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1.
A professional virtual community provides an interactive platform for enterprise experts to create and share their empirical knowledge cooperatively, and the platform contains a tremendous amount of hidden empirical knowledge that knowledge experts have preserved in the discussion process. Therefore, enterprise knowledge management highly prioritises how to verify the empirical knowledge effectively before archiving it into enterprise knowledge repository for reuse. This work develops a novel scheme of ontology-based empirical knowledge verification for professional virtual community to assist domain experts in a professional virtual community to verify the logics of empirical knowledge, thus ensuring the quality of empirical knowledge and providing accurate knowledge decision support for knowledge workers. In particular, this work has the following objectives: propose an empirical knowledge verification model for a professional virtual community, design an ontology-based empirical knowledge verification process, develop techniques related to the ontology-based empirical knowledge verification and implement an ontology-based empirical knowledge verification mechanism with an illustrative example of securities trading. Results of this study facilitate efforts within the professional virtual community to verify empirical knowledge in order to provide knowledge workers with logic-correct empirical knowledge for decision support.  相似文献   

2.
Although previous research has established that interpersonal trust and system trust are critical in shaping individual behaviour in virtual settings, the two perspectives have not been examined by IS researchers in virtual communities (VCs) simultaneously. Drawing from prior literature on trust and VCs, a research model for understanding the importance of trust in members and trust in system and their antecedents in VCs is presented. Six trust-building factors were identified using three trust-building bases (calculative base, relationship base and technology base). Data were collected from 324 members of a technical VC to test the model. The study shows that trust in members and trust in system have significant influences on knowledge sharing intention. The study also indicates that knowledge growth, perceived responsiveness and shared vision affect trust in members positively, while knowledge quality influences trust in system significantly. The study discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of this study and proposes several future research directions.  相似文献   

3.
With continued growth of the service-oriented knowledge economy, knowledge-intensive service industries (KISI) have become a trend nowadays for industrial development. Enterprise activities in knowledge-intensive service industries are highly creative. When performing and achieving each activity, the domain professional knowledge and experiences, which involve various ideas, such as service innovation or service value-added, are employed.Therefore, effective knowledge management must be achieved to rapidly accumulate knowledge assets of enterprise and increase the efficiency of knowledge-intensive service industries.A professional virtual community is an interactive platform that allows enterprise experts to create and share empirical knowledge in knowledge-intensive service industries. A high volume of useless information and empirical knowledge is typically generated during expert discussions. Therefore, managing and sharing useful contents of knowledge discussion have become important issues for empirical knowledge management in a professional virtual community.This work presents a systematic approach to develop a framework for managing empirical knowledge to support a professional virtual community in knowledge-intensive service industries. The approach presented in this study comprises three phases: (i) proposing an empirical knowledge management model for a professional virtual community, (ii) designing an empirical knowledge management system framework for a professional virtual community, and (iii) implementing an empirical knowledge management system prototype for a professional virtual community.Study results facilitate efforts within the professional virtual community to extract, verify, store, and share empirical knowledge to assist knowledge-intensive service industries in enhancing service innovation abilities and creating the best services for customers.  相似文献   

4.
Knowledge seeking and knowledge contributing are two distinct types of behaviors, both of which must occur for the presumed benefits of knowledge sharing to be realized. Self-perception theory posits that individuals come to ‘know’ their own internal beliefs by inferring them partially from observations of their own overt behavior. Building on self-perception theory and adhering to the principle that knowledge sharing facilitates knowledge creation, we develop a research model to explore the consequences of both knowledge seeking and knowledge contributing behavior given the consideration that flow plays a lubricating role in the formation of creativity. Data collected from 232 users of Web 2.0 virtual communities were used to test the model. We found that both knowledge seeking and knowledge contributing can lead to a state of flow and can further result in creativity at work. These findings and their implications for theory and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
This research focuses on the initiative to integrate team task and job engagement as related to the transfer of tacit knowledge. The aim of this study is to investigate if team task and job involvement enhances the overall work efficiency through transfer of tacit knowledge between e-business virtual teams. We develop a model that is based on the relationship between tacit degree of knowledge, job engagement, team tasks, and their effect on knowledge transfer. The conceptual model is validated with the data collected from a survey. The results indicate that the tacit knowledge does not have a positive effect on team tasks and job engagement, and the team tasks and job engagement have a significant positive effect on knowledge transfer. In addition, the study found that team tasks and job engagement have mediating effects in the process of tacit knowledge transfer. Also, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications and contributions of this study.  相似文献   

