再生纤维素纤维的开发进展

通过研究再生纤维素纤维的发展历程、发展现状和发展前景,对普通粘胶纤维、高湿模量粘胶纤维、Lyocell、铜氨纤维、醋酯纤维5个种类再生纤维素纤维进行了详细介绍,并对我国的再生纤维素资源进行了详细的探讨。     

纤维素纤维用染料和助剂的发展趋势

纤维素纤维是一类重要的纺织原料，分为天然纤维素纤维和再生纤维素纤维。天然纤维素纤维以棉为主，还有苎麻、亚麻、黄麻和竹纤维等。再生纤维素纤维有粘胶纤维，Lyocel(Tencel)纤维和莫代尔(Modal)纤维等。纤维素纤维具有吸湿、透气、穿着舒适等优点，特别适合制作服装面料，将纤维素纤维与其他纤维混纺，可得到许多风格各异、性能独特的面料。     

人造纤维

20043035 纤维素基人造纤维Broadbent A.D.;Basic Principles of Textile Coloration,2001,p.92(英) 1884年第一种再生纤维素纤维由纤维素硝酸盐溶液挤出并通过水解再生,但直到1949年这种人造丝纤维才工业化生产。文章概述了粘胶纤维的形态、性能和使用:高强粘胶纤维;Lyocell纤维:再生纤维     

纤维素纤维在非织造布生产中的应用试验

众所周知再生纤维素纤维中的粘胶纤维已在常规的非织造布生产中应用了很长时间,另外,莫代尔纤维因具有较高的强度,尤其是在湿态下更为优良,因此拓展了它的应用空间。本文较多的涉及到溶剂纺纤维Lyocell,因为它在非纺织领域的应用发展势头日趋强劲,该纤维具有良好的物理机械性能,尤其是亲水性突出,它与粘胶纤维相比性能几近相同且强度更优。     

我国发展环保型再生纤维素纤维的探讨

介绍了环保型纤维素纤维的性能、用途和发展前景 ,并与传统粘胶纤维就原料、工艺流程、对环境的影响等作了简单的对比。我国发展环保型纤维素纤维正是时机 ,但在发展中应注意一些问题     

Lyocell纤维的发展现状及市场预测

通过研究我国粘胶纤维、Lyocell纤维等纤维素纤维行业近20年的历史,归纳了发展途径和趋势,探讨了未来Lyocell纤维市场的预测趋势。     

人造纤维

20075023环境友好型Lyocell纤维Schuster K.…;Natural Fibers,Plastics andComposites,2004,p.123(英)再生纤维素纤维,如粘胶纤维、莫代尔、Lyocell,兼有天然纤维和合成纤维的优点,为纺织品和非织造布应用提供独特的性能。生产可做到环境友好、基本上无污染。奥地利Lenzing AG公司的粘胶纤维生产线,基于溶解纤维素是简单而真正清洁的再生纤维路线。文章介绍了纤维产品,包括特种纤维的新发展。(汪兴华)Lyocell再生纤维素环境友好产品应用20075024可生物降解聚合物IV:交联大豆蛋白质浓缩物的光学、热学和机械性能Swain S.N.…;Polyme…     

环保纤维素纤维的发展动态与建议

较详尽的介绍了国外用溶剂纺丝工艺生产纤维素纤维的最新进展、生产公司开发生产的该纤维的品种、技术指标及光学显微镜下的结构，并对我国粘胶纤维生产提出了建议。     

2011年世界化学纤维产量达55232kt

<正>据美国《Fiber Organon》统计,2011年世界化学纤维产量为55 232 kt,比2010年增加5.7%。其中,纤维素纤维3 658 kt,比2010年增加12.1%,合成纤维(除聚烯烃纤维)45 421 kt,比2010年增加5.6%、聚烯烃纤维6 154kt,比2010年增加了2.6%。从各品种看,纤维素纤维(不含溶剂纺丝粘胶纤维,世界的溶剂纺粘胶纤维生产能力为165 kt/a)3 658 kt,比     

纤维素纤维

<正>TQ 34120145017钙离子吸附对于再生纤维素纤维的影响Fitz-BinderChrista…;CarbohydratePolymers,2012,90(2),p.937(英)在浆粕处理、纺织品化学处理和消费者使用过程中,如染色操作、居家洗衣等场合,纤维素材料中钙含量过高会引发许多问题。纤维素对钙离子的结合容量与食品和医疗用途也有关联。包括莱塞尔纤维、粘胶纤维和莫代尔纤维在内的再生纤维素纤     

