rGO/GQDs复合材料的制备及其超级电容器性能

利用少量乙二胺作为还原剂,在水热条件下制备了还原氧化石墨烯/石墨烯量子点复合材料(rGO/GQDs)。由扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱对材料的形貌和结构进行了表征,并研究了材料的电化学性能。结果表明:复合材料具有三维多孔结构和良好的电化学性能,在0. 3 A/g的电流密度下,复合材料的比电容达到了226. 54 F/g。在10 A/g电流密度下,经过10000次充放电循环后其比电容值仍为初始值的91. 4%。     

介孔CoMn2O4/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备及其超级电容性能

采用共沉淀法制备了CoMn₂O₄/还原氧化石墨烯(CoMn₂O₄/rGO)复合电极材料,并研究了石墨烯含量对CoMn₂O₄/rGO复合材料形貌、微观结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:CoMn₂O₄纳米颗粒沉积在石墨烯纳米片的表面,随着石墨烯含量的增加,CoMn₂O₄纳米颗粒在r GO表面的分布逐渐均匀,聚集现象消失。CoMn₂O₄/rGO具有高的比表面积及优良的电化学性能,其中CoMn₂O₄/rGO20 (rGO质量分数为20%)电容性能最好,在电流密度1 A/g时具有1 420 F/g的比电容。CoMn₂O₄/rGO30(rGO质量分数为30%)的倍率性能和循环稳定性能最好。2 000次充放电后,样品CoMn₂O₄/rGO30在5 A/g时的比电容保持率为94%,样品CoMn₂O₄的比电容保持率为78%。     

氢氧化镍/活性碳纤维复合电极材料制备及性能研究

采用六水合硝酸镍为镍源,通过一步水热法制备了Ni(OH)_2/活性碳纤维(ACF)复合材料,并对材料的结构和电化学性能进行研究。结果表明:Ni(OH)_2主要以纳米片结构生长在ACF表面,当金属离子Ni~(2+)浓度为10 mmol/L时,纳米片在ACF表面形貌规整、分散均匀,厚度约为20 nm,且纳米片之间具有丰富的孔隙结构;复合材料其相对ACF(1043 m~2/g)具有更高的比表面积,达到了1352 m~2/g;电化学性能测试表明:复合材料在电流密度0.5 A/g时的比电容高达905 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g时的比电容仍有630 F/g,通过循环充放电1000次,其比电容保持率仍有85.7%,表明复合材料具有较好的倍率性和循环稳定性。     

石墨烯/聚苯胺纳米片复合薄膜性能的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为取向模板,采用模板辅助化学氧化聚合技术制备了聚苯胺。通过聚苯胺与氧化石墨烯混合分散液的自组装得到石墨烯/聚苯胺复合薄膜材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱,氮气吸附-脱附测试和电化学测试,分别表征聚苯胺和石墨烯/聚苯胺复合薄膜的形貌、结构、组分和电化学性能。结果表明,在CTAB作用下,合成了无规则纳米片状聚苯胺;当电流密度为0.5 A/g时,其比电容为470.8 F/g。石墨烯/聚苯胺复合薄膜的比表面积为43.2 m~2/g且表现为多级层状孔结构;将复合薄膜以三明治结构组装成全固态超级电容器测试其电化学性能。该复合薄膜表现出优异的面积比电容(在0.1 mA/cm~2的电流密度下达到292 mF/cm~2)和良好的循环稳定性。     

水热组装合成石墨烯/聚苯胺/石墨烯复合电极材料的研究

通过在氧化石墨烯表面原位聚合苯胺制备聚苯胺阵列/石墨烯复合物,再将一定量的石墨烯加入到复合物分散液中,经水热反应制备了石墨烯/聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料。利用SEM和FT-IR对其形貌和结构进行了表征,讨论了投料比、水热温度及水热时间对材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明,质量比PGO∶GO(后加的)=15∶1,180℃下水热反应4h,所得样品用作超级电容器电极时,表现出优异的电化学性能,当电流密度为1A/g时,其比电容为553F/g;且在电流密度为20A/g,1000次恒电流充放电后,其比电容保持率高达94.2%。     

氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺材料的制备及其超电容性能研究

通过乳液聚合制备具有类似金属导电性和超电容功能的氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺(GO-PANI)复合材料,聚合在组成为水,乙醇,二甲苯和十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)的乳液中进行。采用红外光谱对材料进行了表征,采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗和恒电流充放电进行了材料电化学性能的测试。结果表明氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺呈现高的超电容性能。在0.5 A/g电流密度下,摩尔比为3∶7材料的比电容高达444 F/g,远远超过了氧化石墨烯的比电容(134 F/g)。在50 mV/s下循环1000次,GO-PANI(3/7)仍呈现出高的比电容,达到412 F/g,仅减少7.2%。相对于纯聚苯胺比电容下降41.7%,复合材料GO-PANI具有优良的稳定性,显著提高复合材料容量保持率和循环寿命。     

燃烧法还原氧化石墨烯的制备及超级电容器性能研究

介绍一种清洁、低成本、绿色环保、简单的通过还原氧化石墨烯制备石墨烯的方法.还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)仅仅通过将氧化石墨烯薄膜在空气中燃烧制得.以rGO组装的超级电容表现出优异的双层电容性能,在0.2 A/g的电流密度下,其比电容达到最大值119.32 F/g,能量密度为4.143 Wh/kg,功率密度为49.99 W/kg.此外,在2600多次充放电循环后,比电容保持在近100％,这表明基于rGO的超级电容器具有显著的循环稳定性.     

MnO2/rGO复合材料的制备及电化学性能研究

采用一步水热法制备具有海胆状纳米/微米结构的MnO_2和MnO_2/rGO复合电极材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征分析其微观形貌,X射线衍射(XRD)对其成分进行分析,结果表明:rGO,MnO_2成功复合在一起。rGO包覆在海胆型MnO_2表面,有效增大了MnO_2导电率。MnO_2∶rGO=1∶1的复合材料在电流密度为0.5 A·g~(-1)时比电容可达200.13 F·g~(-1)。经过5000次循环充放电后,其比电容保持率为92%。     

CoNiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx复合材料的制备及其电化学性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用共沉淀方法并结合热处理技术制备了CoNi O_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx复合材料。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、氮气吸脱附测试、循环伏安法、恒流充放电法和电化学阻抗测试对所制备样品进行表征。结果表明:CoNiO_(2)/Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx质量比为30:1的复合材料具有最佳的电化学性能,在1 A/g的电流密度下具有389 F/g的比电容,约为Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx比电容的6倍;当电流密度为20 A/g时,其比电容为309 F/g;在电流密度为10 A/g时,经过1500次充放电循环后,电容保持率为82%。     

用于超级电容器的硫化钴/石墨烯气凝胶复合材料的研究

采用一步水热法,在乙二胺的辅助下,制备了硫化钴/石墨烯气凝胶(CoS/GA)复合材料。通过X射线衍射法(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学性能测试对材料进行了表征和测试。结果表明:制备的材料晶型规整,30～100 nm的CoS粒子均匀地分布在石墨烯气凝胶上。用作超级电容器时,在电流密度0.5 A/g时,CoS/GA复合材料比电容值达574 F/g,是纯CoS的1.4倍;充放电循环1 000次后,比电容保持率为94.4%。硫化钴/石墨烯复合材料的电化学性能较好,具有较大的比电容和较好的循环稳定性,是一种可用于超级电容器的较有潜力的电极材料。     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide composites

Polyaniline (PANI)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites were synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline on reduced graphene sheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the composites. The results indicated PANI/rGO composites were produced and contained covalent bonds between the functional groups of PANI and rGO. A uniform coating of PANI on the rGO sheets had a synergistic effect on the properties of the composites. The electrochemical properties of the PANI/rGO composites produced using different feed ratios of aniline to rGO were studied. The results showed that the composites exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 797.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g and minimum charge transfer resistance of 0.98 Ω when the feed ratio of aniline to rGO was 2:1. These values were superior to those of pure PANI and rGO. The composites also displayed excellent cycling stability, with specific capacitance retention of 92.43% after 1000 cycles. These stable structural composites show promise for the development of new supercapacitor applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46103.     

