CO/N2/CO2在MOF-74(Ni)上吸附相平衡和选择性

主要研究了MOF-74(Ni)材料对CO/N₂/CO₂的吸附分离性能。应用水热法合成制备MOF-74(Ni),分别采用全自动表面积吸附仪、P-XRD、扫描电子显微镜对材料的孔隙结构和晶体形貌进行了表征,应用静态吸附法测定了CO、N₂和CO₂在MOF-74(Ni)上的吸附等温线,应用DSLF方程模拟了3种气体MOF-74(Ni)上的吸附等温线,依据IAST理论模型计算了MOF-74(Ni)对CO/N₂二元混合物和CO/CO₂二元混合物的吸附选择性。研究结果表明:在0.1 MPa和常温条件下,MOF-74(Ni)材料对CO吸附容量高达6.15 mmol·g^-1,而相同条件下N₂的吸附量只有0.86 mmol·g^-1。MOF-74(Ni)在低压下(0～40 kPa)对CO的吸附量明显高于其对CO₂的吸附量。应用IAST模型估算MOF-74(Ni)对二元混合物吸附选择性的结果表明:MOF-74(Ni)对CO/N₂混合物的吸附选择性在1000以上;MOF-74(Ni)对CO/CO₂的吸附选择性在4～9范围,在所研究的二元气体混合物吸附体系中,MOF-74(Ni)都能优先吸附CO。     

CH4/C2H6/C3H8在MOF-505@5GO上吸附相平衡和选择性

应用溶剂热法合成了不同氧化石墨烯（GO）负载量的MOF-505@GO复合材料,分别采用全自动表面积吸附仪、P-XRD、SEM和Raman对材料进行了性能表征,测定了CH₄、C₂H₆和C₃H₈在MOF-505@GO上的吸附等温线,并进行Langmuir-Freundlich方程拟合,依据IAST理论模型计算了C₂H₆/CH₄和C₃H₈/CH₄二元混合气在MOF-505@5GO上的吸附选择性。研究结果表明,随着GO负载量增大,MOF-505@GO复合材料的孔容及BET比表面积先增大后减小,当GO负载量为5%（质量）时,复合材料MOF-505@5GO的孔容及BET比表面积达到最大,当GO负载量进一步增大至8%（质量）和10%（质量）时,复合材料的孔容及BET比表面积逐渐降低。在0.1 MPa和298 K条件下,MOF-505@5GO对CH₄、C₂H₆和C₃H₈的吸附容量分别为0.88、4.81和5.17 mmol·g^-1,相比MOF-505分别提高了14.9%、30.7%和13.1%。MOF-505@5GO对C₂H₆/CH₄和C₃H₈/CH₄的吸附选择性分别为40.1和3056.1,其对C₂H₆/CH₄和C₃H₈/CH₄具有极高的吸附选择性。     

锆基金属有机骨架材料用于氨吸附性能的研究

近年来,金属有机骨架材料（MOF）在气体吸附和储存领域得到了迅速发展,但由于结构的不稳定性,其在强腐蚀性气体氨（NH₃）的吸附方面并不令人满意。考虑到NH₃是唯一的无碳排放的氢能源载体,开发高效的储氨技术来载氢是有效的降低二氧化碳排放的手段。利用MOF材料具有的高比表面积和结构多样的特性,在NH₃的吸附和储存方面具有广阔的应用前景。而NH₃具有孤对电子,会攻击金属与配体之间形成的配位键,使MOF材料的结构遭到破坏。锆基金属有机骨架材料是公认结构稳定性较好的MOF材料,但其是否能胜任干燥NH₃及含水条件下的稳定性仍未深入考察,由此需探究该系列材料在NH₃吸附领域的适用性。在此,通过实验和计算模拟研究锆基系列的金属有机骨架UiO-66、NU-1000、MOF-801和 MOF-808的结构特征、稳定性和NH₃吸附性能。结果表明,UiO-66、NU-1000和MOF-808在纯NH₃环境下的稳定性较好,并且显示出高吸附量且可循环的氨吸附性能（13.04、6.38、9.65 mmol/g）。受限于水和氨对结构的协同破坏作用,NU-1000和MOF-801的结构均不能维持,而UiO-66和MOF-808的结构非常稳定,无论在干燥NH₃环境及含水NH₃环境下均能胜任而应用于NH₃吸附和储存。     