热致变色再生纤维素纤维及织物的研制和性能

介绍了热致变色再生纤维素纤维及织物的研制,研讨了热致变色材料对再生纤维素纤维纺丝溶液的熟成度、黏度和可纺性的影响,借助扫描电子显微镜对纤维结构形态进行了观测,对纤维力学性能进行了分析,讨论了加热时间、测试温度和洗涤次数对热致变色再生纤维素纤维织物的变色效果的影响。结果表明:热致变色微胶囊乳液的加入量对黏胶纺丝溶液的熟成度和黏度都有影响;纤维织物变色效果受加热时间影响相对较小,受温度影响较大。     

离子液体法再生纤维素纤维制造技术及发展趋势

首先概述了再生纤维素纤维制造技术的发展历史,总结了以天然纤维素为原料的黏胶纤维、Lyocell纤维和离子液体纤维（Ioncell）及其技术发展现状。重点介绍了这三种再生纤维素纤维的性能、应用领域及市场前景,并比较了其生产工艺,包括纺丝原液的制备、纺丝工艺、溶剂回收等。与黏胶纤维相比,Lyocell 纤维和Ioncell纤维在溶解纤维素及干喷湿纺纺丝方面具有独特的优势。进一步对该类技术的重点和难点,如纺丝原液的连续制备和溶剂的高效回收进行了分析。与Lyocell纤维使用的NMMO溶剂相比,Ioncell纤维使用的离子液体具有离子液体可设计等优点,可根据纤维素原料的不同来源,设计合成对纤维素具有更好的溶解能力而无降解特征且环境友好的离子液体溶剂,同时对温度、金属离子具有很好的稳定性,为发展新一代纤维素绿色制造技术提供了新途径。另外,对Ioncell纤维存在的问题也进行了详细的分析,提出了未来拟开展的重点研究方向和拟解决的关键难题。     

Melt spinning of thermotropic cellulose derivatives

The melt spinning of two thermotropic cellulose derivatives—trimethyl silyl cellulose and phenyl acetoxy cellulose—is described in this article. Removal of the substituents was facile, rapid, and essentially complete. Both the melt‐spun and regenerated fibers had banded textures typical of fibers spun from a liquid crystalline phase. The regenerated cellulose fibers had high strengths and moduli compared to viscose rayon and Lyocel cellulose fibers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 418–423, 2000     

新型纤维材料开发中的生态安全与环境问题

以抗菌纤维、阻燃纤维、远红外纤维和负离子纤维为例,指出了功能性纤维开发中的生态安全问题,以竹浆和麻浆纤维、莫代尔纤维、碳纤维、海岛纤维、聚乳酸纤维为例,指出了新型纤维素纤维、高性能纤维、新型合成纤维开发中的环境问题;同时也介绍了纤维开发中所用助剂的生态安全和环境问题、纺织品生态安全主要监控项目与高度关注物质、纳米材料的安全问题,建议在新型纤维材料开发中,高度关注生态安全和环境问题,不能再走之前“先污染后治理”的老路.     

Fabrication and characterization of zein/viscose textibe fibers

Azlons are increasingly concerned for their excellent performance properties and biodegradation. A kind of novel azlon, zein/viscose textibe fibers, were fabricated by wet‐spinning of zein and cellulose sulfonate blended solution. Some parameters that determine the fabrication process were optimized. The structure and properties of zein/viscose fibers were characterized, and compared with those of common viscose fibers. Dry breaking tenacity of zein/viscose fibers was 2.02 CN/dtex, whereas dry breaking elongation was 16.6%. Mechanical properties of zein/viscose fibers were a little better than common viscose fibers. The moisture regain rate of zein/viscose fibers was 14.1%, similar to that of viscose fibers. From the microstructure of zein/viscose fiber, viscose acted as framework and zein was accreted to viscose. The content of protein was 14.48% in zein/viscose fibers. The basic chains of zein and viscose were not changed by blended spinning, so the fibers had advantages of both zein and viscose. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

X-ray studies of regenerated cellulose fibers wet spun from cotton linter pulp in NaOH/thiourea aqueous solutions

