抗HIC压力容器用Q345R(R-HIC)钢焊接接头组织与性能研究

研发了抗HIC(Hydrogen Induced Cracking,氢致开裂)压力容器用Q345R(R-HIC)钢,并研究其焊接接头区域的显微组织及性能。结果表明,焊缝区、熔合区和热影响区显微组织主要由铁素体、贝氏体和珠光体组成。各区域热力学过程不同,焊接后显微组织存在明显差异:焊缝区显微组织主要由先共析铁素体、针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体组成;熔合区显微组织中贝氏体逐渐增多,铁素体逐渐减少;热影响区中的粗晶区显微组织几乎全部由贝氏体组成,细晶区和不完全重结晶区显微组织为等轴铁素体和珠光体组织。焊接接头具有良好的力学和抗氢致开裂性能。焊接接头微区硬度和冲击性能与显微组织关系密切:热影响区存在贝氏体组织导致其平均硬度最高、冲击功最低;针状铁素体具有良好的抗裂纹扩展能力,使得焊缝区具有良好的冲击韧性,冲击功最高。各区域差异的显微组织未对抗氢致开裂性能造成影响。     

熔模铸造模料显微组织与性能的分析

利用偏光显微镜和热分析,系统分析了二元、三元、四元及五元系熔模模料的显微组织,并测试了模料性能,考察了模料性能与其显微组织的依存关系。     

显微组织对管线钢硫化物应力腐蚀开裂的影响

研究了不同显微组织管线钢的抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂（SSCC）行为,结果表明,细小针状铁素体为主的显微组织抗SSCC性能最佳,超细铁素体的显微组织次之,（铁素体 珠光体）的显微组织最差,分析表明,氢脆是高强度管线钢在SSCC中的主要破坏形式。针状铁素体为主的显微组织,其内部高密度缠结位错和弥散析出的碳氮化物起到了强烈的氢陷阱作用,表现出最佳的抗SSCC性能。     

时效处理对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响

通过金相组织分析、显微硬度测试及断口扫描分析,研究了不同时效温度下AZ80镁合金的显微组织、显微硬度和韧度,分析了时效温度对性能的影响。结果表明时效温度对材料性能起主要作用。提出AZ80镁合金的优化时效温度为170℃。     

时效处理对AZ80镁合金组织性能的影响

通过金相组织分析、显微硬度测试及断口扫描分析,研究了不同时效温度下AZ80镁合金的显微组织、显微硬度和韧度,分析了时效温度对性能的影响.结果表明时效温度对材料性能起主要作用.提出AZ80镁合金的优化时效温度为170℃.     

耐磨钢铁的显微组织及其应用

分析了耐磨钢铁中奥氏体、马氏体、碳化物的结构和作用,介绍了奥氏体钢、马氏体钢和抗磨白口铸铁的应用情况.指出相同化学成分的耐磨钢铁,由于热处理工艺不同,得到不同的显微组织,致使材料的力学性能、抗磨损性能、耐热耐蚀性能相差甚多,显微组织决定耐磨钢铁材料的性能.     

钛合金显微组织与性能定量关系的模型

提出利用软计算方法定量分析钛合金显微组织与性能的关系。在实现钛合金显微组织的定量分析和参数化表征的基础上,探讨以钛合金显微组织特征参数为输入变量、以性能为预测输出变量的组织与性能定量关系模型的构建方法。依据长期实践中得到的组织影响性能的定性规律及热加工工艺对组织特征的影响程度,提出定量关系模型显微组织信息预处理过程中组织特征参数评价取舍原则。运用人工神经网络建立Ti-17合金组织与室温拉伸力学性能的定量关系模型,研究建模的具体方法。该模型对各项性能指标具有较高的预测精度,说明提出的建模思想合理和模型构建方法可行     

6061-T6铝合金超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

将超声振动施加在搅拌头前方的待焊工件上,开展了6061-T6铝合金板超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验。通过显微组织观察、拉伸试验和显微硬度测试来评价接头组织与性能,比较了超声振动条件下的接头组织与性能与常规搅拌摩擦焊接头的差异。试验结果表明,超声振动细化了焊核区和热机影响区的晶粒组织,提高了接头抗拉强度、断后伸长率和显微硬度。     

回火温度对淬火态40CrNiMoA钢组织与力学性能的影响

通过显微组织观察,拉伸性能、硬度、冲击性能的测定和冲击断口分析,研究了不同回火温度对淬火态40CrNiMoA钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着回火温度的提高,40CrNiMoA钢显微组织中粗大板条马氏体逐渐分解的同时碳化物集聚并长大,组织由最初淬火态的马氏体逐渐转变为回火索氏体;40CrNiMoA钢的强度、硬度呈下降趋势,塑性和韧性呈上升趋势。     

激光熔覆F305粉加WC的界面组织与性能

在球墨铸铁基体上进行送粉激光熔覆,通过改变扫描速度和送粉速率获得不同条件下的熔覆层,并对其进行显微组织观察与性能测试,从而得出工艺参数对熔覆层组织、性能的影响规律,并结合凝固理论探讨了熔覆层显微组织和性能不均匀性的产生原因.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.