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1.
1.  The arch dam of the Khudoni hydrostation can be constructed by the continuous conveyor technology as enlarged blocks.
2.  The rate of concreting the dam for the proposed dimensions of the blocks and times of covering them can reach 200–250 m3/h.
3.  To attain the indicated rate of concreting, it is necessary to construct near the dam site a new concrete plant with facilities for cooling or heating the concrete mix.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 13–14, August, 1990.  相似文献   

2.
Conclusions  
1.  The expediency of hydraulic-fill grading of marshy coastal territories and city dumps for housing construction and recreation park and beach zones was proved practically.
2.  Underwater coastal borrow pits in the shallow-water zone can be used for direct dredging of soil.
3.  In the absence of sand borrow pits, fine-grained loamy sand soils can be used for hydraulic filling the construction sites.
4.  To operate dredges on large water areas under conditions of violent wind-wave action, it is necessary to work out a special works organization plan taking into account the preservation of supply lines, machines, and crew during a storm and under ice conditions in the winter.
5.  The possibility of using the ash of heat and power plants for engineering grading of a marshy territory for housing construction on a pile foundation was proved.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 9, pp. 29–33, September, 1997.  相似文献   

3.
1.  To reduce the cost and construction time of hydro developments, it is necessary to introduce more widely continuous concreting technologies. Concreting of heavily reinforced and thin-walled structures and members is most effectively done with cast concrete mixes by means of modern concrete pumps.
2.  As a result of experimental investigations of pipeline delivery of mixes by BN-80-20 concrete pumps, the values of the specific resistances during pumping of various compositions of the mixes and the local resistances of quick-disconnecting pipe connections were determined; recommendations were developed for calculating the distance of pipeline transport of the mixes by the concrete pumps; the values of Kf, the volume filling of the transport cylinders of the concrete pump with the plasticized concrete mix, and Kd, the inertial component of the pressure during displacement of the mix, were refined.
3.  The two-year experience of using the means (conveyors, concrete pumps) of craneless technology of placing concrete for construction of the powerhouse of the Shul'binsk hydro development showed that even with the high price and underutilization of the potential possibilities of the equipment and mechanisms, a considerable savings was obtained due to shortening of the construction time and start-up of the first unit of the hydrostation ahead of schedule.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 38–43, October, 1990.  相似文献   

4.
1.  Provision for stability of slopes is one of the main problems in designing plains PSHS.
2.  The reasons for occurrence and a chain reaction of development of landslide phenomena on the south slope of the area of basic structures of the Zagorsk PSHS were peculiarities of its engineering-geological structure that were not properly taken into account in designing and carrying out construction work.
3.  For the purpose of stabilizing the landslide slope, a system of engineering measures was developed and implemented, including a change in the configuration and structure of the right-bank abutment of the upper-basin levee to the water intake, construction of a banquette, filling of a counterbanquette, draining of moraine loams, grading of the slope, surface water diversion, and monitoring of the state of the slope and elements of the antilandslide protection.
4.  Data from full-scale observatins indicate the effectiveness of the antilandslide measures that were performed and a state of the slope corresponding to criteria for the hydro development's safe operation.
5.  Innovative elements of the system of measures to stabilize the south landslide slope of the Zagorsk PSHS are:
–  the complex nature of measures, providing for the optimum set of criteria with respect to reliability, technological efficiency, construction time, and cost of adjusted expenditures;
–  minimization of one-time and total excavation for the banquette, providing for the least disruption of the slope in the process of construction;
–  draining of moraine loams, which has no known analog;
–  the use of an ejector unwatering system, which provides for minimum adjusted expenditures on construction and operation of the drainage system.
Deceased.  相似文献   