Zn2+配位双模板印迹聚合物的制备表征及同时萃取升麻中的阿魏酸和咖啡酸

以Zn²⁺-阿魏酸-咖啡酸配合物为模板制备了双分子印迹聚合物,优化了制备条件,用傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电镜对分子印迹聚合物进行结构表征,测试了分子印迹聚合物的吸附特性,探讨了分子印迹聚合物固相萃取应用效能并对萃取条件进行了优化.结果表明,当预反应混合液中金属离子、模板总量(阿魏酸-咖啡酸摩尔比为2:3)、功能单体及交联剂用量比为1:1:3:30(摩尔比)时,所得印迹聚合物对两种模板(阿魏酸和咖啡酸)均具有最好的吸附性能,吸附量分别达51.12mg/g和70.26mg/g.吸附动力学测试表明吸附3h,分子印迹聚合物可达到吸附平衡.用分子印迹聚合物进行固相萃取时,优化的淋洗过程为1.00mL H₂O、1.00mL甲醇-H₂O (3/7,体积比)及1.00mL甲醇-H₂O-ACN (4/4/2,体积比),洗脱溶剂为2.00mL甲醇.在优化条件下,分子印迹聚合物可同时选择富集升麻初提液中的阿魏酸和咖啡酸,二者回收率分别为92.67%和95.42%,而且产品中杂质少于用硅胶萃取所得产品.     

煤焦异相还原N2O的反应机理

采用两种不同的简化煤焦模型,利用量子化学密度泛函理论研究了煤焦异相还原N₂O的反应机理。通过计算反应物、中间体以及过渡态的结构和能量明确了反应的过程,并通过热力学分析和动力学分析深入分析煤焦异相还原N₂O的反应机理。研究结果表明：单个碳原子无法体现N₂O分子在煤焦表面的吸附和脱附过程,不适于作为煤焦模型研究煤焦异相还原N₂O的反应,六环苯环簇碳基模型可以成功地研究煤焦异相还原N₂O的反应。煤焦异相还原N₂O的反应共经历三个过渡态和两个中间体将N₂O还原成N₂,N₂O分子在煤焦表面的吸附反应的活化能为51.01 kJ·mol^-1,煤焦表面吸附N₂O的过程容易进行。煤焦异相还原N₂O的反应在所研究的温度范围（298.15~1500 K）内为放热反应,可以自发发生,反应平衡常数大于10⁵,可以完全进行,认为是单向反应。煤焦异相还原N₂O的反应在所研究的温度范围（298.15~1500 K）内反应速率较快,反应活化能为43.55 kJ·mol^-1,Arrhenius表达式为1.24×10¹⁰exp（-5238.15/T）。     

IL@ZnBDC/PI混合基质膜的制备及CO2分离性能研究

选取咪唑型离子液体修饰金属有机框架填料ZnBDC制备IL@ZnBDC纳米复合填料,通过物理共混的方式将其引入PI中制备PI-IL@ZnBDC混合基质膜。结果表明,复合填料的引入改善了填料与PI间的相容性,增加了混合基质膜的分子链间距,强化了膜内CO₂扩散过程。同时,离子液体中含有与CO₂有较强亲和作用的三氟甲基、磺酸基团和咪唑基团,促进了CO₂在膜内的溶解,进而协同强化了PI-IL@ZnBDC混合基质膜的溶解-扩散机制,提升了CO₂气体通量和选择性。相较于纯PI膜,PI-IL@ZnBDC-2膜表现出优异的气体分离性能,CO₂的渗透系数为10.97 Barrer, CO₂/CH₄的选择性为42.21,分别较纯膜提升了59.9%和41.5%。     

Au/MOF-5催化剂在三组分偶联反应中的催化性能

采用浸渍法制备了Au/MOF-5催化剂,用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂物理吸附、红外光谱(IR)、热重分析(TG-DTA)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)和透射电镜(TEM)对催化剂进行表征,并探索其在醛、炔和胺三组分(A³)偶联反应中的催化性能。实验结果表明:Au/MOF-5对醛、炔和胺三组分偶联反应具有较好的催化活性,而且对产物炔丙基胺的选择性为100%。Au/MOF-5对反应底物具有较宽的适用范围,对于芳香醛和脂肪醛、二级胺和N-烷基取代苯胺、芳香炔和脂肪炔均具有较好的催化活性,而且对于吸电子芳香醛的催化活性大于供电子芳香醛。Au/MOF-5可以循环使用至少3次,催化活性变化不大。     

