振动分析的有效工具--功率谱密度

功率谱密度是评价流通环境过程中随机振动的有效工具.阐述了功率谱密度的基本理论、如何获得功率谱密度;介绍了功率谱密度的具体应用.从而使流通环境中的振动分析更精确,更可靠.     

用功率谱密度函数评价光学面形中频误差特性

采用二维ＰＳＤ功率谱密度函数来评价光学元件面形中频波前．而这部分波前误差在传统的分析中被表示为"残余量"．它们产生的散射会严重地影响光学系统的成象质量。简要叙述了ＰＳＤ的计算方法及实验结果。     

三维表面微观形貌的二维功率谱表征

二维谱分析在工程表面的研究中是有效和实用的,在介绍二维快速傅里叶变换基本概念的基础上,推导出了二维功率谱、角谱和半径谱在三维表面形貌中的应用计算方法,并对一些有代表性的精加工表面试件进行了实验研究。结论表明,二维谱分析技术可以表征表面纹理的方向性和不同波长对表面粗糙度高度均方根的影响。     

基于功率谱密度的盲信号分离

提出一种新的基于功率谱密度的盲信号分离方法。该方法在传感器数与源数关系不明确情况下,且源信号相互独立时,直接通过混合信号功率谱密度函数比值求解混合阵,并通过混合阵判定观测信号是完备混合、超定混合还是欠定混合,由此进一步分离信号。理论分析、仿真数据证明了算法的有效性。同时还仿真了噪声对分离性能的影响。     

基于履带环影响和功率谱方法的履带车辆振动响应分析

为了准确描述履带车辆振动特性,在考虑履带环影响的条件下研究分析了履带车辆的振动响应.通过分析履带模型的约束关系和行驶系统拓扑结构,建立完整的履带车辆行驶系统动力学模型.建立基于弹性连续体履带的履带环模型,采用特征值分析的方法计算履带环的固有振动特性;采用功率谱方法对比分析了柔性履带模型与刚性履带模型仿真结果,验证履带对...     

基于功率谱密度的两瓶组车载供氢系统随机振动分析

目的为了确保氢能源汽车的使用安全性,研究氢能源汽车在行驶过程中,由路面凹凸不平和无规律性振动对能源供给装置的包装件-供氢系统随机造成的影响。方法通过Ansys Workbench有限元分析软件,采用模态叠加法,并输入GB/T4857.23—2012中的功率谱密度激励,对供氢系统进行随机振动分析。结果获得了在1σ,2σ,3σ下的应力与位移分布,得知最大应力发生在系统鞍座,而最大位移发生在系统框架。结论证明了氢系统的使用安全性,同时为今后的研究以及更多运输包装系统的PSD随机振动提供了依据和保障。     

隔震结构基于功率谱密度函数法的楼层反应谱分析

采用锥体模型求得地基基础阻抗函数,推导出非结构构件(NSC)的绝对加速度传递函数,利用随机振动理论,通过功率谱密度函数法(PSDF)建立楼层反应谱(FRS),并和人工合成地震波分析所得结果进行了对比.研究结果表明,PSDF法用较少计算量就可以得到相当准确的FRS,同时能与现行抗震规范很好的相结合.基础隔震结构NSC的峰值反应主要出现在隔震频率附近的低频段,增加隔震装置后土-结构相互作用(SSI)出现不同程度的削弱,在隔震频率段最为显著.     

高频振动方向和振幅测量的模糊图像处理方法

根据振动模糊图像和静止图像在频谱上存在的对应关系,即振动模糊图像频谱存在着对应于零阶贝塞尔函数零点的暗纹(贝塞尔条纹);提出对一幅振动模糊图像,经过二维傅里叶变换、灰度均衡以及Radon变换等步骤检测振动模糊图像频谱图上贝塞尔条纹的方向和位置,来实现振动方向和振幅测量的方法;试验证明可以实现平面内任意方向振动的测量,振幅测量精度亚像素级。     

基于数字图像相关方法的薄板结构振动功率流可视化

通过振动功率流法研究了薄板结构振动能量的传递特性,基于数字图像相关(DIC)方法对功率流进行可视化.结构振强定义为薄板结构单位截面上的功率流,考虑各方向上的内力及质点响应,其矢量场能够清楚指明功率流的大小和方向.通过对振强及其散度场的可视化,可以直观表征结构能量的传递路径及振源位置.基于实验方法的结构振强测量,涉及被测...     

基于ISTA功率谱密度的MATLAB随机过程时域样本再现

面向工程中典型性随机过程,基于频域功率谱密度(PSD)函数,分析和综合了平稳Gaussian过程的时域数值模拟方法,给出了Fourier变换法模拟、线性滤波法模拟、谐波叠加法模拟3种主要模型的数学原理、实现过程和应用特点,并结合ISTA功率普密度图进一步给出了从频域回复到时间域的方法,实现了频率域图谱在时间域上的仿真模拟.     

超精密车削单晶硅刀具振动频谱分析

为了在线监测单晶硅超精密车削的脆塑转变现象及分析单晶硅车削过程中材料的微纳去除方式,采用圆弧刃金刚石刀具对单晶硅（100）晶面进行了超精密车削,研究了单晶硅超精密车削时刀具振动频谱分布与切削参数的关系,并对刀具振动频谱的变化规律及其演变机理进行了分析.结果表明,刀具振动频谱分布与刀具和单晶硅接触方式、单晶硅微纳去除模式密切相关.当单晶硅的去除模式从脆性域过渡到塑性域时,材料由崩碎状脆性去除方式转变为以剪切滑移变形为主的塑性去除方式,刀具振动频谱高频段信号增多,且振动总能量增大;塑性域车削时,切削速度越小、切削深度越大、进给量越大,材料微观剪切变形区内位错滑移数量越多,刀具振动频谱高频段信号越多,刀具振动主总能量越大.切削速度、进给量、切削深度对刀具振动频谱分布的影响依次减小,采用合理的切削参数,可以降低切削系统的总体振动.     

