高速破片在防雷舱结构中引起的冲击荷载的理论研究

运用一维平面波理论,研究大型高速破片在防雷舱结构中引起的冲击荷载,得到了初始冲击荷载的理论公式。与有限元计算结果进行比较,证明了理论公式的正确性。运用理论计算公式分析了破片参数对冲击荷载的影响,结果表明：破片速度与冲击荷载峰值成正比,速度越快,峰值越大;速度越慢,峰值越小。而破片速度对冲击荷载的衰减没有影响,即不同速度的破片在水中引起的冲击荷载具有相同的衰减规律。不同厚度破片引起的冲击荷载的具有相同的峰值,但有不同的作用时间。破片的越厚,荷载作用时间越长;破片越薄,荷载作用时间越短。最后基于理论分析确定了几何衰减的函数形式,采用数值试验数据进行回归分析,得到了冲击波的几何衰减系数。     

炸药爆速连续测量的杂波分析及新型探针的研制

针对商用连续电阻丝探针在实际爆速测量过程中易出现间断、跳跃等波形不连续问题,通过理论推导和数值仿真,分析了产生此类杂波的若干原因:外界电磁波干扰、探针中空气冲击波与金属射流干扰。同时结合分析结果,提出了消除各类干扰因素的方法,即通过元件外壳接地和对整个测试电路进行严格的电磁屏蔽;采用压致导通原理代替原先的高温电离导通,改进探针结构和制作工艺,以消除金属射流与降低前驱空气冲击波的影响,最终构建了抗杂波干扰的新型压导探针连续爆速测试系统,测得了较为光滑的爆速曲线,提高了测试数据的准确性。     

炸药爆速连续测量的杂波分析及新型探针的研制

针对商用连续电阻丝探针在实际爆速测量过程中易出现间断、跳跃等波形不连续问题,通过理论推导和数值仿真,分析了产生此类杂波的若干原因:外界电磁波干扰、探针中空气冲击波与金属射流干扰。同时结合分析结果,提出了消除各类干扰因素的方法,即通过元件外壳接地和对整个测试电路进行严格的电磁屏蔽;采用压致导通原理代替原先的高温电离导通,改进探针结构和制作工艺,以消除金属射流与降低前驱空气冲击波的影响,最终构建了抗杂波干扰的新型压导探针连续爆速测试系统,测得了较为光滑的爆速曲线,提高了测试数据的准确性。     

The transient responses of two-layered cylindrical shells attacked by underwater explosive shock waves

An approximation solution is introduced for the dynamic response of a two-layered cylindrical shell of circular cross-section subjected to an underwater explosive shock wave. The solution is obtained within the framework of the Flugge thin shell theory and the reflected-afterflow-virtual-source (RAVS) method is used to account for the fluid–structure interaction. Detailed numerical computations are carried out, in dimensionless form, for the cases of infinitely long two-layered cylindrical shells. Time histories of nondimensional radial velocity, mid-surface strain, 0th mode radial displacement and 1st mode radial velocity are presented in graphical form and the effects of elastic modulus, shell radius and thickness on the transient response characteristics of the shells are investigated.     

爆炸冲击波超压加载伪随机网壳的分布规律研究

采用缩比模型爆炸试验与数值仿真相结合的方法,开展了爆炸冲击波超压加载伪随机网壳的分布规律研究。首先,选取具有代表性的某伪随机140面体网壳结构,开展了缩比模型爆炸试验,获得了表面特征测点的冲击波超压数据;之后,对比分析了试验与仿真结果的误差及原因,以试验数据为基础,建立了爆炸冲击波与某伪随机140面体网壳结构相互作用的数值仿真模型,并对空中爆炸和地面爆炸的3种不同距离共6种工况下,网壳结构的特征表面超压作用过程进行了计算和分析,拓展了试验结果;最后,对伪随机网壳表面冲击波超压分布规律进行了研究,并提出了增强网壳结构安全性的防护措施,为伪随机网壳结构抗冲击安全设计提供了参考。结果表明:与传统对称网壳结构相比,伪随机网壳在超压峰值分布规律和作用机制等方面都更为复杂,受到结构伪随机特性的影响,在相似位置表面,超压峰值也有明显差异;网壳迎爆面底部和中部超压峰值与其他部位相比,一般较高;在网壳外一定距离构筑防爆墙和加固网壳中部及底部节点的方法,可提升伪随机网壳结构的抗冲击安全性。     

模拟破片杀伤战斗部空爆冲击波与高速破片群联合作用的等效试验方法

破片杀伤战斗部空爆冲击波与高速破片群联合毁伤作用下目标结构的毁伤特性、防护效能等是当前防护领域的热点和难点,但目前的试验研究手段和方法存在不足,为此,提出采用等效缩比战斗部(其原理为炸药爆炸驱动预制破片分散)来模拟破片杀伤战斗部,可作为进行空爆冲击波与高速破片群对防护结构的联合毁伤作用的实验方法。在确定防御目标战斗部、防御目标弹丸和几何缩尺比的基础上,根据爆炸力学相关经验公式,提出了求解等效缩比战斗部的装药和预制破片的相关参数的等效计算方法。该等效试验方法考虑了多破片侵彻的增强效应以及与爆炸冲击波的联合毁伤增强效应,且等效计算方法参数较少、简单实用。     