5.
1.  The use of unheated coarse aggregates in concrete is permissible with respect to heat-balance conditions in the majority of cases, even in regions of the Far North.
2.  The use of unheated coarse aggregates under construction conditions is possible if there is no danger of their freezing together with loss of granular properties. These requirements are met to the maximum degree: a) in regions with a limited amount of precipitation, stable air temperatures during the winter, and minimum number of transitions of the air temperature through 0°; b) at construction sites with local quarries and crushing-grading and concrete plants operating in close proximity with maximally limited intermediate stockpiles of aggregates.
3.  The use of unheated coarse aggregates under construction conditions should not be allowed if there is the danger of freezing together of the aggregates with their loss of granular properties. It is necessary to provide for the possibility of thawing coarse aggregates by a simplified one-stage scheme with heating to 3–5°C.
4.  In the case where there is the danger of freezing together of only the fine sandy gravel (rubble), these fractions can be thawed and used with the other fractions of coarse aggregate without heat treatment.
5.  During curing of the concrete the danger of an ice surfacing forming on the outer surfaces of grains up to 120 mm in size is eliminated if a positive temperature of the concrete mix is provided at the outlet to the mixer (mean volume temperature) and when arriving at the block for placement.
6.  The qualitative characteristics of the coarse-aggregate concrete with grain sizes to 120 mm, natural content to 1.5%, and temperature to minus 25–30°C with heating of the sand and water to temperatures determined by the conditions of the overall heat balance are not inferior to those for concrete prepared according to the existing winter technology with heat treatment of all components of the concrete mix except the cement.
7.  When using unheated coarse aggregates, heating of the sand in fluidized-bed and air-flow devices or air-spout dryers can be considered the most promising methods of heat treatment of the sand, providing it with a stable temperature and water content.
There presently exist real prerequisites for introducing at many construction sites the technology of preparing concrete with unheated coarse aggregates, which will greatly simplify the concrete plant and reduce investments, operating costs, and labor consumption at on many concreting sites.  相似文献   

6.
1.  The development and mastering of the high-speed tiered method of constructing arch dams on the construction of the Miatla hydrostation provide a high rate of construction with observance of the design requirements imposed on the quality and reliability of the structures. Successful completion of the construction of the Chirkey and Miatla arch dams, their normal behavior under a load indicate the possibility of the wide use of this most economical class of retaining structures.
2.  It is expedient to examine the problem of increasing the quality of arch dams and expanding the geography of using this economical class of structures, considerably shortening the time of creating hydro developments with the use of tiered technology.
3.  Further investigations and developments should be aimed at creating quickly repairable concrete beneficiation facilities, highly mechanized systems as part of the cable cranes, conveyor systems, and means of intrablock mechanization providing a further increase in the rate of high-speed construction of arch dams.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 24–26, March, 1989.  相似文献   

7.
1.  In certain cases of constructing dams salt-containing soils serve as their foundation.
2.  Under these conditions reliable operation of the structures can be provided only by developing special engineering measures to control dissolution.
3.  All existing methods of protecting saliferous foundation soils of hydraulic structures from dissolution can be divided into passive, active, and combined.
4.  The combined methods should be considered the most effective for preventing removal of salts from foundation soils by the seepage flow.
5.  Large-scale field investigations of the work of the combined method of protecting saliferous foundation soils of the planned Lower Kafirnigan hydro development showed its high effectiveness even in the case of complex engineering-geological conditions at the construction site.
6.  Individual elements of the set of dissolution protective measures investigated under field conditions can be used in hydrotechnical and hydropower construction practice.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 10–14, October, 1994.  相似文献   

8.
1.  The hydraulic projects awarded prizes by the Council of Ministers of the USSR in 1976 solve a set of critical national-economic problems and are distinguished by high cost effectiveness.
2.  Structures distinguished by originality and progressiveness of technical solutions, which ensure their reliable operation, have been constructed as the result of a set of scientific-research and design studies. This was made possible only by the close creative understanding and interaction between the scientific-research, planning, construction, and operating organizations.
3.  In building hydraulic structures, all the more attention is focused on industrial aesthetics. The architectural-planning solutions of the prizewinning projects are new, represent examples of the progressive development of industrial architecture, and have obtained widespread public recognition.
4.  The bold and economic solutions relative to the organization of the passage of flood waters over incomplete structures merit attention; this makes it possible to reduce the volumes of the enclosing foundation pits of the cofferdams, or eliminate them entirely.
5.  The experience gained with the design and construction of the prizewinning projects should be studied in detail and publicized for purposes of utilization in subsequent design and construction.
  相似文献   

9.
1.  Small hydrostations under high-mountain conditions should operate with trash racks, devices should be provided for their cleaning from trash and shuga, as well as shuga-deflectors into the diversion canal.
2.  To reduce abrasion of the turbine equipment, it is necessary to provide operation of the suspended-particle settling basins.
3.  Specifications on the assembly of bearings and movable couplings should be developed for conducting maintenance works.
4.  During restoration works the profile of the runner blades should be made strictly according to the template in conformity with the plant drawings.
5.  Extremely necessary is the equipping of hydrostation with means for monitoring the technial parameters (bearing temperature, water pressure in the passage, wobble of the shafting, etc.), observation of the changes in which will make it possible to carry out in good time preventive maintenance and to reduce the probability of occurrence of breakdown.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 3, pp. 43–45, March, 1990.  相似文献   

