飞行员数字化三维人体模型研究

根据直升机仿真系统的特点,简化飞行员人体机械模型,列出参数化飞行员人体模型有限点测量数据变量,在CATIA V5软件平台上建立了数字化人体曲面几何模型.在此基础上建立运动学模型,可以应用于直升机人机工效设计和训练模拟等方面.     

飞机座舱航向操纵脚蹬的操纵仿真

要使人体模型能在工程设计中代替人体对设计中的工效提出要求或做出评价 ,就必须将人体模型运动数据与真人实验数据进行比较 ,在两者误差满足工程需要的前提下才可使用。利用美军飞行员人体数据计算人体模型脚行程 ,并与实测值进行比较 ,对所建人体模型脚的可达行程进行了验证。在此基础上利用中国飞行员人体数据 ,得出中国人体模型的脚运动行程 ,在座舱设计中使用。     

基于国标人体测量学数据的虚拟人缩放方法

具有准确人体测量学数据的虚拟人模型在虚拟制造和虚拟维修领域有重要的理论和现实意义。此外,根据某些人体测量学数据,参照典型的人体模型生成特定的虚拟人,即实现人体模型的参数化控制,对于合理地进行人机功效分析也有重要的应用价值。该文在分析我国成年人体测量学数据标准的基础上,通过研究Jack软件中人体模型表示方法和人体测量学数据之间的映射关系,提出了一种基于人体测量学数据的人体模型动态缩放方法。利用该方法在Jack软件中建立了基于国标人体测量学数据的人体模型动态缩放子系统。     

基于CATIA知识工程的车身总布置参数化人体模型

本文使用CATIA软件参数化及知识工程技术,将人体模型知识通过CATIA知识工程技术与人体模型产品融合起来,建立基于知识工程的车身总布置参数化人体模型,并给出了设计应用实例。结果表明建立的人体模型完全可以满足车身总布置设计的需要,提高了设计质量和设计效率,并在一定程度上实现了设计的智能化。     

面向工业设计的人体模型参数化研究

以人体测量学理论、人体尺寸国家标准、中国人解剖学数值为依据，建立了人体尺寸数据库，开发了以C Builder为编程环境的、面向工业设计用的参数化人体模型生成系统．分析了STL文件格式，编制了该系统与UG，3DSMAX等三维造型软件的接口程序．最后，利用该系统生成的人体模型来检测由UG制作的赛车驾驶室与人体尺寸是否协调．     

服装CAD中个性化三维人体建模

针对三维服装仿真中对各种不同体态特征的人体模型的需求,给出了一种个性化三维人体建模方法。首先对一系列具有不同特征尺寸的成年女性的人体扫描数据进行简化处理,建立具有一致拓扑的人体模型;然后根据不同人体的对应数据点及其相应的特征尺寸,生成各个简化数据点随特征尺寸变化的规律。利用此变化特性,对参考人体模型进行变形得到新尺寸下的人体模型。该方法已在所开发的三维虚拟试衣系统实现,并取得了较为理想的试验效果。     

基于C3D数据的人体模型逆向动力学仿真分析方法

基于AnyBody人体建模仿真分析软件,采用试验得到的动作捕捉格式数据C3D文件,研究人体逆向动力学仿真分析方法,给出C3D驱动AnyBody人体运动仿真分析时的操作步骤、报错分析及其解决方案。仿真结果表明:人体模型基本参数设置、C3D参数设置、关键点的拟合和足底压力板参数调节是实现人体模型动态分析的关键,其能有效提高人体模型逆向动力学仿真精度。     

基于Solidworks的人机工程学CAD二次开发

基于Solidworks造型平台,以VC++为二次开发工具研制了产品形态的人机工程学CAD软件。实现了人机工程学标准人体数据的查询、辅助设计人体模型的建立和人机信息的实时获取,并实现了通过人体模型对产品尺寸进行驱动设计的方法。文章介绍了该人机CAD软件模块的基本功能和结构,论述了各工具集具体功能的实现方法。     