浸没的圆柱壳在冲击波作用下动响应的Galerkin解法

研究了无粘、无旋和不可压缩流体中两端简支圆柱壳在给定冲击波作用下的动响应。圆柱壳的运动方程中考虑了流体动压力和冲击波压力的共同作用，通过将冲击波压力分布函数表示为Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ级数有限项形式，并利用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法对耦合方程进行数值求解，得到了圆柱壳在冲击波作用下的位移响应特性     

爆炸冲击波信号处理方法比较

空中爆炸冲击波的实测信号中,常有幅值很大的瞬时干扰信号,冲击波超压峰值的获取往往需要采用后期信号处理的方法。针对模爆器产生的爆炸冲击波超压的特点,采用"经验拟合"和"数字滤波"2种不同的处理方法进行信号的消噪处理,通过对试验测试结果的比较研究,肯定了传统的经验公式拟合方法在爆炸冲击波信号处理中的适用性。     

Optical diagnostics of dynamic structures in shock waves

We demonstrate the possibility of applying optical diagnostics based on laser Doppler anemometry techniques and the laser imaging of dynamic density fields to the investigation of kinematic and structural parameters of shock waves and the properties of air perturbed by shock waves. Using the proposed methods, dynamic structures in the shock wave have been revealed and the velocity of their motion over the wave front has been determined. It is suggested that these dynamic structures have an oscillatory nature.     

多孔薄壁圆筒型壳体振动特性的仿真与验证

多孔薄壁圆筒型壳体常作为换能器的防撞结构,其在水中的固有频率附近的振动可能会对换能器的声学性能产生一定影响,因此设计壳体时进行模态分析是必要的。对壳体进行模态仿真分析和结构优化,采用近似法解决了无限水域的附加水质量给壳体模态带来影响的问题,该方法对壳体结构的设计具有一定指导作用。     

空气不耦合装药孔壁初始冲击压力的计算

为了求解空气不耦合装药时孔壁所受到的初始冲击压力,首先分析了空气不耦合装药爆轰后冲击波作用于孔壁的物理过程,然后建立了空气冲击波在炮孔内的衰减传播模型,探讨了爆轰扰动空气形成的空气冲击波在炮孔内的传播规律,并依据空气层与爆生气体在界面处的连续条件,推导了空气冲击波入射孔壁时参数的计算公式;最后基于入射空气冲击波与孔壁交界面两侧压力和速度相等的连续性条件,推导出了孔壁初始冲击波参数的计算方程组。用方程组计算的孔壁压力与常用公式计算值、数值模拟结果和实验结果进行比较,发现用方程组计算的孔壁压力与实验结果更吻合,相对误差较小。     

激光冲击2024 铝合金诱导动态应力应变实验研究

为了研究激光冲击波动态加载过程中金属材料的动态应力应变特性,采用高功率激光器单次冲击2024 铝合金薄板,利     

The use of metal foam projectiles to simulate shock loading on a structure

Metal foam projectiles are used to generate dynamic pressure–time histories representative of shock loading in water and air. A 1D plastic shock wave analysis is performed for a foam projectile impacting a free but rigid mass. It is shown that the pressure versus time pulse exerted on the mass and the shock arrest distance within the foam depend upon the ratio of foam mass to impacted mass, and upon the ratio of quasi-static to hydrodynamic strength of the foam. The theory is supported by two sets of experiments, one where Alporas foam impacts an instrumented Kolsky pressure bar, and one where the foam is fired at a free mass. It is demonstrated that the magnitude and duration of the pressure pulse can be controlled by suitable adjustment of the velocity, length and density of the foam projectile.     

多层差异性气泡帷幕对水下爆破冲击波的衰减效应的试验研究

为评估气泡帷幕产生的气水混合层对冲击波能量的衰减效应,设计了乳化炸药水下延期爆破试验,研究气泡帷幕对水下爆破冲击波的影响。以冲击波斜入射条件下波阻抗差异性为研究对象,设计多层差异性气泡帷幕。以距爆心12 m处帷幕前、后测点处的冲击波衰减率为评价指标,测得多排孔气泡帷幕前测点处的冲击波压力峰值为1.518 MPa和1.493 MPa,帷幕后测点处的冲击波压力峰值为0.026 MPa和0.034 MPa,冲击波综合衰减率为97.72%⁹8.29%。与陆上岩石爆破冲击波传播规律相比,水下爆破冲击波作用时间短,波阵传播速度快,冲击波压力更大,且传递过程中能量损耗少,传递效率高,同等爆破当量的条件下水下爆破对结构的损害更大。采用多层差异性气泡帷幕对水下爆破施工进行防护,可以在完成水下炸礁爆破施工任务的同时,不破坏水下生态环境。     

Interaction of shock wave with subsonic heated layer

The problem of attenuation of an incident shock wave on the passage through a heated layer of finite thickness has been considered by numerical methods. Three possible regimes of interaction of the incident shock wave with the heated layer are revealed. It is shown that a significant decrease in intensity of the incident shock wave is caused by its interaction with a heated subsonic jet trace.     