La(H2O)3+10在蒙脱石(001)表面吸附的密度泛函计算

为研究蒙脱石(001)面与水合稀土离子La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀的相互作用对La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀在蒙脱石表面吸附的影响,分别计算了蒙脱石Na-(001)面(存在钠离子的面)和None-(001)面(不存在钠离子的面)与La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀相互作用的吸附能,距离最近的各原子的分态密度、电子转移以及作用强度。结果表明,存在Na离子的Na-(001)面吸附能更大,La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀在Na-(001)表面能更稳定的吸附。La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀的O_w(水合水分子中的氧原子)和Na-(001)表面的Na、None-(001)表面O_f(表层暴露出来的氧原子)和La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀的H_w(水合水分子中的氢原子) 存在一定的相互作用,La 原子转移到Na-(001)表面的电荷(0.44 e)大于None-(001)表面(0.16 e)。Na—O_w作用强度大于O_f—H_w,La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀在蒙脱石Na-(001)面的吸附强度比在None-(001)面更强,可推断层间Na离子增强了La(H₂O)³⁺₁₀在蒙脱石(001)表面的吸附强度。     

SiO2/Zn2SnO4/环氧丙烯酸酯涂层的阻燃性能

为了探究复合纳米颗粒对环氧丙烯酸酯（EA）涂层阻燃性能的影响，以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为原料合成了介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒，以ZnCl₂和SnCl₄·5H₂O为原料合成了锡酸锌（Zn₂SnO₄）纳米颗粒，将它们复合制成了介孔二氧化硅/锡酸锌复合纳米颗粒（SiO₂/Zn₂SnO₄），并用X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）对其表征。将所制的纳米颗粒（介孔SiO₂、Zn₂SnO₄、SiO₂/Zn₂SnO₄）与丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、EA复合，经UV光固化制备出3种涂层（SiO₂/EA、Zn₂SnO₄/EA、SiO₂/Zn₂SnO₄/EA），通过紫外-可见光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）及氧指数测定仪等对涂层的透光率、热稳定性、阻燃性能进行测试。结果表明：SiO₂/Zn₂SnO₄/EA涂层的综合性能较佳，当SiO₂/Zn₂SnO₄质量分数为4.85%时，该涂层的热稳定性及阻燃性能最佳，其极限氧指数、燃烧级别、残炭率（500℃下马弗炉煅烧）和硬度分别为31、V-0、17.32 % 及6H。     

Gel/CS/PPy/Zn3In2S6凝胶对酸性品红的综合处理

氧化降解是治理有机废水的常用方法之一，但是降解过程中形成的小分子物质可能会对水体形成二次污染。鉴于此，将Zn₃In₂S₆包埋在明胶/壳聚糖/聚吡咯(Gel/CS/PPy)凝胶中制备出Gel/CS/PPy/Zn₃In₂S₆复合材料，实现凝胶吸附和光催化降解相耦合。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis-NIR)对材料的结构及性能进行表征。以酸性品红(AF)为处理对象，开发出吸附富集和原位降解相结合的综合处理方法。Gel/CS/PPy凝胶体系可将AF从污染水体中转移到凝胶内，实现AF的大容量吸附富集，吸附效率可以达到93.74%,凝胶中的Zn₃In₂S₆可以将吸附的AF氧化降解，并再生吸附位点。最终Gel/CS/PPy/Zn₃In₂S₆可重复利用至少6次以上，处理效率保持在90%以上。     

Understanding the mechanism of hydrogen adsorption into metal organic frameworks

Hydrogen adsorption mechanism into MOF-5, a porous metal-organic framework (MOF) has been studied by density functional theory calculation. The selected functionals for the prediction of interaction energies between hydrogen and potential adsorption sites of MOF-5 were utilized after the evaluation with the various functionals for interaction energy of H₂C₆H₆ model system. The adsorption energy of hydrogen molecule into MOF-5 was investigated with the consideration of the favorable adsorption sites and the orientations. We also calculated the second favorable adsorption sites by geometry optimization using every combination of two first adsorbed hydrogen molecules. Based on the calculation of the first and the second adsorption sites and energies, it has been suggested that the hydrogen adsorption into MOF-5 follows a cooperative mechanism in which the metal sites initiate the propagation of the hydrogen adsorption on the whole frameworks. In addition, the interaction mode between the simple benzene ring with hydrogen is significantly changed when the benzene ring has been incorporated into the framework of MOF-5.     