10.
Conclusions  The Zagorsk PSS—the first pumped storage stations with a capacity of 1200 MW—was constructed slowly, for a long time. The main reasons for this were:
1.  Location of the site in an industrially developed district, near Moscow, with the assumption of the rapid formation and use of available construction facilities did not prove to be correct. Administrative restrictions in welcoming skilled personnel to the construction project did not foster a build-up of the team. A residential village and construction facilities were fully needed, as on any construction project.
3.  Counting on the use of local borrow pits in the Moscow region was not justified: the inert materials were not suitable for hydrotechnical concrete of high frost resistance and strength.
3.  Inadequate engineering-geologic surveys during planning led to late landslide-control measures and to an increase of the volume of CAWs.
4.  When determining the construction time the climatic conditions in the zone of the construction site were underestimated: the number of days without precipitation is 175, not more. The main cause of the wrong design construction time was the incorrect determination of the estimated cost of the CAWs.
5.  Construction of a large hydro development, as the Zagorsk PSS, by the work-effort method with the enlistment of a large number of organizations from different regions of the country did not promote the formation of a stable team at the construction site.
6.  The management of Mosénergo made the right decision: from the examined 10 variants of the next pumped-storage station in the Central region was selected the variant of constructing the Zagorsk PSS-2 where a team of builders took shape after long years, where there are a residential village and construction facilities, and solid experience has been acquired. This will make it possible to shorten the construction time and to reduce the cost of an installed 1 kW of the PSS.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 13–16, October, 1999.  相似文献   

11.
Conclusions  
1.  Russian hydropower engineering is a competitive branch of power engineering on the world market.
2.  The Russian Ministry of Fuel and Energy must create conditions for the formation and participation of domestic consortia in bids for turn-key delivery of equipment to Russian hydrostations, which will make it possible to reduce the cost, shorten construction time, improve quality, and ensure putting the units into operation on time, i.e., to use objective market mechanisms.
3.  On the initiative of the customer, certain conditions of storing, making up complete orders, delivery, and technology of installing equipment traditionally established between the customer and equipment suppliers should be revised by means of consortia for purposes of reducing costs and improving quality.
4.  One of the most important conditions for the successful work of the consortium is the clear-cut differentiation of responsibility between participants of the consortium.
5.  The date of synchronizing the unit should be taken as the date of reckoning the warranty period of the equipment.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 7–9, October, 1997.  相似文献   

12.
1.  Investigations showed that when constructing dams of fine-grained silty soils by hydraulic filling, it is expedient to use the technology of layerwise placement of soil with consolidation of each layer.
2.  Dependences are given for calculating the thickness of the layers and period of consolidation of the soil on the basis of investigations of the dynamics of the hydrophysical properties of these soils in relation to technological factors.
3.  Dependences are also proposed for predicting the density of the hydraulic-filled soil during construction, as well as the distribution of soil in the profile of the structure.
4.  A method is proposed for calculating the technological parameters, in particular, the rate of construction of hydraulic-fill structures, calculating the size and number of the hydraulic-fill plots referred to one dredge, and prediction of the seepage discharge into the foundation of the dams during their hydraulic filling.
5.  The proposed calculation methods make possible a more substantiated approach to the design of hydraulic-fill structures of fine-grained silty soils and technology of their construction.
Translated from Gidrotekhicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 6, pp. 5–9, June, 1990.  相似文献   

13.
1.  For design of the antifiltration components in the karstic rock, the entire potentially karstic mass was usually closed off with curtains.
2.  The constructed complex of antifiltration components, consisting of a grout curtain, concrete-filled karst hollows, and local concrete crosscut walls corresponds to the difficult geologic conditions of the Chain-N'yan massif.
3.  The adopted work organization, with construction of tunnels cutting across the entire karst mass, simultaneous rock grouting, and more precise determination of the geomorphology made it possible to considerably reduce the proposed volumes and costs of the antifiltration components of the Hoabinh hydraulic development.
4.  The adopted scheme for providing a working face for the antifiltration measures at El. 133 m was the optimal. It opportunely permitted ensuring readiness of the high-head front for filling the reservoir to El. 112 m in November 1990, and to the NPL at El. 125 m in September 1991.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 6, pp. 29–35, June, 1991.  相似文献   

