三类新型随机粗糙面模型的快速散射特性分析

基于表面粗糙度对雷达目标电磁散射特性的影响,为真实地模拟实际自然场境,提出了三类粗糙环境中表面粗糙度不同的新型分区域复合随机粗糙面模型.采用在同一粗糙面上使用不同均方根高度和相关长度的方法进行建模,替代了传统的单一谱函数模型.应用稀疏矩阵平面迭代/规范网格法快速计算了此三类新型随机粗糙面模型的电磁散射特性,重点分析了不同表面粗糙度模型对于环境电磁散射特性的影响,为研究、分析和探测符合实际自然环境的地形、地貌提供了理论依据.     

粗糙面上混杂非球形粒子层全极化散射数值模拟

推导了随机取向有限细长圆柱的散射振幅函数,构造了粗糙面上非球形粒子层的矢量辐射传输方程的一阶Mueller矩阵解,包含了粗糙面面散射和粒子层体散射的五种散射机制.建立了粗糙面上混杂非球形粒子层的植被模型,其中垂直地面的有限长圆柱模拟树干,随机取向的有限细长圆柱模拟树枝,针状盘状粒子模拟针叶阔叶等.数值计算了粗糙面上混杂非球形粒子层的全极化散射,分析了各种散射机制的贡献,并与植被层散射的实验数据作了对比和分析.     

三维介质粗糙面上导体目标散射的解析-数值混合算法

推导出二维介质粗糙面与其上三维导体目标复合散射的耦合积分方程,提出目标散射的数值矩量法(Method of Moment,MoM)与粗糙面散射的基尔霍夫解析近似法(Kirchhoff Approximation,KA)相结合的混合迭代算法.理论推导表明:当目标距离粗糙面的高度满足条件时,目标的离散单元在粗糙面上任意一点的散射场满足局部平面波关系,利用粗糙面局部面元的反射和透射关系,得出粗糙面感应场的KA解析计算式.由于粗糙表面的感应场用KA解析计算,只需对目标的感应电流进行一次数值积分,无需数值求解粗糙面的积分方程,节省大量的存储空间和运算时间,能在理论上十分简明、数值计算上十分有效地求解三维体目标与面目标组合的复合散射问题.讨论了目标与粗糙面相互作用的互耦迭代算法的有效性和收敛性.结合Monte-Carlo方法产生随机粗糙面样本,数值分析Gauss介质粗糙面上方的规则导体球或任意不规则六面体的散射,讨论了粗糙面的介电参数和目标几何形状等对双站散射的影响.     

空间目标激光雷达散射波实验室模拟技术

散射特性是目标光学重要特征之一,是激光雷达对目标探测与识别的基础,为获取散射波特性数值,提出空间目标激光雷达散射波实验室模拟技术.首先利用积分方程将散射场分成切面近似场与补偿场,分别计算散射场与散射功率;其次根据双频互相关函数推导空间目标激光雷达方程,获取单位面积的激光雷达截面与双向分布函数之间关系,确定光滑、中等粗糙...     

随机粗糙面上目标散射差值计算的快速互耦迭代方法

用粗糙面上方有目标和无目标时空间散射场的差值计算的雷达散射截面,称为差场雷达散射截面.本文推导TE波入射下电场积分方程(EFIE),直接求解散射差场.本文提出目标与粗糙面之间的互耦迭代的计算方法,散射场纳入了目标与粗糙面之间复杂的相互作用,给出了迭代过程中纳入的粗糙面长度的选择.用Monte-Carlo方法,计算了P-M谱粗糙海面上方二维圆柱和方柱的散射,说明目标的几何结构对散射方向图的影响.     

数值模拟低掠角入射海面与船目标的双站散射

为研究风驱粗糙海面上有船目标时的双站散射,提出了一种结合广义前后的迭代方法（GFBM）与谱加速算法（SAA）快速求解双站散射的Monte Carlo数值方法,计算了在TE、TM锥形波低掠角入射在一维Pierson-Moskowitz谱粗糙导体海面以及船目标存在时的双站散射,数值模拟了在低掠角入射条件下,包含多次散射传播的粗糙海面与目标的双站散射与极化、频率、视角和海面风速等参数的关系。     

一维微粗糙面与其上方金属平板的复合电磁散射研究

研究了一维导体随机粗糙面与其上方金属平板的复合电磁散射。应用互易性原理使求解复合目标的二次散射场简化为求解包含平板上的极化电流和微粗糙面散射场的积分方程。利用物理光学近似和粗糙面微扰法分别计算了平板上的感应电流和粗糙面的电磁散射场,导出了复合散射模型单、双站散射的计算公式并给出了单站数值计算结果,讨论了后向复合散射截面随入射频率及平板尺寸、位置的变化关系。     

