±800 kV直流线路避雷器在锦苏线上的应用

为了提高±800 kV特高压直流输电线路抵御雷害风险能力,研究了±800 kV直流线路避雷器安装选点、基本参数、安装方案和工程应用。文中以±800 kV锦苏线浙江段为工程背景,对其线路走廊落雷情况进行了分析及差异化防雷评估,提出了安装选点原则,开展了避雷器的关键技术参数的理论计算及试验研究,分析了线路避雷器的安装要求,根据安装选点原则配置了避雷器,设计了一种复合绝缘子斜拉式安装方法,成功实施了±800 kV直流线路避雷器的大规模工程应用,对±800 kV直流线路避雷器在其余±800 kV直流输电线路的推广应用具有重要的实践和借鉴意义。     

330kV线路避雷器的开发和应用

介绍了330 kV线路型无间隙金属氧化物避雷器的主要性能参数的确定,以及通过避雷器电位分布的实际测量,优化避雷器的均压结构;对安装在杆塔上的330 kV线路避雷器,采用在避雷器高压端加装直径为1m的均压环,在第一节和第二节避雷器元件间安装均压环的均压措施,使得避雷器的最大电位分布不均匀系数小于或等于13.56%,保证了避雷器的可靠运行;提出了避雷器在不同类型的杆塔上的两种安装及避雷器安装点的选取原则.开发的避雷器已在陕西省多条330 kV线路上应用,取得了显著的防雷效果.     

Use of line surge arresters for the improvement of the lightningperformance of 63 kV and 90 kV shielded and unshielded transmissionlines

The lightning performance of 63 kV and 90 kV shielded and unshielded power transmission lines, protected by surge arresters are considered. A specialized software package is used for the computation of the line's fast front transients. A Monte Carlo statistical method, together with a three-dimensional electrogeometric model is used to determine the lightning stroke locations. Different arrester installation configurations are analyzed and compared. The energy duties of the transmission line surge arresters are computed statistically     

线路避雷器在输电线路防雷中的应用及建议

分析线路避雷器在天生桥地区220 kV及以上交流线路防雷工作中的应用情况。通过查询雷电定位系统,统计天生桥地区雷电参数,总结、分析2001年以来该地区输电线路雷击跳闸情况,结果表明安装线路避雷器能有效降低线路雷击跳闸率,具有较好的防雷效果。根据运行经验及线路避雷器只对安装塔安装相有保护作用的特点,提出了线路避雷器安装选点和运行维护方面的建议。     

35kV输电线路避雷器的雷电放电电流和吸收能量

在建立输电线路防雷计算模型的基础上,用电磁暂态计算程序对有、无避雷线的35 kV输电线路避雷器的雷电放电电流和吸收的雷电放电能量进行了计算。具体计算了不同幅值的雷电流作用下,不同冲击接地电阻时,线路上避雷器的放电电流和吸收的比能量,讨论了雷电流、接地电阻对放电电流和比能量的影响,并对分别装在有、无避雷线的输电线路上的避雷器的放电电流和比能量进行了纵向比较分析。     

Application studies of line arresters in partially shielded 138-kV transmission lines

The application of arresters on transmission lines has been one of the most effective alternatives for the reduction of lightning flashover rates. This paper reviews previous methods for evaluating lightning performance of lines with arresters. Improved calculations of line outage rates are developed to include power frequency voltage and arrester failure-rate evaluations, based on field experience. The transmission lines are modeled in detail in the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP)/(ATP) and the outage rates are calculated with the Monte Carlo method. Probability energy stresses on arresters are evaluated for strokes on conductors and shield wires as a function of tower footing resistance (TFR).     

Assessment of surge arrester failure rate and application studies in Hellenic high voltage transmission lines

The use of transmission line surge arresters to improve the lightning performance of transmission lines is becoming more common. Especially in areas with high soil resistivity and ground flash density, surge arresters constitute the most effective protection mean. In this paper a methodology for assessing the surge arrester failure rate based on the electrogeometrical model is presented. Critical currents that exceed arresters rated energy stress were estimated by the use of a simulation tool. The methodology is applied on operating Hellenic transmission lines of 150 kV. Several case studies are analyzed by installing surge arresters on different intervals, in relation to the region's tower footing resistance and the ground flash density. The obtained results are compared with real records of outage rate showing the effectiveness of the surge arresters in the reduction of the recorded failure rate. The presented methodology can be proved valuable to the studies of electric power systems designers intending in a more effective lightning protection, reducing the operational costs and providing continuity of service.     

