Effects of Si on the stability of retained austenite and temper embrittlement of ultrahigh strength steels

Effects of silicon(Si)content on the stability of retained austenite and temper embrittlement of ultrahigh strength steels were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and other experimental methods.The results show that Si can suppress temper embrittlement,improve temper resistance,and hinder the decomposition of retained austenite.Reversed austenite appears gradually with the increase of Si content during tempering.Si has a significant effect on enhancing carbon(C)partitioning and improving the stability of retained austenite.Si and C atoms are mutually exclusive in lath bainite,while they attract each other in austenite.g-carbides are found in 1.8wt％ Si steel tempered at 250℃,and they get coarsened obviously when tempered at 400℃,leading to temper embrittlement.Not ε-carbides but acicular or lath carbides lead to temper embrittlement in 0.4wt％ Si steel,which can be inferred as cementites and composite compounds.Temper embrittlement is closely related to the decomposition of retained austenite and the formation of reversed austenite.     

Effect of zirconium addition on the austenite grain coarsening behavior and mechanical properties of 900 MPa low carbon bainite steel

The ultra-free bainitic microstructure of a 900 MPa low carbon bainitic Cu-Ni-Mo-B steel was obtained by a newly developed relaxation precipitation control (RPC) phase transformation processing.In a pan-cake like prior-anstenite grain,the microstructure consisted of lath bainite,a little of abnormal granular bainite,and acicular ferrite.The effect of zirconium carbonitrides on the austenite grain coarsening behavior was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The results show that,the lath is narrower with increasing cooling rate.The ratio of all kinds of bainitic microstructure is proper with the intermediate cooling rate;and Zr-containing precipitates distribute uniformly,which restrains austenite grain growing in heat-affected welding zone.     

卷取温度对热轧TRIP钢残奥及力学性能的影响

为了研究卷取温度对热轧TRIP钢的残余奥氏体和力学性能的影响,使用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、x-射线衍射、拉伸实验等方法对三种卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢进行分析.结果显示,随着卷取温度的降低,残余奥氏体晶粒尺寸变小,残奥体积分数和碳的质量分数也变小.450 ℃和400 ℃卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢的残奥形貌的圆整性相差不大,而350 ℃卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢的残奥形貌较圆整.热轧TRIP钢的力学性能随着卷取温度的降低表现为高的屈服强度和低伸长率,450 ℃卷取温度下制备的热轧TRIP钢的综合力学性能最优.     

奥氏体不锈钢晶粒度对晶间腐蚀速度的影响

晶间腐蚀是诱导奥氏体不锈钢产生破坏的主要原因,而晶粒度对晶间腐蚀速度的影响不容忽视。通过在敏化温度和固溶处理温度对奥氏体不锈钢进行相应的热处理,利用草酸电解腐蚀法观察金相组织,并评定其晶粒度大小,通过极化曲线腐蚀实验,比较了奥氏体不锈钢晶粒度对晶间腐蚀速度地影响。实验结果表明奥氏体不锈钢在不同热处理条件下,其晶粒大小随保温时间延长而增大。随着奥氏体不锈钢组织的晶粒粗大,其晶粒度越小,奥氏体晶粒的晶间腐蚀的速度减慢。     

双相不锈钢表面奥氏体高氮层的制备技术

高温渗氮是在奥氏体/铁素体双相不锈钢表面形成奥氏体高氮层的一种有效方法.为了获得氮含量高、组织均匀且适合于后续加工的表面高氮不锈钢层，必须确定合理的高温渗氮工艺.通过优化高温渗氮工艺参数，研究了双相不锈钢高温渗氮过程中加热温度、保温时间、氮气压力等对渗氮效果的影响.结果表明，通过高温高压渗氮可使不锈钢表面形成高氮氮化层，可使双相不锈钢通过渗氮发生表面奥氏体转变，获得组织梯度变化的多相复合不锈钢材料.     

Effect of tempering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of an copper-bearing low carbon bainitic steel

The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-high strength, copperbearing, low-carbon bainitic steel has been investigated in the experiment. The results showed that the microstructure was mainly the laths of bainite in the as-quenched steel. The bainitic laths were restored and combined after the steel tempered at various tempera- tures. There were rnartensite/austenite （M/A） islands and numerous dislocations within and between the bainitic laths, while very t-me precipitates of ε-Cu were also observed within the laths. With increasing the tempered temperature from 400 to 600℃, the yield strength （YS） increased from 877 to 957 MPa, whereas the ultimate tensile strength （UTS） decreased from 1020 to 985 MPa. The Charpy V-notch （CVN） varied from 68.5 to 42 J, and the value was minimal for the steel tempered at 500℃. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Influence of prior austenite grain size on the critical strain for completion of DEFT through hot compression test

A low carbon steel was used to determine the critical strain εc for completion of deformation enhanced ferrite transformation （DEFT） through a series of hot compression tests. In addition, the influence of prior austenite grain size （PAGS） on the critical strain was systematically investigated. Experimental results showed that the critical strain is affected by PAGS. When γ→α transformation completes, the smaller the PAGS is, the smaller the critical strain is. The ferrite grains obtained through DEFT can be refined to about 3 μm when the DEFT is completed.     