Kinect动作捕捉到Gazebo人体模型数据转换的研究与开发

人机协作中人与机器人之间没有物理防护栅,存在碰撞风险,研究通过Kinect采集人体运动,在仿真软件Gazebo中分析工作空间中人与机器人之间的关系来防止碰撞。由于Kinect人体模型与Gazebo人体模型存在差异,将Kinect采集的人体运动数据以四元数形式存储在CSV文件中,通过编制转换软件,从而能够正确驱动Gazebo中人体模型运动,为将来实现人机协作的仿真研究奠定基础。     

基于条件先验人体模型的人体姿态估计

人体姿态估计算法中的人体模型是对人体部位或关节间外观和空间关联情况的数学描述。虽然当前已经有部分人体模型在建立时考虑到了部位或关节的空间定位会满足一定的先验分布，但却都将基于同样先验分布建立的人体模型用于不同待处理图片进行人体姿态估计，并没有考虑到不同图片中的实际定位对先验分布服从程度的不同。为此，提出了一种基于条件先验的人体模型，在人体模型中添加自适应调节参数，参数值根据待处理图片中关节可能定位与外观模型相似度的大小来确定，从而达到根据待处理图片自适应调节先验分布在计算关节定位概率时所起作用大小的目的。将基于条件先验的人体模型用于人体姿态估计，仿真实验表明，与现有基于先验的人体模型相比，所提人体模型用于人体姿态估计时获得了更高的估计准确度。     

Comparison of visibility measurement techniques for forklift truck design factors

This study applied the light bulb shadow test, a manikin vision assessment test, and an individual test to a forklift truck to identify forklift truck design factors influencing visibility. The light bulb shadow test followed the standard of ISO/DIS 13564-1 for traveling and maneuvering tests with four test paths (Test Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 6). Digital human and forklift truck models were developed for the manikin vision assessment test with CATIA V5R13 human modeling solutions. Six participants performed the individual tests. Both employed similar parameters to the light bulb shadow test. The individual test had better visibility with fewer numbers and a greater distribution of the shadowed grids than the other two tests due to eye movement and anthropometric differences. The design factors of load backrest extension, lift chain, hose, dashboard, and steering wheel should be the first factors considered to improve visibility, especially when a forklift truck mainly performs a forward traveling task in an open area.     

基于Poser的个性化人体模型运动仿真技术研究

根据服装工业对数字化动态人体模型的需要,提出了一种建立人体动态模型的新方法.该方法针对特定人体的三维扫描数据,用逆向工程软件Geomagic Studio实现个性化的三维人体NURBS曲面模型的构建,将完成后的人体曲面模型导入Poser软件,利用人体特征点确定关节位置, 建立相应的人体骨骼模型, 并将人体表面模型与骨骼模型相匹配,实现人体运动仿真.实验证明,所建立的人体动态模型在外观形状和运动姿态上具有较高的真实性, 操作简便,易于掌握.     

直升机座舱操纵装置舒适性建模与仿真

建立了完整的5自由度人体上肢舒适操纵优化模型。建模时综合考虑了人体上肢生理结构及其运动特性,提出了基于RULA方法的人体上肢舒适操纵优化模型的建模方法。基于层次化、模块化的建模原则,整个仿真模型最终在SimMechanics平台上得到了实现。采用测定直升机飞行员人体数据,与CATIA仿真结果对比,验证了模型的合理性和有效性,得出了平面布局内直升机总距杆操纵舒适度分布曲线,结果可为直升机座舱操纵界面优化设计提供参考。     

Anthropometry of male agricultural workers of western India for the design of tools and equipments

Agricultural workers and farmers in India perform most of the agricultural operations manually. Hence, for the design of farm equipments, hand tools and machinery involving human efforts, region specific anthropometric data is needed. A survey was conducted to collect anthropometric dimensions of male agricultural workers in the state of Maharashtra in India in the age group of 18–60 years. Almost 59 body dimensions were selected for the measurement from the recommendations by All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on Human Engineering and Safety in Agriculture (HESA) and requisite by digital human manikin modeling. Total 303 male agricultural workers were selected from 23 districts of Maharashtra by convenience sampling. Repeatability of the measurements was checked by paired samples t test. From the measured dimensions, the values of minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation (SD), standard error of mean (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV), 5th and 95th percentile values were determined. The results of the survey were compared with results of other regions of India and other countries.Relevance to industryThe anthropometric data of user population is very utile for the design/improvement of farm equipments/implements for agricultural workers in order to reduce drudgery, increase efficiency, safety and comfort.     