6.
业知识对企业性能、竞争力有着重要的影响,通过对伙伴企业知识的评价,可以加强虚拟企业对知识的管理,从而提高虚拟企业性能。针对虚拟企业知识评价的问题,提出一种以企业模型为媒介的间接的知识评价方法——KP2RP,并结合它的五个元素:知识、产品、过程、资源、性能,定义了它们之间的关联矩阵,给出了关联矩阵的知识评价级别,最后提出基于数据包络分析的知识评价模型,并且利用实例分析了评价方法的可行性。  相似文献   

7.
《Ergonomics》2012,55(5):852-856
Although a wealth of research has examined the effects of virtual interruptions, human-initiated interruptions are common in many work settings. An experiment compared performance on a primary data-entry task during human-initiated (human) versus computer-initiated (virtual) interruptions. Participants completed blocks of trials that featured either an interruption from a computer or an interruption from a human experimenter. The timing of the onset of the interruptions was also varied across trials. Human interruptions resulted in much shorter interruption lags. No significant differences were observed for the number of correct responses on the primary task for human versus virtual interruptions, but interruptions that occurred later in the task sequence resulted in fewer mistakes. The social aspect of human interruptions may have attenuated interruption lags in that condition, and it is possible that virtual interruptions may permit people greater temporal flexibility in managing their engagement with interruptions.  相似文献   

8.
In this era of rapid changes in the project-oriented R&D organization’s environment, some are actively pursuing joint research to gain a leading edge over other R&D organizations. The condition for joint research is the knowledge that an organization needs from other organizations and the capability of collaboration. This study presents a ProVO model using the concept of virtual organization and project team formation based on knowledge and collaboration. In this model, VO is represented by the capability of carrying out a project and the cost of employment. Capability consists of knowledge competence (KC) and collaboration competence (CC). KC, in turn, consists of individual knowledge and collective knowledge from social network, while CC consists of density, degree centrality, and closeness centrality. To verify the presented model, we conducted a case study on a research institute. The analysis results show that all five project team formation factors of KC and CC are statistically significant. A prototype was also developed for selecting project team members using the binary logistics regression model. The proposed ProVO model can assist quantitative decision making on the selection of project team members by a project-oriented R&D organization from the aspects of knowledge and collaboration.  相似文献   

9.
Searching for overlapping coalitions in multiple virtual organizations   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Coalition formation is an active and essential component for multi-agent systems (MAS) in task-oriented domains in which tasks can be too complicated to be accomplished by a single agent with insufficient resources. By forming a coalition, agents are able to cooperate and combine resources to complete tasks that are impossible to accomplish alone within a given time bound. For example, in virtual enterprises, small and agile enterprises can provide more services and make more profits than an individual can. In many multi-task environments, especially in parallel multi-task environments, an individual abundant in resources is inclined to undertake more than one task to make more profits and participate in multiple virtual organizations (MVOs) at the same time, where every member has to decide how to allocate different parts of its resources to serve multiple different project tasks. Such overlapping property is a very intractable problem in practical decision making, and to the best of our knowledge, current coalition formation algorithms typically exclude the possibility of having overlapping coalitions, that is an agent can only be a member of one coalition at any given time, leading to waste of resources, preventing the system from efficiently allocating all agents’ resources, and limiting the scope of their applications in real-world scenarios. Indeed, overlapping coalition formation (OCF) is an important research question, because MVOs are very crucial and beneficial in parallel multi-task domains where only a few selected individuals have rare, but highly demanded, resources. With this in mind, we develop a discrete particle swarm optimization based algorithm to solve the OCF problem in MVOs, applicable for more complex virtual enterprises environments. We introduce a two-dimensional binary encoding scheme and propose a novel repairing strategy for resolving conflicts over the usage of joint resources among overlapping coalitions. With this novel strategy for cooperative conflict resolution, any invalid encoding can be adjusted into a valid one without any resource conflict. Finally, simulations are conducted to show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.  相似文献   

