基于局部纹理描述算子的手掌静脉身份识别

由于手掌生理结构特性和采集环境因素影响,手掌静脉识别系统中所获取图像容易出现噪声过大、光照不均匀等现象,导致识别性能降低.为了解决这一实际问题,提出一种基于局部纹理描述算子的掌脉识别方法.首先使用Gamma校正、DoG滤波、对比度均衡等手段对掌脉图像进行预处理,降低光照影响.然后将掌脉图像分成互不重叠的区块,使用局部三值模式(LTP)提取每一小块的纹理特征,并加以融合,最后利用卡方距离进行匹配识别.在香港理工大学接触式掌脉图库和自建的非接触式掌脉图库上进行实验测试,结果表明,当图像分块大小为16×16像素时,本方法获得了最高的正确识别率,分别为99.981 6％,99.299 4％,优于其他典型方法,提升了掌脉识别系统的性能,增强了系统的鲁棒性,具有实际应用价值.     

基于特征参量空间的掌脉识别方法研究

非接触式采集是手掌静脉识别的主流,但其低约束性可能导致掌静脉存在平移、旋转和比例缩放,同时,手掌过度伸展可能导致部分静脉分布信息丢失,这些都可能影响掌脉识别结果.针对以上问题,提出一种新的掌静脉特征识别方法.首先,获取靠近指根部的手掌内切圆,利用内切圆内静脉交叉点和内切圆圆心定义相对半径及相邻夹角参数;其次,由相对半径和角度参数建立二维特征向量空间,将静脉交叉点转换成该特征向量空间内的一系列特征点;最后,计算特征点间的特征向量距离作为匹配点对的判断依据,根据匹配点对的比例得到匹配率.通过自建的掌静脉图库和CASIA图库对算法性能进行验证,分别得到等误率0.97％和4.98％.结果表明,该方法在手掌静脉产生比例缩放、旋转和平移后仍可获取较好的识别效果,同时具有特征点提取容错性.     

采用纹理近邻模式的掌静脉生物特征识别研究

针对传统局部二值模式(LBP)只以固定的中心像素为阈值的编码方式进行了改进,从纹理分析角度,提出一种基于近邻模式的掌脉身份识别方法,主要利用局部区域相邻像素之间的灰度大小关系,对掌脉图像进行近邻二值模式(NBP)编码。首先将手掌静脉图像分成若干大小一致的区块,然后计算每一区块的灰度平均值,形成多块均值图像,进一步使用NBP对多块均值图像进行编码,最后利用汉明距离进行匹配。采用CCD图像传感器设计了光学仪器,在实际应用环境下获取掌脉图像建立图库,并在香港理工大学(Poly U)接触式公用图库和自建非接触图库上与目前典型和流行方法进行了对比实验,结果显示该方法在8×8区块划分情况下在2个图库上获得了最低等误率(EER)分别为0.698 3%和1.603 6%,识别时间为0.122 7 s和0.124 2s,显示出方法的可行性和有效性,具有应用前景。     

基于序列图像提取稳定特征点的虹膜识别算法

为了尽可能降低不稳定特征点对识别率的影响,研究提出了基于序列图像提取稳定特征点的虹膜识别算法.该算法首先用二维Gabor滤波器对序列虹膜图像提取特征编码,然后对该序列特征编码求交集以提取稳定特征点,并利用这些稳定特征点建立虹膜的特征模板库,最后通过计算相似度,获得识别结果.在实验室采集的序列虹膜图库上,当等错率为0.3017%,分类阈值为0.6402时,正确识别率可以达到99.73%.实验证明该算法是有效、可行的,并更好地提高了虹膜的分类精度和改善了虹膜的识别性能.     

基于仿射尺度不变特征变换的掌纹识别

相比传统接触式采集方法,非接触采集是目前掌纹识别的趋势和主流,但其低约束性可能导致人手和图像传感器平面不平行,从而使掌纹产生仿射变形.传统的尺度不变特征变换(scale invariant feature transform,SIFT)对此识别效果不佳.针对这个问题,提出一种改进方案,即基于仿射尺度不变特征变换(affine scale invariant feature transform,ASIFT)的掌纹识别方法,建立了变形掌纹的仿射模型,模拟了相机光轴的经度角和纬度角,在仿射空间内提取图像特征.通过基于实际环境所建立的掌纹库——SUT图库验证算法性能,与SIFT算法及目前典型的掌纹识别方法进行对比.结果表明,ASIFT方法具备良好的抗掌纹仿射变形性能,等误率仅为0.6％,证明了该方法能够成功解决掌纹变形问题,鲁棒性和稳定性强,具备优越性.     