14.
1.  An on-site examination of the damageability of polymer-film skins and measurements of the seepage leakage made it possible to estimate the apparent permeability coefficient of such skins with relatively small damageability P<=0.05% by=" the=" quantity=">–3, m/day.
2.  Maximum damageability of polymer-film skins is formed due to the use of machines — bulldozers leveling the soil of the protective layer and vehicles delivering these soils.
3.  Introduction of mechanisms making it possible to place the protective layer of soil on the film element without traveling on the skin makes it possible to substantially reduce the damageability of polymer-film skins and their permeability.
4.  A reduction of damageability and permeability of polymer-film skins can be achieved by improving its construction and, in particular, by introducing bituminous and geotextile pads covering the film element of the skin on top and below, introduction of a second layer of film covering, and also by providing a drainage system of the protective layer.
Deceased.  相似文献   

15.
1.  Effective designs of floated-in blocks of a TPS with a one- and two-tier arrangement of the turbines were developed on the basis of a unit with an orthogonal turbine.
2.  Layouts were obtained with the use of blocks of the proposed design for a TPS making possible a radical reduction of capital expenditures and construction time.
3.  It is expedient to develop the layouts and designs at the detailed design level, as well as with respect to the construction of river low-head hydroelectric stations.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 11–13, February, 1992.  相似文献   

16.
Conclusions  
1.  At the current stage of hydrotechnical construction designs of structures constructed with the complete or maximum use of natural materials and providing complete mechanization of the construction and repair of structures can be most effective.
2.  It is necessary to begin immediately experimental laboratory studies and to provide standards on the use of natural materials of the sand-gravel mixture type in designs of hydraulic structures.
3.  It is necessary to begin exploration of potential deposits of SGMs and to calculate their reserves.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 17–20, October, 1999.  相似文献   

17.
Conclusions  
1.  Gidrospetsproekt should design the groundwater system.
2.  One contractor should drill the wells and operate the groundwater-lowering system.
3.  In connection with the geological conditions, the wells should be of very high quality, for which own enrichment of the filter material (sand of the blanket) and strict control during drilling the wells are necessary.
4.  It is efficient to drill the wells by a 1BA-15V rig with a tool with backwashing.
5.  With respect to piles of the penstock foundation: Drilling the holes for the piles should be done only with casings. To organize 24-h work for increasing productivity. Works on forming the pile heads should be done immediately after concreting the pile. The piles should be tested after each change in the geological conditions.
6.  With respect vertical drainage: the wells should be of high quality, with an enormous safety margin.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 29–33, October, 1999.  相似文献   

18.
1.  Sludge storage ponds can be located on any foundation soils, but economic calculations should be made for selecting the site.
2.  In the presence of seismic conditions, it is necessary to remove weak soils within the shoulder in order to provide its stability with a steepness of the downstream slope up to m=5. Other methods providing stability of the shoulder can also be used with appropriate technical and economic substantiation.
3.  The stability and possible liquefaction of soils of the shoulder should be determined only according to the guide Consideration of seismic loads when designing hydraulic structures, which is the only standard with respect to this problem.
4.  The size of the hydraulic-fill beach is determined on the basis of the particle-size distribution of the slurry.
5.  The permissible minimum width of the hydraulic-fill beach is determined on the basis of calculating the stability of the shoulder.
6.  It is necessary to recommend the construction of a siphon intake (discharge) located on the bank of the settling pool, which gives a more reliable and economical solution.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 12, pp. 53–55, December, 1991.  相似文献   

19.
1.  One of the new approaches to the use of wave power plants can be their use as a source of compressed air for operating a pneumatic breakwater.
2.  The use of wave power plants for protecting marine hydraulic structures from the effect of storm loads makes it possible to increase the cost effectiveness both of the WPPs themselves and of the hydraulic structures.
3.  A rough estimate of the cost of wave power plants shows their effectiveness as a source of electrical energy for remote regions of the USSR.
4.  The simplicity of the design of wave power plants enables organizing their mass production at shipyards or at the site of construction.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 2, pp. 7–10, February, 1992.  相似文献   

20.
1.  For the first time in Russia a submersible axial-flow dredge pump was developed and tested for installation as a first-stage pump on dredges to reduce the negative pressure before the hold dredge pump and to increase its positive suction head.
2.  The use of the axial-flow dredge pump permits increasing the output of the dredge and depth of excavating the underwater borrow pit. With respect to power consumption the axial-flow pipe is 2–3 times more economical than ejection.
3.  The small mass of the pump permits mounting it on existing dredges without their alteration.
4.  Development and perfection of this direction is quite prospective for hydraulicking.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 10, pp. 14–17, October, 1995.  相似文献   

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