Influence of Water Vapor on the Adsorption of VOCs on Lignin‐Based Activated Carbons

Abstract

Activated carbons with a wide range of burn‐off degrees obtained from Eucalyptus kraft lignin have been used to study the influence of the presence of water vapor on VOCs adsorption. The amount adsorbed and the rate of adsorption of both benzene and water vapor increase with activated carbon burn‐off as a consequence of an increase of micropore volume, broadening of micropore size distribution and increasing development of meso‐ and macroporosity. Similar results were found for MEK and methanol. Benzene is only partially desorbed at the adsorption temperature and an appreciable amount of it remains in the carbon, most likely in the narrow micropores. On the contrary, water vapor is completely desorbed at the adsorption temperature and its adsorption profile clearly exhibits two steps with different adsorption rates, associated to water molecules adsorbed on the active sites given rise to cluster formation and further migration and filling of the micropores. Adsorption with mixtures of VOC and water vapor has been carried out. The total amount adsorbed by the carbon, near the equilibrium point, is higher than in the case of the stream containing only the VOC. The adsorption rates for the mixtures streams are similar to that for the corresponding streams containing only the VOC in the case of carbons with a well developed porous structure. However, the presence of water vapor increases the rate of adsorption on the activated carbons with narrower microporosity. Saturation of the activated carbon with water vapor prior to the adsorption of a mixture containing benzene and water vapor has shown little effect on the amount of benzene adsorbed, suggesting that water and benzene molecules are adsorbed in different sites on the carbon surface.     

A Computational Study of the Adsorptive Removal of H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S by MOF-199

Metal–organic framework material MOF-199 is a new type of adsorption material for removal toxic H₂S. In this work, the effects of temperature and pressure on the performance of H₂S adsorption in MOF-199 were studied by using the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation; the interaction mechanism between framework atoms of MOF-199 and guest H₂S molecules were further discussed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is found that the MOF-199 adsorption capacity towards H₂S decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing pressure. At low pressures, the frameworks containing the binding sites of copper dimers and trimesic acid are the main factor affecting the adsorption performance of MOF-199. While at high pressures, the free volume of MOF-199 contributes to the adsorption capacity as well. The adsorptive interactions between H₂S and the organic ligand are weak (>??14.469 kJ/mol). When H₂S adsorption on the Cu–Cu bridge, the binding energies of the modes where hydrogen is put inward of the copper dimer are generally smaller than that where hydrogen is outward, whereas the adsorption on the top of copper ion shows the smallest BEs value (<??50 kJ/mol) due to its tendency of forming a saturated six-coordinated configuration.     

甲苯分子在铝基金属-有机骨架材料上的吸附特性

应用巨正则系综蒙特卡罗模拟（GCMC）方法研究了298K下甲苯在4种铝基金属-有机骨架材料（Al-MOF）上的吸附特征。通过对比模拟与实验结果,发现Dreiding力场能够较好地描述甲苯在Al-MOF上的吸附行为。由于4种Al-MOF材料均具有丰富的微孔结构,使得其甲苯吸附量（取1.5kPa时吸附量值比较）均高于传统吸附剂的吸附量（一般小于400mg/g）,分别为1375mg/g （MIL-101）、866mg/g（CYCU-3）、807mg/g（MOF-519）、504mg/g（CAU-3-BDC）。通过Snapshot图和密度分布曲线分析了甲苯在Al-MOF中的吸附位,结果表明,在低压（低负载量）时,甲苯优先吸附在骨架中的小孔道内,随压力（负载量）的增大,甲苯分子逐渐填充到大孔道。此外,甲苯与有机配体的相互作用强于与金属簇的相互作用,说明有机配体处为优先吸附位。将298K、1.5kPa条件下甲苯吸附量与MOF的物理性质相关联,结果发现甲苯吸附量的大小与吸附剂的比表面积、孔容积成线性正相关,而与骨架密度成反比关系。     

Adsorption and desorption of small molecule volatile organic compounds over carbide-derived carbon

Carbide-derived carbon (CDC) was prepared by selective extraction of titanium from titanium carbide in a flow of freshly prepared chlorine. The dynamic adsorption and desorption performance of CDC of small molecule volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methanol, acetaldehyde and acetone, was investigated and compared with that of two types of commercial activated carbons. The physicochemical properties of carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, temperature programmed desorption, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that the CDC could adsorb much more VOCs than commercial activated carbons (especially for the less polar methanol). The desorption behavior of VOCs from the saturated CDC was similar to that of commercial activated carbons, with adsorbed VOCs desorbed in the maximum degree at 110–150 °C, which indicated that the adsorption sites for the VOCs on the three carbon adsorbents were similar and the saturated CDC could be effectively regenerated by simple heat treatment just like commercial activated carbons. Based on the characterizations, the large adsorption capacity of CDC was attributed to its larger micropore volume, narrower pore distributions (0.7–1.5 nm), as well as higher specific surface area than those of two commercial activated carbons.     