Synthesis of graphene/vitamin C template-controlled polyaniline nanotubes composite for high performance supercapacitor electrode

A graphene nanosheet/polyaniline nanotube (GPNT) composite is prepared for the first time by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using vitamin C as a structure directing agent. The vitamin C molecules lead to the synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes through the development of rod-like assembly by H-bonding in an aqueous medium. The initially synthesized graphene oxide/polyaniline nanotubes composite is reduced to graphene using hydrazine monohydrate followed by re-oxidation and protonation of the PANI to produce the GPNT nanocomposite. This novel composite showed a high specific capacitance of 534.37 F/g and an excellent energy density of 74.27 Wh/kg at a constant current of 0.5 mA. Besides, the GPNT composite exhibited excellent cycle life with 91.4% specific capacitance retained after 500 charge-discharge cycles. The excellent performance is due to the synergistic combination of graphene which provides good electrical conductivity and mechanical stability, and PANI nanofiber which deals with good redox activity.     

Vertically oriented polyaniline‐graphene nanocomposite based on functionalized graphene for supercapacitor electrode

Polyaniline functionalized reduced graphene oxide (PORGO) is prepared by interfacial polymerization and then vertically oriented polyaniline‐graphene (PANI‐PORGO) nanocomposites based on PORGO are developed successfully by in situ polymerization. The morphology and structure are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR), Raman spectra and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The electrochemical tests indicate that the specific capacitance of PORGO and PANI‐PORGO is as high as 291 and 369 F/g, respectively, at the current density of 1 A/g. PANI—PORGO nanocomposite exhibits high electrochemical activity and enhanced cycle stability with a capacitance retention of 81.2% after 500 cycles at 10 A/g. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44808.     

Synthesis of rGO/nanoclay/PVK nanocomposites,electrochemical performances of supercapacitors

ABSTRACT

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was chemically reacted with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) to form reduced graphene oxide (rGO). rGO, Montmorillonite nanoclay, and polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) were used to form a ternary nanocomposite via chemical reaction. These nanocomposite qualities were described via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated transmission reflectance (FTIR-ATR). In addition, these materials were used in supercapacitor device as an active material to test electrochemical performances via cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The rGO/nanoclay/PVK nanocomposite shows significantly improved specific capacitance (C_sp = 168.64 Fg^?1) compared to that of rGO (C_sp = 63.26 Fg^?1) at the scan rate of 10 mVs^?1 by CV method. The enhanced capacitance results in high power density (P = 5522.6 Wkg^?1) and energy density (E = 28.84 Whkg^?1) capabilities of the rGO/nanoclay/PVK nanocomposite material. The addition of nanoclay and PVK increased the specific capacitance of rGO material due to a dopant effect for supercapacitor studies. Ragone plots were drawn to observe energy and power density of supercapacitor devices. The C_sp of rGO/nanoclay/PVK nanocomposite has only 86.4% of initial capacitance for charge/discharge performances obtained by CV method for 5000 cycles.     

Thiourea assisted one-pot easy synthesis of CdS/rGO composite by the wet chemical method: Structural,optical, and photocatalytic properties

We report on the synthesis of CdS/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite by a wet chemical method. Thiourea was used both as a sulfur source and as a reducing agent to convert graphene oxide to rGO. The structural and morphological confirmation for the reduction of graphene oxide and the formation of the CdS/rGO composite was demonstrated by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Photoluminescence spectra of the composite exhibited a more efficient luminescence quenching in comparison with pure CdS nanoparticles. The composite demonstrated 99% photodegradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation, which is much superior than the photodegradation of methyl orange under similar conditions exhibited by CdS nanoparticles (72%).     

Conversion of pencil graphite to graphene/polypyrrole nanofiber composite electrodes and its doping effect on the supercapacitive properties

Graphene platelets were synthesized from pencil flake graphite and commercial graphite by chemical method. The chemical method involved modified Hummer's method to synthesize graphene oxide (GO) and the use of hydrazine monohydrate to reduce GO to reduced graphene oxide (rGO). rGO were further reduced using rapid microwave treatment in presence of little amount of hydrazine monohydrate to graphene platelets. Chemically modified graphene/polypyrrole (PPy) nanofiber composites were prepared by in situ anodic electropolymerization of pyrrole monomer in the presence of graphene on stainless steel substrate. The morphology, composition, and electronic structure of the composites together with PPy fibers, graphene oxide (GO), rGO, and graphene were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), laser‐Raman, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods. From SEM, it was observed that chemically modified graphene formed as a uniform nanocomposite with the PPy fibers absorbed on the graphene surface and/or filled between the graphene sheets. Such uniform structure together with the observed high conductivities afforded high specific capacitance and good cycling stability during the charge–discharge process when used as supercapacitor electrodes. A specific capacitance of supercapacitor was as high as 304 F g^?1 at a current density of 2 mA cm^?1 was achieved over a PPy‐doped graphene composite. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2118–2126, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Fabrication of graphene/single wall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline composite gels as binder-free electrode materials