500 kV线路避雷器保护失效分析及改进措施研究

线路避雷器是防止输电线路雷击跳闸的有效手段,随着高电压等级线路避雷器的使用,出现了因安装方式导致的线路避雷器保护失效问题。针对某500 kV输电线路发生的线路避雷器在大幅值雷电流反击下对绝缘子串保护失效的问题,采用电磁暂态分析软件ATP-EMTP建立了仿真分析模型,分别对雷电流绕击和反击情况下绝缘子串和线路避雷器两端承受的电压进行了量化,得出了导致反击情况下线路避雷器保护失效的原因;提出了对现有500 kV线路避雷器安装方式的改进方案,并对改进方案下反击雷电流导致的绝缘子串和线路避雷器两端电压波形进行了比较,验证了改进措施的有效性。所研究成果对于500 kV及以上电压等级线路避雷器的使用具有重要参考价值。     

复合外套避雷器在昌房500kV紧凑型线路的防雷效果分析

５００ ｋＶ昌房紧凑型线路采用线路避雷器后,能较大地提高线路的耐雷水平。紧凑型线路避雷器本体的荷电率取０．９,完全能承受雷击杆塔时的放电电流和放电能量。     

Investigation of effect of transmission line arresters verified by lightning surges at substations

In recent years, transmission line arresters have been installed to protect overhead power transmission lines from backflashovers caused by lightning. In addition, it has been expected that substation lightning surges incoming via transmission lines can be suppressed by them. However, the suppression effect by those with series gaps has not been investigated sufficiently. The author has measured lightning surges at two 77‐kV substations from 1990 to 1993. As the transmission line arresters have been mounted on the towers since 1992, the lightning surges due to the sparkover of the series gap of the transmission line arresters can be observed at the substations. In this paper, the lightning surge waveforms due to such sparkover have been analyzed in detail. Next, an accurate EMTP simulation method considering the induced lightning surge voltages has been proposed. Finally, their suppression effect has been investigated by simulation corresponding to each mounting method. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(4): 30–39, 1999     

采用线路型避雷器提高35 kV输电线路的耐雷水平

研究了在35 kV输电线路雷电"易击段"绝缘子串上并接线路避雷器来提高线路耐雷水平的方法。建立了雷电波作用下35 kV输电线路电磁暂态仿真计算模型,借助电磁暂态软件(ATP_EMTP)仿真分析了线路避雷器对35 kV输电线路耐雷水平的影响。计算结果表明,在"易击段"架设线路避雷器后,可明显提高35 kV输电线路的耐雷水平,尤其雷直击导线时,线路避雷器的作用效果更加明显;雷击杆塔塔顶时,杆塔接地电阻是影响35 kV输电线路耐雷水平的重要因素。最后,仿真估算了不同避雷器架设方案下35 kV输电线路的耐雷水平。本研究对于平原地区35 kV输电线路的线路防雷具有重要意义。     

安装避雷器后10 kV 配电线路的雷电感应过电压特性

安装避雷器是减少配电线路雷击故障的主要措施.采用时域有限差分(finite difference time domain,FDTD)算法求解多导体传输线场线耦合方程,重点研究安装避雷器的配电线路雷电感应过电压的波形特性和统计特性.对比分析了10 kV 配电线路在有/无避雷器,不同避雷器安装密度时感应过电压的波形和幅值.对不同避雷器安装密度时是否考虑直击雷的情况下线路最大感应过电压特征进行了分析,给出了安装避雷器后最大感应过电压概率分布、绝缘闪络率和闪络次数等统计结果,以及配电线路避雷器的推荐安装密度     