三种VOCs物性对其在活性炭上吸附行为的影响

为了探讨VOC物性对活性炭吸附行为的影响,对活性炭表面物化性质进行了表征.并以甲苯、丙酮、二甲苯为吸附质,在同等实验条件下进行了固定床吸附实验.实验结果显示活性炭对3种VOCs的吸附量为二甲苯＞甲苯＞丙酮.将实验结果与VOC物性进行关联分析,结果表明:活性炭对有机气体的吸附量随着吸附质的分子量、分子动力学直径、沸点、密...     

Adsorption of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene from the Aqueous Phase onto Activated Carbons and Modified Carbon Nanotubes

This study aimed to describe the adsorption process of ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) onto activated carbons (ACs) and modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from the aqueous phase. The starting material NC_7000 carbon nanotubes were modified by chlorination (NC_C) and then by the introduction of hydroxyl groups (NC_C_B). The concentration of o-DCB in solutions was performed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. After adsorption, the activated carbons were regenerated by extraction with organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol; the carbon nanotubes were regenerated by methanol. The degree of adsorbate recovery was determined by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection, using ethylbenzene as an internal standard. The equilibrium isotherm data of adsorption were satisfactorily fitted by the Langmuir equations. The results indicate that carbon adsorbents are effective porous materials for removing o-DCB from the aqueous phase. Additionally, activated carbons are more regenerative adsorbents than carbon nanotubes. The recoveries of o-DCB from ACs were in the range of 76–85%, whereas the recoveries from CNTs were in the range of 23–46%. Modifications of CNTs affect the improvement of their adsorption properties towards o-DCB compared to unmodified CNTs. However, the introduction of new functional groups on carbon nanotube surfaces makes the regeneration process less effective.     

In Situ Reflection–Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy at the Liquid–Solid Interface: Decomposition of Organic Molecules on Polycrystalline Platinum Substrates

The room-temperature adsorption and surface chemistry of several categories of organic molecules used as reactants or solvents in liquid-phase catalysis, of carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes, acetone, alcohols and ethers in particular, were characterized in situ on polycrystalline Pt in the presence of the liquid phase by reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). For carboxylic acids and esters it was found that the propensity for decomposition and CO formation follows a formic acid ? methyl formate, ethyl formate > acetic acid, propionic acid, acrylic acid, ethyl acetate sequence. For aldehydes and acetone, the observed trend is formaldehyde ? acetaldehyde > acrolein, crotonaldehyde > propionaldehyde, acetone. Virtually no adsorbed CO was detected when Pt surfaces were exposed to liquid solutions of either alcohols or ethers. The observed trends could be correlated with the corresponding molecular structures. They are discussed in the context of previous results obtained from studies under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) and under electro-oxidation conditions.     

甲醇和异丁烯在HBT6分子筛上的反应机理

研究了甲醇、异丁烯和甲基叔丁基醚 (MTBE)在HBT6分子筛上的吸附 ,探讨了HBT6分子筛催化剂上合成MTBE反应的机理 ,并结合本征动力学实验结果 ,提出了反应的机理动力学模型 .结果表明 ,甲醇、异丁烯、MTBE均吸附在催化剂的酸性OH基上 ,其中异丁烯主要以π络合形式吸附 ,这种吸附态容易转变为叔丁基正碳离子 .甲醇与异丁烯在HBT6分子筛催化剂上的醚化反应按照L -H机理进行 ,表面反应为速度控制步骤     

Using Renewables in Panelboard Resins to Influence Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Panels

Technical lignin and condensed tannins have been combined with soy flour as model of no-added-formaldehyde adhesive binders for veneer wood products to understand their impacts on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during panel manufacture. VOC emissions captured on manufacturing lauan hardwood plywood at 170?C were dominated by acetaldehyde, hexaldehyde, acetone, and terpenes in both the condensate and gaseous fractions of press emissions. Other aldehydes including formaldehyde, valeraldehyde, and propionaldehyde were produced in relatively lower quantity during panel manufacture. Compared to using soy flour alone, lignin, and tannin reduced the formaldehyde and acetaldehyde contents in press emissions. These reductions in VOCs had a dependency on adhesive resin pH with an alkaline formulation proving to also decrease longer chain aldehydes such as valeraldehyde and hexaldehyde. Chamber testing plywood panels found the composition of VOC emissions initially released from panels to be prominent compounds released in press emissions formed on panel manufacture. Use of soy flour alone as binder produced relatively high acetaldehyde emissions from panels, whereas incorporating lignin and tannin with soy flour as adhesive binders reduced both acetaldehyde and formaldehyde emissions from panelboards post-manufacture.