A three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based hydrogels system containing one-dimensional (1D) carbon material-single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and pseudocapacitor material-polyaniline (PANI) was prepared by combination of cross-linking, reduced and in situ polymerization. The polyaniline nanoparticles were combined with the reduced graphene sheet by π-π conjugation. The as-perpared composite gels could be directly used as electrode materials without binders. Due to the synergistic effect between SWCNTs, graphene sheet and PANI, the graphene/single wall carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (GH/SWCNTs/PANI) composite gel shows the enhanced electrochemical performances. The resultant GH/SWCNTs/PANI gel electroactive material shows a gravimetric specific capacitance of 145.4 F/g at 0.5 A/g and has improved 45% compared with initial graphene hydrogel (GH) at the same current density. And it keeps high retention of 98.8% of the initial capacity after 10,00 charge/discharge cycles at high current density of 10 A/g. The great cycle stability achieved is fundamentally attributed to the support of graphene sheet and single wall carbon nanotubes, which favors stress distribution and charge transfer during the longtime charge/discharge process. The graphene-based hydrogels could be a potential applicant for high rate charge/discharge applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46948.     

聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯接枝复合材料的制备及电容性能研究

利用化学氧化法原位聚合制备了聚苯胺(PANI)/氧化石墨烯(GO)接枝复合材料。透射电子显微镜表明,PANI纳米颗粒均匀地分布在GO的表面;通过UV-vis光谱证实了GO和PANI之间存在着强烈的相互作用;充放电测试表明,PANI/GO纳米复合材料具有良好的电荷储存特性,最高比电容可达575 F/g。由于与GO之间的化学结合作用,PANI的充放电循环稳定性得到明显提高。     

Fabrication of flexible carbon dioxide gas sensor with conductive polymer/reduced graphene oxide hybrids: Effects of substrate type and mass ratio

Flexible gas sensors made of polyaniline (PANI)-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite were prepared using three different substrates, namely filter paper, cotton fabric, and weighing paper, through in-situ reduction of GO and in-situ polymerization of aniline. Preliminary analysis showed that the PANI/rGO coated on filter paper possesses a superior electrical conductance than PANI/rGO coated on cotton fabric and weighing paper. Such observation was attributed to the good attachment of the PANI/rGO nanocomposites onto the high-density mesh-like structure of the filter paper with rough surfaces. In contrast, PANI/rGO coated onto weighing paper and cotton fabric of different surface structures presented lower-to-almost negligible conductance. Accordingly, PANI/rGO filter paper was selected for the subsequent evaluation of gas sensing properties. The gas-sensing performances of the PANI/rGO filter paper sensors indicated that the 5 wt% PANI/rGO (i.e., 5 wt% rGO) sample exhibited the best response of 306% for 500 ppm carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas at room temperature with a recovery rate of 41.5%. On the other hand, the optimum recovery rate of 59.5% was identified at 0.5 wt% PANI/rGO sample which exhibited a response of 155%. Owing to the synergy effect, the PANI/rGO sensor outperformed the sensor made of pure PANI or pure rGO.     

Supercapacitor device performances of polycarbazole/graphene and polycarbazole/nanoclay/graphene nanocomposites

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) is chemically reacted with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) to form reduced graphene oxide (rGO). rGO, polycarbazole (PCz)/rGO and PCz/nanoclay/rGO materials were obtained by chemical polymerisation method. These three materials were characterised by Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy-attenuated transmission reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PCz/nanoclay/rGO nanocomposite shows significantly improved capacitance (C_sp?=?187.78?F?g^?1) compared to that of PCz/rGO (C_sp?=?74.18?F?g^?1) and rGO (C_sp?=?20.78?F?g^?1) at the scan rate of 10?mV?s^?1 by CV method. The supercapacitor device performance results show high power density (P?=?1057.81?W?kg^?1) and energy density (E?=?1.7?Wh?kg^?1) obtained from Ragone plot for PCz/nanoclay/rGO material. Stability tests were also examined by the CV method for 1000 cycles.