常规弹药爆炸破片和冲击波作用规律理论研究

研究常规弹药爆炸后破片和冲击波的作用规律。通过对弹片和冲击波运动规律的分析认为,按照以往的模型进行计算时,存在TNT当量不守恒的问题。研究了TNT当量守恒条件下,冲击波和破片同时到达目标距离的问题,所得计算模型较以往的模型更为合理。对于mpmax,冲击波和破片同时到达的距离为4.26 m,以往模型为3.76 m;对于mp,冲击波和破片同时到达的距离为4.30 m,而以往模型为3.83 m,偏差约13%。另外,经过理论推导和计算认为,冲击波和破片同时到达目标的距离,与破片形状和破片质量关系不大。     

激波驱动下硝酸异丙酯的分散变化规律研究

研究液滴的分散过程对于阻止火灾蔓延、提高内燃机效率、改进云雾爆轰武器和提高云雾爆轰控制技术有着重要的作用。通过高速摄影技术以及压力测量系统,着重研究液态燃料硝酸异丙酯（IPN）的分散过程,分析液膜厚度和激波强度对IPN液膜分散的影响。IPN液膜初始阶段以水平方向的分散为主;随后,以竖直方向的分散为主。水平方向,液膜抛洒先进入减速阶段,随着液膜厚度H的增加,液膜分散效果变差,分散需要的时间更长,其分散表征与石油醚相似。IPN液膜分散所需能量要高于石油醚。激波强度超过某个值之后,超压比ε随液膜厚度H呈线性变化,可以为液膜分散提供足够的能量。当H＜12 mm时,IPN液膜的分散变化过程主要受激波强度影响;当H＞12 mm时,IPN液膜的分散变化过程主要受液膜厚度影响。     

Calculations of Lamb wave band gaps and dispersions for piezoelectric phononic plates using mindlin's theory-based plane wave expansion method

Based on Mindlin's piezoelectric plate theory and the plane wave expansion method, a formulation is proposed to study the frequency band gaps and dispersion relations of the lower-order Lamb waves in two-dimensional piezoelectric phononic plates. The method is applied to analyze the phononic plates composed of solid-solid and airsolid constituents with square and triangular lattices, respectively. Factors that influence the opening and width of the complete Lamb wave gaps are identified and discussed. For solid/solid phononic plates, it is suggested that the filling material be chosen with larger mass density, proper stiffness, and weak anisotropic factor embedded in a soft matrix in order to obtain wider complete band gaps of the lower-order Lamb waves. By comparing to the calculated results without considering the piezoelectricity, the influences of piezoelectric effect on Lamb waves are analyzed as well. On the other hand, for air/solid phononic plates, a background material itself with proper anisotropy and a high filling fraction of air may favor the opening of the complete Lamb wave gaps.     

Most unstable waves of a stagnant planar liquid film blown by a high speed viscous gas with a Blasius velocity profile

Summary The linear most unstable waves generated on the surface of a stagnant planar liquid (gasoline) film with infinite thickness, blown by a high speed viscous gas (air) with a Blasius velocity profile, are computed and analyzed. The free-stream velocity of the gas ranges from 30 m/s to 50 m/s, which is typical of high speed atomization problems. The Reynolds number based on the local thickness of the boundarylayer lies between 200 and 2500. The numerical computation shows that the dimensional wavelength of the most unstable wave is a power functions of the boundary-layer thickness (or Reynolds number) with a power close to 3/4, while the growth rate is inversely proportional to the boundary-layer thickness. When reducing the boundary-layer thickness, the visocus results approach the inviscid results. This result shows that, under the present parameter range, the gas viscosity would have a secondary role on the atomization speed and important influence on the droplet size.     

离岸深水全直桩码头的地震损伤分析

全直桩码头作为离岸深水海域广泛应用的一种高桩码头结构形式,其抗震性能和地震损伤破坏机理尚未被掌握。采用集中参数模型和附加质量法分别考虑桩-土相互作用和地震动水压力作用,应用纤维单元模型进行全直桩码头结构的地震损伤分析,并定义了基桩构件损伤准则和结构整体损伤准则。对一榀全直桩码头进行了强震作用下的损伤分析,结果表明全直桩码头结构在不同土层间和土与水间的交界处以及基桩顶部位置的基桩损伤较大,达到严重损伤程度;随着土层剪切波速的减小,结构的地震损伤指数明显增大,并且改变土层剪切波速会明显影响基桩的损伤分布模式;当剪切波速为100 m/s时,水深变化对码头地震损伤影响基本可以忽略;当剪切波速为400 m/s时,随着水深增加,结构地震损伤指数明显增大。