电磁场与微波技术

044 97010750电磁场对人体的影响/魏燎原,董振忠(长春大学)l/光机电信息一1996,(21)一18~20 文中讨论了人体的微观电磁结构与外界电磁场相互作用的机理,指出电磁场对人体诸多方面的神奇影响.提出了外磁场与人体磁场相互作用有序平衡的理论.参3(许)0441 97010751正弦型粗糙面上方平板的电磁波散射/朱国强,曹秦峰,杨河林(武汉大学)/l武汉大学学报(自然科学版).一1996,42(5)一661~668 建立了海洋粗糙面上目标电磁波散射的简化模型—正弦型剖面粗糙面上矩形平板的电磁波散射。将目标与粗糙面之间的相互作用表示为物理光学的双次反射;讨论了平板…     

电波传播

0100421一维随机粗糙面电磁散射的小波矩量解[刊]/郭立新//西安电子科技大学学报.—2000.27(5).—585～589(D)粗糙面的电磁散射问题可以归结为一个电场积分方程。采用小波基函数将积分算子展开,利用矩量法求解矩阵方程,得到一维随机粗糙面的等效电流分布,并进一步得到散射场,所得结果与有关文献的结果基本一致。参8     

目标与复杂地海面复合电磁散射研究现状综述

目标与复杂地海环境复合电磁散射研究一直是电磁领域一大重要课题.该方面研究在复杂背景中的目标探测（地海上方低飞导弹、飞机,海上舰船目标,地上坦克目标等）、资源勘探（浅层地下矿物质勘探）等领域发挥着巨大作用,使得该领域的研究变得紧迫且具有实际意义.大多数的目标都处在粗糙地海背景中,当电磁波入射到目标时,由于粗糙背景的存在,电磁波会与粗糙背景发生相互作用,对回波造成影响,进一步干扰目标本身的散射.在粗糙面上飞行、行驶目标及粗糙面下掩埋、半掩埋目标引起的电磁散射与其在自由空间中的散射特性是非常不同的,粗糙背景的作用很大程度上增加了目标探测和识别的不确定性.     

Bidirectional Analytic Ray Tracing for Fast Computation of Composite Scattering From Electric-Large Target Over a Randomly Rough Surface

The bidirectional analytic ray tracing (BART) method is developed to rapidly calculate composite scattering from three-dimensional (3D) electrically large complex targets above a randomly rough surface. Ray tracing is carried out both along the incident (forward) direction and converse direction of scattering (backward) recording different orders of ray illumination on each facet or edge of the target and surface. Once a pair of forward and backward rays meet on a facet/edge, a scattering term is constructed using the diffused scattering/diffraction of this facet/edge and all reflections occurred on the tracing paths. The rough surface is modeled with “rough facets” including coherent scattering and diffused incoherent scattering, which can be directly calculated according to the IEM (integral equation method) of a randomly rough surface. Analytic tracing of polygon ray tubes is developed to precisely calculate the illumination and shadowing of facets, which exempt large patches of the target from any finer meshing. It significantly reduces the complexity relevant to the target electric-size. Higher orders of scattering and, in particular, interactions between the target and rough surface are then taken into account. The accuracy and performance of BART is validated and evaluated by comparing with exact computational electromagnetic methods for electrically small targets. Numerical examples of angularly composite scattering from a three-dimensional electrically large, e.g., a ship-like target over a randomly rough surface are presented and discussed.      

Studies of the angular correlation function of scattering by randomrough surfaces with and without a buried object

The discrimination of the scattered wave from an object buried in shallow ground from that of the rough surface is a difficult task with present ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems. Recently, a new approach for this classical problem has been proposed and its effectiveness has been verified. This new method is based on the angular correlation function (ACF) of the scattered wave observed at two or more different incident and scattered angle combinations. It has been shown that the angular memory signatures of rough surfaces are substantially different from those of typical man-made targets and by choosing the appropriate incident and scattered angles, the surface scattering can be minimized whereas the scattering from the target is almost unchanged. The authors present detailed numerical studies of the ACF of the scattered wave from rough surfaces with and without a buried object. To obtain the ACF, the three averaging methods: realization, frequency and angular averaging, are tested numerically. It is shown that a single random rough surface of moderate extent can exhibit memory effect by using frequency averaging. Frequency averaging with a wide bandwidth is also effective for suppressing fluctuation in ACF and is most useful for practical applications. Numerical simulations indicate that even when the ratio of scattered intensities with and without the buried object is close to unity, the corresponding ratio of ACF magnitude can be more than 10 dB. Thus, using the ACF is superior to using the radar cross section (RCS) in the detection of buried objects     

基于FE-BI的介质粗糙面上方涂覆目标电磁散射特性研究

采用有限元-边界积分（finite element boundary integral,FE-BI）方法研究了介质粗糙面上方涂覆目标的复合电磁散射特性,推导了一维介质粗糙面上方二维涂覆目标电磁散射的FE-BI公式.在仿真中,采用功能强大的有限元方法模拟涂覆目标内部场,对于涂覆目标与粗糙面之间的多重耦合作用则通过边界积分方程方法进行考虑.结合Monte-Carlo方法,数值计算了介质高斯粗糙面上方涂覆圆柱目标的电磁散射,分析了涂层材料介电常数、粗糙面粗糙度以及介质粗糙面介电常数变化对复合模型双站散射系数的影响.数值结果表明,相比于传统矩量法（method of moment,MoM）,本文方法虽然在处理理想导体模型时效率略低,但可以处理MoM难以处理的复杂媒质电磁散射问题,且计算精度较高.     