Measurement and Analysis of Vibration Levels in Rail Transport in Central Europe

In the last decade, with a continued change in world economic conditions and global trade, transportation of goods has continued to increase. The opening of new and existing markets requires that products and packages move through various regions of the world using available logistical equipment and networks at a faster pace. It also requires that damage be kept at a minimum while providing maximum safety to individuals. This can be achieved by properly designing packages to transportation levels that occur in the supply chain. The purpose of this research is to both measure and analyse the vibration physical forces that occur during rail transport. Rail shipments are widely used across the world, and they are an integral part of the intermodal transfer of ISO containers from ships and trucks to rail. The aim of this paper is to provide vibration levels measured for rail shipments on a major railway line in Central Europe that has not been previously published. The vibration levels that were measured in this study were compared with American Society of Testing and Materials, United States Military Standards and United Kingdom Defense Standard standards and International Safe Transit Association procedures in the form of power spectral density spectrums. A composite power spectral density spectrum is provided which can be used to simulate the measured rail vibration levels in Central Europe. Results are also compared with rail travel in other international shipments for North America and Asia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Power Spectral Density Analysis of Pressure Fluctuation in Pneumatic Conveying of Powders

In order to reveal the unsteady features of gas–solid flow, the pressure fluctuations were measured at different locations along the length of the pipeline while conveying powders through the pipeline. Power spectral density (PSD) functions were obtained for the analysis of the pressure fluctuation. Two types of powders (fly ash and alumina) were used in this analysis. The PSD analysis was conducted by taking into account different aspects such as flow conditions (dilute or dense), location of transmitter (top and bottom transmitters), location of transmitter along the length of the pipeline (three different locations), material property (fly ash or alumina), etc. Analysis of signals from top and bottom transmitters shows that it is not possible to identify the flow mode at upper and lower portions of pipeline. The magnitude of power is found to be higher for alumina as compared to fly ash. PSD parametric analysis reveals that frequency bandwidth and average power decreases exponentially with increase in solid loading ratio.     

基于涡流成像的碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料细观结构可视化

对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）的细观结构成像方法进行了研究,利用涡流成像技术实现了CFRP层合板中纤维方向及纤维缺失、褶皱和空隙过大等缺陷的可视化。首先通过有限元仿真和电路理论分析了CFRP板中涡流的生成机制和分布特性,阐述了基于涡流法的CFRP细观结构成像机制。然后介绍了用于扫描成像的高频涡流检测（HF-ECT）实验系统并确定了涡流探头的形式及其参数。最后利用涡流成像技术分别对单层板、正交层合板和四方向斜交层合板进行了检测,绘制了涡流检测（ECT）信号的三维伪彩图并得到了清晰的纤维纹路分布。通过引入滤波去噪技术和二维快速傅里叶变换（2D-FFT）对图像进行进一步处理,提高了图像分辨率并完成了不同方向上纤维纹路的分离,从而实现对层合板每单向层中缺陷的精确定位。     

非负矩阵分解在地震作用下结构随机响应分析中的应用

地震动作为一类典型的非平稳随机过程可由演变谱刻画其能量的时-频分布。然而,演变谱的时-频耦合特性却限制了经典谱表示法的模拟效率。为提高非平稳地震动模拟效率,简化非平稳地震作用下结构随机响应分析,提出了基于非负矩阵分解(nonnegative matrix factorization,NMF)的地震动演变谱解耦方案,使结构在非平稳地震作用下的响应计算简化为各项均匀调制激励下的结构随机响应叠加。分析结果表明,基于非负矩阵分解的地震动演变谱解耦具有良好的精度,快速傅里叶变换技术的引入提高了经典谱表示法的模拟效率,模拟样本自相关函数与目标值吻合良好,非平稳地震作用下结构随机响应频域分析得到简化。     

Transient random interaction of dam reservoir systems

A simple gravity dam-reservoir system is selected for studying the interaction of structure-fluid systems under nonstationary random excitation. For an idealized random excitation with a zero start and a white power spectrum, the transient response mean square for the structural displacement is obtained by a simple time domain approach. Using this transient solution the random interaction effect is examined in detail. This transient interaction effect is important because it simulates random and time dependent earthquake ground accelerations.     

Advances in piezoelectric thin films for acoustic biosensors,acoustofluidics and lab-on-chip applications

Recently, piezoelectric thin films including zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium nitride (AlN) have found a broad range of lab-on-chip applications such as biosensing, particle/cell concentrating, sorting/patterning, pumping, mixing, nebulisation and jetting. Integrated acoustic wave sensing/microfluidic devices have been fabricated by depositing these piezoelectric films onto a number of substrates such as silicon, ceramics, diamond, quartz, glass, and more recently also polymer, metallic foils and bendable glass/silicon for making flexible devices. Such thin film acoustic wave devices have great potential for implementing integrated, disposable, or bendable/flexible lab-on-a-chip devices into various sensing and actuating applications. This paper discusses the recent development in engineering high performance piezoelectric thin films, and highlights the critical issues such as film deposition, MEMS processing techniques, control of deposition/processing parametres, film texture, doping, dispersion effects, film stress, multilayer design, electrode materials/designs and substrate selections. Finally, advances in using thin film devices for lab-on-chip applications are summarised and future development trends are identified.