10.
A new impetus for greater knowledge‐sharing among team members needs to be emphasized due to the emergence of a significant new form of working known as ‘global virtual teams’. As information and communication technologies permeate every aspect of organizational life and impact the way teams communicate, work and structure relationships, global virtual teams require innovative communication and learning capabilities for different team members to effectively work together across cultural, organizational and geographical boundaries. Whereas information technology‐facilitated communication processes rely on technologically advanced systems to succeed, the ability to create a knowledge‐sharing culture within a global virtual team rests on the existence (and maintenance) of intra‐team respect, mutual trust, reciprocity and positive individual and group relationships. Thus, some of the inherent questions we address in our paper are: (1) what are the cross‐cultural challenges faced by global virtual teams?; (2) how do organizations develop a knowledge sharing culture to promote effective organizational learning among culturally‐diverse team members? and; (3) what are some of the practices that can help maximize the performance of global virtual teams? We conclude by examining ways that global virtual teams can be more effectively managed in order to reach their potential in this new interconnected world and put forward suggestions for further research.  相似文献   

11.
This research studies the influence of individual knowledge mastery of competency task performance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) learners. The research design involved the assessment of participants' ERP competency, each of whom participated in four games of a computer-based simulation, ERPsim. ERP knowledge was assessed using a validated questionnaire, which included questions with different complexity levels. Results indicate that although reported student grade point average is not a predictor of ERP competency, ERP knowledge mastery (particularly complex knowledge) does predict ERP competence. While mastering basic ERP knowledge does not predict the competency of the participants, these results can provide useful guidelines with respect to teaching and assessment practices, as well as the development of ERP curricula. To effectively prepare learners to be able to perform in authentic learning contexts, instructors could emphasize the mastery of complex knowledge and consequently use complex knowledge test questions as a component of the instruction.  相似文献   

12.
One factor receiving contemporary interest from virtual team researchers is collective-level efficacy, that is, a team's shared belief in its collective abilities to work effectively. However, our understanding of this literature leads to two concerns. First, depending on traditional team-focused collective-level efficacy concepts conveys an indifferent view of technology that ignores decades of research explaining how virtual teams' reliance on collaborative technologies differentiates them from traditional teams. Second, the information systems literature has largely ignored the concept of collective-level efficacy in virtual team research. That collective-level efficacy is underexamined in IS research is disappointing, given the growing recognition (outside the IS literature) that it is crucial to virtual team success. This absence becomes even more concerning given that IS researchers developed the concept of virtual team efficacy (VTE) specifically for virtual team settings. Unlike collective-level efficacy measures designed for traditional team settings, VTE incorporates technology into its conceptual definition and the operationalization of its measurement indicators. Thus, it is a stronger predictor of virtual team outcomes. To demonstrate its importance to IS research, we used a deductive theory-driven approach to propose and empirically evaluate whether VTE indirectly acts on virtual team effectiveness through the critical concepts of trust and participants' perceptions of problems associated with the collaboration inhibitors of time difference, geographical separation, and cultural differences. This research contributes significantly to the literature by confirming VTE's relationship to important virtual team success factors and informing IS researchers about the appropriate choice of constructs when studying collective-level efficacy in virtual team settings.  相似文献   