粗糙面下方金属目标复合电磁散射的快速算法

为快速有效计算粗糙面下金属目标的复合电磁散射,提出了一种基于前后向迭代算法(FBM)和共轭梯度(CG)法的快速互耦迭代算(CCIA).首先建立目标与粗糙面的耦合积分方程组,并采用矩量法将其离散为矩阵方程.其次针对得到的耦合积分方程,用FBM求解粗糙面表面电流分布,用CG法求解目标表面电流分布,目标和粗糙面的相互作用通过更新两方程的激励项完成.最后,计算了高斯粗糙面下方无限长金属圆柱目标的复合电磁散射系数,当目标尺寸趋于零或目标深度趋于无穷时的结果与单独介质粗糙面相一致,验证了该数值方法的正确性;同时,讨论了不同粗糙面情况下该方法的收敛性,并分析了不同粗糙面媒质、目标尺寸和目标位置对双站散射系数的影响.     

分形粗糙面上方目标电磁散射特性的研究

利用分形函数来模拟海地粗糙表面，在考虑到粗糙面的粗糙度，入射波极化方式以及粗糙面的动态和静态等因素对电磁散射特性影响的情况下，运用克希霍夫近拟条件，对粗糙面上方平板目标电磁散射的物理机制进行了分析和研究。理论分析和数值结果表明，本文所述方法物理图象清晰，是一种有效分析实际粗糙面与目标相互作用的方法。     

The finite-element method with domain decomposition for electromagnetic bistatic scattering from the comprehensive model of a ship on and a target above a large-scale rough sea surface

The domain decomposition method (DDM) and finite-element method (FEM) are developed for numerical solution of bistatic scattering from the composite model of a ship on and a target above a two-dimensional (2-D) randomly rough sea surface under an electromagnetic (EM) wave incidence at low grazing angle. The coupling boundary conditions on the interface between two adjacent subdomains are derived when the conformal perfectly matched layer is used as the truncation boundary of the FEM, and the final coupling matrices are obtained by using the inward-looking approach. Because the computational domain with several millions of unknowns can be solved on a personal computer, our FEM-DDM method is powerful for scattering simulation of a very large-scale rough surface with targets presence. In addition to reduction of the memory storage, the superiority of this method in computing time over the conventional FEM is also demonstrated. Our codes are examined by the FEM without DDM, the forward-backward method (FBM), and generalized FBM for some simple cases. Numerical simulations of bistatic scattering from a comprehensive model of a ship on and a target above the 2-D randomly rough perfectly conducting sea surface in large electric scale are obtained, and its functional dependence on many physical parameters of the targets and oceanic status are discussed.     

Scattering from a metallic object embedded near the randomly roughsurface of a lossy dielectric

Two-dimensional electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly conducting target embedded near the randomly rough surface of an isotropic lossy dielectric is investigated. The randomly rough surface is illuminated by a finite width beam from an antenna in the free space above the surface, with off-normal incidence. Standard integral equation methods are applied and include all subsurface interactions between the object and rough surface. For a chosen embedded target, Monte Carlo simulations are performed for a selection of ensembles of rough surface types intended to be suggestive of natural ground. Far field scattering coefficient distributions and corresponding synthetic images suggest when the buried object should be discernible. Sensitivities are explored in terms of surface type, polarization of the incident field, depth and orientation of target, soil characteristics, incidence angle, and beamwidth. Many of the scattering features identified should also apply in 3D     

非均匀不稳定表面粗糙目标的太赫兹波段散射特性分析

研究了不同粗糙度的非均匀不稳定表面粗糙导体目标在太赫兹波段的散射特性,区别于采用经验公式的建模方法,提出把随机粗糙面的建模理念应用到太赫兹波段的非均匀不稳定表面粗糙目标的建模中,用描述随机粗糙面的均方根高度(h)和相关长度(l)两个物理量来调节目标表面的粗糙度变化.首先用高斯随机粗糙面模拟非均匀不稳定粗糙目标的表面,然后采用物理光学和等效电流相结合的方法进行仿真计算,分别对不同入射角、不同频率和不同粗糙度的不同非均匀不稳定表面粗糙导体目标,在太赫兹波段散射特性进行了分析,最后得出相关的结论.     

The scattering behavior of a slightly rough surface moving parallel to its mean plane with uniform velocity

The scattering of plane electromagnetic (EM) waves from a perfectly conducting, slightly rough surface moving in vacuum with uniform and constant velocity is examined by combining the boundary perturbation method and the special, homogeneous Lorentz transform. The direction of motion is assumed to be parallel to both the incidence plane and the mean plane of the moving rough surface. The analysis is confined to first-order scatter. The end result is the determination of the velocity-dependent expressions for the bistatic and backscatter incoherent cross sections per unit area of the scattering surface. The expressions for bistatic geometry are only valid for scattering inside the plane of incidence. A numerical example demonstrates the effect of the motion on the scattering behavior of the rough surface.