Regenerated cellulose fibers were fabricated by dissolution of cotton linter pulp in NaOH (9.5 wt%) and thiourea (4.5 wt%) aqueous solution followed by wet-spinning and multi-roller drawing. The multi-roller drawing process involved three stages: coagulation (I), coagulation (II) and post-treatment (III). The crystalline structure and morphology of regenerated cellulose fiber was investigated by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. Results indicated that only the cellulose II crystal structure was found in regenerated cellulose fibers, proving that the cellulose crystals were completely transformed from cellulose I to II structure during spinning from NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution. The crystallinity, orientation and crystal size at each stage were determined from the WAXD analysis. Drawing of cellulose fibers in the coagulation (II) bath (H₂SO₄/H₂O) was found to generate higher orientation and crystallinity than drawing in the post-treatment (III). Although the post-treatment process also increased crystal orientation, it led to a decrease in crystallinity with notable reduction in the anisotropic fraction. Compared with commercial rayon fibers fabricated by the viscose process, the regenerated cellulose fibers exhibited higher crystallinity but lower crystal orientation. SAXS results revealed a clear scattering maximum along the meridian direction in all regenerated cellulose fibers, indicating the formation of lamellar structure during spinning.     

New class of cellulose fiber spun from the novel solution of cellulose by wet spinning method

A novel cellulose solution, prepared by dissolving an alkali-soluble cellulose, which was obtained by the steam explosion treatment on almost pure natural cellulose (soft wood pulp), into the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution with specific concentration (9.1 wt %) was employed for the first time to prepare a new class of multifilament-type cellulose fiber. For this purpose a wet spinning system with acid coagulation bath was applied. The mechanical properties and structural characteristics of the resulting cellulose fibers were compared with those of regenerated cellulose fibers such as viscose rayon and cuprammonium rayon commercially available. X-ray analysis shows that the new cellulose fiber is crystallographically cellulose II, and its crystallinity is higher but its crystalline orientation is slightly lower than those of other commercial regenerated fibers. The degree of breakdown of intramolecular hydrogen bond at C₃[X_am(C₃)] of the cellulose fiber, as determined by solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle sample spinning (CP/MAS) ¹³C NMR, is much lower than other, and the NMR spectra of its dry and wet state were significantly different from each other, indicating that cellulose molecules in the new cellulose fiber are quite mobile when wet. This phenomenon has not been reported for so-called regenerated cellulose fibers.     

Determination of dissociable groups in natural and regenerated cellulose fibers by different titration methods

Different titration methods were applied with the purpose to determine the dissociation properties of a natural (cotton) and regenerated (viscose, modal and lyocell) cellulose fibers. Potentiometric and conductometric titration were used to determine the content of acidic groups. pK values were determined by potentiometric titration. Polyelectrolyte adsorption was used for surface and total charge determination, and to obtain information about charge location and accessibility of charged groups. It was found that the average content of acidic groups is higher in cotton fibers than in regenerated fibers. The fiber charge of cotton is due to the dissociation of two type of acidic groups, one with pK ≈3.5 and the other with pK ≈5.5. In regenerated fibers there is only one type of acidic groups (pK ≈3.5). The pK value of the stronger acid is typical for carboxyl group in uronic acids. The polyelectrolyte adsorption indicates that most of the carboxyl groups are located in an inner region of all cellulose samples (cotton and regenerated fibers). It is concluded that titration methods are powerful tools for monitoring the content, strength, and distribution of acidic groups, as well as the total charge of natural and regenerated cellulose fibers. The three methods give similar results on all analyzed samples and show good repeatability. The results of investigation make it quite clear that combination of all titrations yields relevant information about content and strength of acidic groups in both natural and regenerated cellulose fibers used in the manufacture of textiles. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3186–3195, 2004     

Comparison of cellulose and chitin nanocrystals for reinforcing regenerated cellulose fibers

In this study, regenerated cellulose fibers reinforced by cellulose nanocrystals (CENC) and chitin nanocrystals (CHNC) were prepared by blending the nanocrystals suspensions with the cellulose solution in NaOH/urea/water solvent at room temperature. The effect of nanocrystals' addition on the properties of spinning dopes and regenerated fibers were investigated and compared. Results showed that the obtained CENC and CHNC had different dimensions, and both of them increased the viscosity and decreased the transparency of the spinning dopes. However, the dissolution state of cellulose was not changed. CHNC had a greater influence on the properties of spinning dopes, while CENC had more obvious effect on the performance of regenerated fibers. The CENC reinforced fibers showed a higher crystallinity index as compared to the CHNC reinforced fibers. The tensile strength of the regenerated fibers was evidently improved when 3 wt % CENC or 2 wt % CHNC were added, while the elongation at break of the fibers was slightly decreased with the increase of nanocrystals content. The morphology and thermal stability of the regenerated fibers was not affected by the addition of nanocrystals. This study suggested that the dimension, group and content of nanocrystals were important factors for the reinforcement of regenerated cellulose fibers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44880.