Lightning overvoltage protection of AC railroad vehicles bypolymeric arresters

In order to improve the operational reliability of AC railroad vehicles, ZnO surge arresters are used to protect them against overvoltages. The most serious threat to arresters installed on the roof of an AC railroad vehicle is the lightning overvoltage. When lightning strikes the mast or conductors, the distribution system can be treated as a system of multiple conductors including feeders, messenger wires, contact wires, protective wires and two tracks. The lightning impulse discharge current through the arrester and the absorbed impulse discharging energy by arrester in the actual field operation and the protective effect of arrester were analyzed by EMTP and discussed when lightning strikes the mast or distribution lines. When the arrester Is installed on the roof of a railroad vehicle, the potential difference on the primary side of high voltage transformer inside the vehicle is suppressed below 150 kV under very serious condition     

220kV双回同杆并架线路采用氧化锌避雷器提高耐雷水平的研究

对２２０ｋＶ双回同杆并架输电线路采用氧化锌避雷器以提高耐雷水平进行了计算分析,具体地比较了雷直击杆塔时安装不同支数避雷器的防雷效果,分析了接地电阻,线路档距等因素对耐雷水平的影响,同时计算了线路避雷器吸收的雷电放电能量,文章指出,采用线路避雷器,可以显著提高输电线路的耐雷水平,杆塔接地电阻对线路的耐雷水平影响很大,线路的耐雷水平基本上随接地电阻的增加而减小。     

110kV线路型避雷器的运行效果分析

根据易遭受雷击的110kV线路采用复合绝缘外套金属氧化物避雷器后的实际运行情况,对投运前后线路跳闸数据进行分析对比,说明了线路避雷器确实具有一定的防雷效果,也对其中某些问题提出了疑问和建议。     

输电线路避雷器断串分析与防范

目前采用的线路型避雷器多为绝缘子间隙避雷器。运行单位在安装线路避雷器时主要考虑的是避雷器的电气性能,很少对避雷器的安装形式和运行状态下的受力情况进行分析,以至运行中出现掉串现象。例举了一起线路型避雷器断串缺陷,通过计算分析得出断串的原因,并提出了避雷器安装的防范措施。     

多重雷击引起220kV断路器损坏的事故分析

针对220 kV线路雷击故障时雷电波侵入220 kV变电站内,引起220 kV断路器断口绝缘击穿,导致断路器内部损坏,建议开展110、220 kV SF_6断路器雷电冲击、反极性工频联合电压试验,并在强雷地区变电站110、220 kV架空出线侧加装避雷器保护。这些线路避雷器除了能防止断口内外闪络,也可以保护母线上的其他电气设备,显著地减少雷击的危害。     

750 kV输变电示范工程单相人工接地故障试验现场实测和计算分析

应用电磁暂态计算程序(electromagnetictransientprogram,EMTP)对安装金属氧化物避雷器的35kV配电线路的耐雷水平进行了分析计算。具体比较了雷击有、无避雷线的线路,采取不同避雷器安装方案时的耐雷水平;分析了杆塔冲击接地电阻、绕击导线位置对耐雷水平的影响。仿真计算结果表明,安装线路避雷器﹑减小杆塔的接地电阻可有效提高35kV配电线路的耐雷水平。对于35kV有避雷线配电线路,加装线路避雷器后可显著降低其发生绕击闪络的概率。     

Development of polymeric surge ZnO arresters for 500-kV compact transmission line

The 500-kV polymeric ZnO surge arresters for compact transmission line against lightning overvoltage were developed and have been put into operation, which consists of arrester unit and series gap. The design of the arrester unit, including structure design, selection of ZnO varistor, parameter determination, polymeric housing design, and mechanical structure design was discussed. The design of the series gap and the determination of the series gap length were presented. The calculated results state the line surge arrester can highly improve the lightning withstand level of the compact transmission line, and the line surge arrester can withstand the effects of lightning.     

陕西地区配电线路新型防雷装置研究与应用

针对陕西地区配电线路避雷器防雷效果不理想这一现状,提出一种多腔室雷击闪络限制器。该装置防雷性能优异,采用吹弧原理,熄弧能力强。经过试验,确定其串联级数为26级,电极直径8 mm,电极间隙1 mm,主间隙距离取45 mm时能可靠动作。工频湿耐受电压、50%雷电冲击动作电压、雷电冲击伏秒特性以及工频续流遮断能力均满足标准要求。装置在陕西地区典型线路上运行良好,防雷效果优异。