全承载分析试验研究与机理分析、钢-混凝土组合框架结构静动态服役性能研究、钢-混凝土组合框架结构抗冲击服役性能研究、大型组合框架结构服役性能优化分析。对水电站厂房框架结构服役性态研究方法,以及水电站厂房钢筋混凝土结构、水电站厂房钢-混凝土框架结构服役性态方面的研究进展进行了归纳,总结出钢-混凝土组合结构在水电站厂房框架结构中的发展与工程运用中存在的问题及需要推进的研究工作,旨在进行水电站厂房结构服役性能提升与安全保障技术研究。 相似文献
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采用三维非线性有限元方法分析深覆盖层上面板堆石坝防渗墙应力变形特性,覆盖层和坝体材料的本构关系采用邓肯-张E-B模型,在防渗墙和覆盖层之间设置接触摩擦单元以模拟两者之间的相互作用。通过建立的有限元模型分析了坝体分期筑坝、坝体填筑速度以及防渗墙施工顺序对墙体应力变形特性的影响,同时探讨悬挂式防渗墙的应力变形特性。计算结果表明:坝体分期填筑对防渗墙的应力变形特性影响较小;较快的施工速度将引起坝体竣工期防渗墙较大的应力变形,其中拉应力达到3 MPa,顺河向变形达到15 cm;防渗墙靠后的施工顺序可以使运行期防渗墙拉应力减小2.42 MPa,顺河向变形减小达85%;悬挂式防渗墙贯入深度越小,其应力变形特性越趋于安全稳定。 相似文献
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依据有关技术规范对薛峰水库大坝变形、渗流及环境量等工情监测项目、水情遥测预报以及闸门监控一体化系统进行了总体设计和自动化系统、监测仪器选型的探讨,同时按照经济合理、先进可靠的原则设计了水库工情监测、水情预报及闸门监控系统的测点布置。最后,对三位一体自动化系统预期目标进行了研究。 相似文献
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水击理论在进行水击计算时忽略管道结构的动态特性对水击压力的影响。这种忽略对于受很大约束的管道系统的水击计算是可行。但对于实际应用中最大量使用的弱约束管道系统,管道结构的运动和变形可能会对水击压力产生很大的影响。根据管道结构的运动和变形对水击压力的影响进行了研究,阐明了管道有压流系统中流体-结构相互作用的机理,论述了摩擦耦合、泊板耦合,接合部耦合和泊松接合部耦合4种形式,通过典型算例分别研究了管道的轴向运动、弯曲和扭转对水击压力的影响。发现轴向运动对水击压力的影响最大,而管道的弯曲和扭转对水击压力的影响较小。 相似文献
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U型衬砌渠道具有良好的整体性和冻胀适应性,但在冬季仍极易因土体冻胀而导致破坏。考虑渠基冻土与衬砌接触面冻结的非线性特性和冻土、混凝土材料的塑性特征,建立能分析渠道基土与衬砌间挤压、脱开及滑移等接触力学行为的渠道冻胀破坏热力耦合数值模型。以宝鸡峡灌区塬下北干渠为原型渠道,按照模型是否考虑接触分别进行冻胀数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明:考虑接触的模型模拟结果与原型实测值更相符,更能合理地解释U型渠道冻胀在渠底与阴坡衔接处冻胀量最小;考虑接触的混凝土塑性应变最大值是不考虑接触时的3.76倍;考虑接触的法向冻胀力和切向冻结力更均匀,最大值均减少1.5~3.0倍,应力集中现象减弱,更能反映混凝土衬砌板与渠基土之间的滑移变形与破坏准则的相互作用。研究结果为U型衬砌渠道冻胀破坏规律提供了分析方法。 相似文献
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本文分析了混凝土面板堆石坝面板健康状态的影响因素,建立了面板性态初级评估层次结构图,并利用综合赋权法确定了各因素的权重。以模拟退火算法(SA)和改进的层次分析法(AHP)作为主观赋权法,将检验判断矩阵的一致性问题改进为求解非线性优化问题,得到了更加稳定准确的主观权重。同时结合BP神经网络的客观赋权法,通过基础样本对网络进行训练,利用BP神经网络的自动赋权特点客观地得出了各因素的客观权重。结合实际工程,采用Matlab编写程序,展示了主客观权重的算法耦合,客观间接地评估了面板的状态。 相似文献