13.
This paper presents the software architecture for a next generation concurrent engineering environment that helps geographically separated designers and engineers to collaborate effectively. The paper highlights research in computer-supported collaboration work (CSCW) based on various models of group interaction, social communication theory, negotiation theory and distributed artificial intelligence concepts. The paper describes CAIRO (Collaborative Agent Interaction and synchROnization) system, a distributed conferencing architecture for managing designers and engineers in a distributed design meeting. The CAIRO system allows designers and engineers to work together in virtual teams by supporting multi-media interactions over computer networks. CAIRO aids the concurrent engineering effort by relaxing the physical, temporal and organizational constraints experienced in traditional design meeting environments. CAIRO provides both media synchronization, i.e. ensuring that all information exchanged between users is synchronized, and agent synchronization, i.e. ensuring effective structuring and control of a distributed conference. This paper also details the prototype CAIRO system with a detailed example, illustrating its use in concurrent design settings.  相似文献   

14.
Although the role of motivation has been emphasised in knowledge-sharing literature, traditional motivation theories, such as self-determination theory (SDT), have not been actively used as a research framework in knowledge-sharing research. The purposes of this study are twofold. The first objective is to propose a model, based on SDT, to test the effect of the three basic psychological needs – perceived competence, perceived autonomy and perceived relatedness – on knowledge-sharing behaviours in virtual communities. The second objective is to explore the effects of familiarity and anonymity on the basic psychological needs to better understand individuals’ knowledge-sharing behaviours in virtual communities. The results show that perceived competence and perceived relatedness influence knowledge-sharing behaviours in virtual communities; however, perceived autonomy does not influence knowledge-sharing behaviours; familiarity influences positively perceived competence and perceived relatedness, and anonymity influences negatively perceived autonomy and perceived relatedness.  相似文献   

15.
The quality of group tacit knowledge   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
Organizational knowledge creation theory explains the process of making available and amplifying knowledge created by individuals as well as crystallizing and connecting it to an organization’s knowledge system. What individuals get to know in their (working) lives benefits their colleagues and, eventually, the wider organization. In this article, we briefly review central elements in organizational knowledge creation theory and show a research gap related to the quality of tacit knowledge in a group. We advance organizational knowledge creation theory by developing the concept of “quality of group tacit knowledge.” Based on this concept, we further develop a comprehensive model explaining different levels of tacit knowledge quality that a group can achieve. Finally, we discuss managerial implications resulting from our model and outline imperatives for future theory building and empirical research.  相似文献   

16.
Several collaboration problems in virtual project teams that work in knowledge-intensive contexts can be attributed to a hampered process of interpersonal trust formation. Solutions to trust formation problems need to be based on an understanding of how interpersonal trust forms in face-to-face project teams as well as on insight into how this process differs in virtual teams. Synthesizing literature from various disciplines, we propose a model for the formation of interpersonal trust between project team members. Taking this model as a starting point, we analyse how virtual settings may alter or even obstruct the process of trust formation. One method to improve the formation of interpersonal trust in virtual settings is to facilitate the assessment of trustworthiness. This can be done by making information available about individual virtual project team members. Previous research in virtual project teams focussed principally on the medium by which information is spread, for example, by phone, mail, or videoconferencing. Most researchers failed to take the specific content of the information into account, although there is general agreement that personal, non-task-related information is important to foster trust. For this, we propose to use the antecedents of trustworthiness, which until now have mainly been used as a framework to measure trust, as a design framework instead. This framework of antecedents can also be used to determine which type of information is relevant to assess each other’s trustworthiness. We review existing literature on the antecedents of trustworthiness and extend the well-accepted antecedents of ‘ability’, ‘benevolence’ and ‘integrity’ with several other antecedents, such as ‘communality’ and ‘accountability’. Together, these form the TrustWorthiness ANtecedents (TWAN) schema. We describe how these antecedents can be used to determine which information is relevant for team members assessing others’ trustworthiness. In future research we will first verify this extended cognitive schema of trustworthiness (TWAN) empirically and then apply it to the design of artefacts or guidelines, such as a personal identity profile to support the assessment of trustworthiness in virtual project teams.  相似文献   