基于人手自然张开的多生物特征识别

手形和掌纹作为人手重要的生物特征可以用来进行身份识别.在人手自然张开、非接触式的采集条件下,基于手形识别匹配速度快和掌纹识别的识别率高的优点,采用基于匹配层的手形和掌纹融合方法,克服了单一手形识别的识别率低和掌纹识别匹配速度慢的缺点.手形采用手指的相对长度作为特征矢量,掌纹采用2D-Gabor对掌纹感兴趣区域(ROI)进行滤波,提取掌纹纹线的方向信息作为特征.在混合图库上进行实验,二者相结合的组合识别方法的识别率达到98.57％,减少了匹配时间.同时也研究了对于不同距离采集的手掌图像,实验结果表明手形和掌纹相结合的组合识别方法优势更为明显.     

LST变换和手部几何特征融合的模糊掌纹识别

为了解决非接触采集时的离焦状况容易导致掌纹图像出现模糊现象,从而造成识别系统的性能降低的问题,在建立模糊模型并分析模糊现象机理的基础上,提出了一种新的解决方案.使用拉普拉斯平滑变换(laplacian smoothing transform,LST)提取模糊掌纹的低频系数作为稳定特征,提取手部几何特征即手指相对长度和宽度作为特征向量,将LST特征和几何特征进行融合,最后利用特征向量之间的欧式距离进行匹配和分类.在自建的SUT-D模糊掌纹图库上的测试结果表明该算法等误率可达7.01％,与融合之前及其他典型识别方法相比,等误率最高可降低13.11％,显示出该算法具备有效性,为解决模糊掌纹的识别问题提供了一条可行途径.     

基于双线性模板和分块策略的虹膜色素斑检测

本文色素斑是一种重要的虹膜特征纹理。然而,由于该纹理颜色深浅不一,形状各异,因此如何从具有复杂背景的可见光虹膜图像中检测出该纹理仍然是目前亟待解决的一个难题。提出一种基于双线性模板和分块策略的可见光虹膜色素斑检测方法,首先使用两个不同长度的线性模板来提取虹膜上所有不同类型的特征纹理;然后,采用分块策略得到一个能描述该纹理灰度分布特征的特征向量;最后,使用BP神经网络实现对色素斑纹理的检测。该算法对图库中色素斑纹理检测的正确率达到81.25%,对非色素斑纹理的正确识别率达到83.97%,总的正确检测率达到83.23%。实验结果表明,该方法能够从背景复杂的可见光虹膜图像中检测出色素斑纹理,为虹膜的特征提取提供了一个新的思路。     

基于类内分块PCA方法的人脸表情识别

主成分分析方法（PCA）是目前广泛应用在人脸等图像识别领域的重要手段。为了更准确地识别人脸的表情信息,有效抽取出图像中对表情识别贡献较大的局部特征,提出了一种类内分块PCA方法对人脸表情进行特征提取。首先对图像进行分块,再对分块得到的所有子图像块利用PCA方法进行鉴别分析,并计算出各类训练样本的子空间,然后计算测试样本到各类子空间的距离,最后输入最近邻分类器得到分类结果。在JAFFE人脸表情库上进行的实验结果表明,使用该方法后获得的识别率优于传统的PCA方法。     

手形、掌纹和掌静脉多特征融合识别

单一生物特征识别技术无论是在识别率还是稳定性上都不能达到完美无缺,特别是高仿生物特征的出现使其安全性受到质疑。针对上述问题,提出一种手形、掌纹和掌静脉多特征融合识别方法。提出了基于小波变换Gabor滤波器的特征层和图像层融合策略,将同一设备不同光照采集下的掌纹和掌静脉融合到一起,突出各自的主纹理特征;利用手指相对长度为手形特征进行初匹配,提出利用分块纹理基元模型进行掌纹和掌静脉融合图像的特征提取方法,然后进行二次匹配给出最终识别结果。开发了模拟系统并进行了相应的实验,结果表明该识别系统充分发挥了3种特征各自的优点,提高了识别率和稳定性,特别是掌静脉的加入增强了系统的安全性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.