钢结构稳定设计探讨

讨论了影响钢结构稳定承载力的主要因素,依据我国现行《钢结构设计规范》,阐述了在设计中钢结构失稳各种因素的影响,提出了稳定设计的特点及目前存在的问题。     

Precipitation and growth of titanium nitride during solidification of clean steel

With the help of solidification kinetics, precipitation and growth of TiN have been studied theoretically and the effect of cooling rate on the growth of TiN has been discussed. Through induction electric furnace experiment and electroslag remelting experiment with different cooling rates, the distribution and particle size of TiN were investigated. It is proved that the higher cooling rate is, the smaller the final size of TiN is and the more TiN particles can be found in the steel. That TiN can restrain the growth of columnar crystal and enhance the proportion of equiaxed crystals to refine solidification structure as the heterogeneous nucleation sites of 8-ferrite is confirmed preliminarily. A new method to reduce macrosegregation in continuous cast steel is provided.     

以Mn、N代Ni奥氏体耐热钢的高温氧化

锅炉燃烧喷嘴(简称喷嘴)是发电厂锅炉燃烧设备的重要部件，用于把煤粉输送入锅炉的燃烧室内.它与锅炉连接的一端温度高达1?100?℃，同时受到煤粉的冲刷磨损.因此，要求喷嘴在高温下具有良好的抗变形、抗氧化性和耐磨性.在25 20耐热钢成分的基础上，添加Mn、N，并减少Ni含量，以求达到降低锅炉燃烧器喷嘴材料成本的目的，由此研制出了几种耐热钢.将25 20钢与之在900、1?000、1?150?℃时的氧化做了对比试验，并通过高温氧化增重计算及氧化膜的X射线衍射分析，对新材料在高温条件下的氧化机理进行了研究和讨论.提出了在不同温度下可能替代25 20钢的钢种及依据.     

Research and development of 780 MPa cold rolling TRIP-aided steel

As an industry-university cooperative project, an experimental research was conducted to develop a new cold-rolled transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel with a tensile strength of 780 MPa and an elongation of 25% under the conditions that some processing parameters were preestablished according to the actual conditions of factory production lines. The optimal heat treatment conditions for obtaining excellent strength-ductility balance, specifically in intercritical annealing temperature and isother...     

两相区热处理对9Ni钢低温韧性的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等分析手段研究了两相区热处理工艺参数对9Ni钢组织和低温韧性的影响。结果表明,中间淬火温度及回火温度对低温韧性有显著的影响,温度过高和过低都会造成低温韧性的降低。同调质工艺相比,经两相区热处理后,回转奥氏体分布更加弥散、均匀,且析出数量增加。     

两相区热处理对9Ni钢低温韧性的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等分析手段研究了两相区热处理工艺参数对9Ni钢组织和低温韧性的 影响。结果表明,中间淬火温度及回火温度对低温韧性有显著的影响,温度过高和过低都会造成低温韧性的降低。 同调质工艺相比,经两相区热处理后,回转奥氏体分布更加弥散、均匀,且析出数量增加。     

Characteristics of retained austenite in TRIP steels with bainitic ferrite matrix

Heat treatment process for producing cold rolled transformation induced plasticity-aided (TRIP-aided) steels with bainitic ferrite matrix was adopted. Characteristics of retained austenite (RA) in such TRIP steels were investigated. SEM and OM determination results showed that the stable austenite retained at room temperature were mainly located between laths and some of them inside the coarse ferrite. The grains were uniformly distributed in heat treated steel matrix and the regularly dispersed RA represented to be triangular morphology. XRD analysis indicated that RA content in matrix was not less than 10%, and TEM testified that RA inside the matrix were formed at the prior austenite boundaries and represented to be single or twin crystals. The ductile fracture originated from the boundaries of martensite islands from RA and ferrite. The cracks propagated along grain boundaries and some passed through the large ferrite grains and induced transgranular fracture.     

Precipitation behaviors of X80 acicular ferrite pipeline steel

The precipitation behaviors of X80 acicular ferrite pipeline steel were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that dendritic precipitates in the as-cast steel slabs precipitate mainly in grain boundaries, and these dendritic precipitates dissolve and re-precipitate to two kinds of carbonitrides: Ti- and Nb-rich (Ti, Nb)(C, N) carbonitrides during reheating. Four types of precipitates mainly exist in the hot rolled plate: Ti-ri...     

低碳钢厚壁球非定常热应力计算

基于变温粘弹性松弛型本构理论、热传导方程和有限元方法,对低碳钢厚壁球的非定常热应力进行了分析。在非定常热应力计算时只要确定物体内部各点的温度历史,及其终态温度等效拉伸松弛曲线、等效剪切松弛曲线,便可计算出物体内各点的瞬时热应力。这在工业生产上具有广泛的应用价值。     

Precipitation and control of BN inclusions in 42CrMo steel and their effect on machinability

The precipitation and control of boron nitrogen （BN） inclusions in 42CrMo steel were investigated and their effect on machinability was analyzed. First, the precipitation regularity of BN in 42CrMo steel was studied by theoretical calculation. Then, the machinability of the steel was investigated through contrast cutting experiments, and the composition and cooling rate of the steel were controlled to analyze the variation laws of the size, distribution, and area ratio of BN inclusions. Finally, the results were combined with the machinability of the steel to analyze the relationship among them. It is found that the machinability of the steel is mainly influenced by the diameter and quantity of BN inclusions. Fine and dispersedly distributed BN inclusions are more beneficial for the improvement in machinability of 42CrMo steel than coarse and sparse BN inclusions.