Infant life jacket donning trials using children and their parents: Comparison to the Canadian standard

IntroductionCanadian drowning rates for children are high and an increased demand for child flotation devices with novel designs is expected. This experiment was conducted to: 1) record the donning performance of life jackets on children/infants using the methods outlined in the Canadian standard; and 2) to compare the donning performance results to the previously reported results using a soft manikin.MethodFour different child life jackets were procured for evaluation. Adults and their children were recruited from the Halifax region to participate.ResultsFifty-five participants completed at least one donning trial with one of the four life jackets. Findings were in general agreement with the previous manikin study. Manikin testing showed consistent results with human testing for life jackets that are both well designed or poorly designed, but were not consistent for “mediocre” life jackets. Each sub-task added 10 s to the donning process. Incorrect donning was yet again caused by clips and ties that were not colour and/or size coded.Conclusions & recommendationsA manikin may be offered as an alternative for a human in the donning tests. For “mediocre” life jackets that fail the manikin test, a human test can always be used to clarify the situation.     

The influence of virtual human model appearance on visual ergonomics posture evaluation

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the appearance of virtual human models influences observers when judging a working posture. A task in which a manikin is manually assembling a car battery was used in the experiment. In total, 16 different pictures were presented to the subjects. All pictures had the same background, but included a unique posture and manikin appearance combination. 24 subjects consisting of manufacturing managers, simulation engineers and ergonomists were asked to rate and rank the pictures. The results showed that the virtual human model appearance influenced subjects when they rated pictures one by one: a more realistic manikin was rated higher than the identical posture visualized with a less natural appearance. This appearance effect was not seen when subjects ranked the pictures while looking at all of them at the same time. The study demonstrates that the human modelling tool used when showing and visually evaluating results makes a difference. To minimize subjective effects, a combination of visualizations and objective ergonomic assessment methods is recommended.     

Development of a set of Korean manikins

There is a difficulty in defining the 95% accommodation of a population for complex design problems when several body dimensions are involved. This study reports a method for constructing a family of manikins which are validated for population accommodation. They are analysed in terms of the interactions or relationships between the body dimensions' measurements. The proposed manikin family represents multivariate body measurements as a limited set of design alternatives. From the proposed method, a family of nine manikins is established to represent Korean males aged between 30 and 50 years to be used when determining workplace dimensions.     

Evaporative heat transfer characteristics of industrial safety helmets

Thermal discomfort is one of the major complaints from the wearers of industrial safety helmets. While studies have been reported on dry heat transfer (conduction, convection and radiation) in safety helmets, the investigation of wet heat dissipating (evaporation) properties has not been found in the literature. To evaluate experimentally the evaporative heat transfer characteristics of industrial safety helmets, a method was developed to simulate sweating of a human head on a thermal head manikin, and to use this manikin to assess the wet heat transfer of five industrial safety helmets. A thermal head manikin was covered with a form-fitting cotton stocking to simulate 'skin'. The skin was wetted with distilled water to simulate 'sweating'. A form-fitting perforated polyethylene film was used to cover the wetted stocking to control the skin wettedness at two levels, 0.64 and 1.0. Experiments were conducted in a climatic chamber, under the following conditions: the ambient temperature = head manikin surface temperature = 34 +/- 0.5 degrees C; ambient relative humidity 30% and 60%. Also, the effects of wind and a simulated solar heat load were investigated. The five helmets showed statistically significant difference in evaporative heat transfer under the experimental conditions. Skin wettedness, ambient humidity, wind and solar heat showed significant effects on evaporative heat transfer. These effects were different for the different helmets.