17.
As knowledge management systems within organisations, professional virtual communities (PVCs) are popular knowledge-seeking tools, which bring together geographically dispersed members from outside of the organisations. An increasing number of employees use PVCs for knowledge seeking, knowledge exchange and problem solving at work. Why do members choose to receive knowledge from other community members in PVCs needs to be understood. This paper extends Ajzen's [1991. The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2), 179–211] theory of planned behaviour to elicit external beliefs in terms of personal motivation, as well as technological and social factors, and to examine the relative importance of these factors. According to this study's online survey of 323 members in three PVCs, the results show that the significance of beliefs, such as system quality, compatibility, trust, knowledge growth and knowledge quality, in creating positive attitudes towards knowledge seeking. Community identification is shown as a salient belief for the subjective norms of knowledge seeking. System quality and resource availability are revealed as important determinants for perceived behavioural control of knowledge seeking. Knowledge-seeking intention is based on the attitude towards knowledge seeking and the subjective norm of knowledge seeking, whereas knowledge-seeking behaviour is solely determined by knowledge-seeking intention. Implications for research and practice are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
虚拟企业盟员间的知识转移,能够增加盟员企业收益;盟主企业对盟员企业知识转移的激励行为,能够适当降低盟员企业知识转移的风险和成本,提高整个虚拟企业的知识收益。依据演化博弈理论及虚拟企业知识转移基本理论,采用复杂适应系统多智能(Multi-Agent)体的整体建模仿真方法,在NetLogo仿真平台上建立知识转移激励行为的演化博弈仿真模型,在不同的收益参数下对盟主企业的知识转移激励行为与盟员企业间知识转移进行演化博弈分析,得出盟主企业在针对盟员企业知识转移行为时应采取的策略。通过对虚拟企业知识转移激励机理的演化博弈分析,将有助于虚拟企业知识转移激励机制的建立。  相似文献   

19.
《Computers & Education》2013,60(4):1199-1214
The ability to solve complex scientific problems is regarded as one of the key competencies in science education. Until now, research on problem solving focused on the relationship between analytical and complex problem solving, but rarely took into account the structure of problem-solving processes and metacognitive aspects. This paper, therefore, presents a theoretical framework, which describes the relationship between the components of problem solving and strategy knowledge.In order to assess the constructs, we developed a virtual environment which allows students to solve interactive and static problems. 162 students of grade 10 and the upper secondary level completed the tests within a cross-sectional survey. In order to investigate the structure of problem-solving competency, we established measurement models representing different theoretical assumptions, and evaluated model fit statistics by using confirmatory factor analyses.Results show that problem-solving competency in virtual environments comprises to three correlated abilities: achieving a goal state, systematical handling of variables, and solving analytical tasks. Furthermore, our study provides empirical evidence on the distinction between analytical and complex problem solving.Additionally, we found significant differences between students of grades 10 and 12 within the problem-solving subscales, which could be explained by gaming experience and prior knowledge. These findings are discussed from a measurement perspective. Implications for assessing complex problem solving are given.  相似文献   

20.
We use knowledge‐based theory to develop and test a model of client–vendor knowledge transfer at the level of the individual offshore information systems engineer. We define knowledge transfer in this context in terms of mechanisms by which an offshore engineer employed by a vendor can (a) gain understanding of their onshore client; and (b) utilize their knowledge for the benefit of the client. Over large geographic, cultural and institutional distances, effective knowledge transfer is difficult to achieve, although it is central to the success of many offshore outsourcing contracts. Our empirical test consists of a survey of vendor software engineers physically located in India but working on development projects for clients in Europe and the United States. The findings support predictions regarding engineer exposure to explicit and tacit knowledge: We find client–vendor knowledge transfer to the offshore vendor engineer to be positively associated with formal training and client embedment. We also test whether an offshore vendor engineer's inappropriate reliance on informal discussions in the offshore location hinders effective client–vendor knowledge transfer. Our result for this is mixed. Finally, we show differences between offshore engineers who have had previous onshore experience and those who have not. Client embedment is a potent driver of knowledge transfer when the offshore engineer has had previous onshore placement, while it acts to reduce inappropriate reliance on informal discussions for those that have not had an onshore placement.  相似文献   

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