Attitudinal and experiential predictors of technological expertise

This study sought to clarify which computer and Internet skills and experiences differentiate technological expertise and to identify predictors of this expertise. Two hundred and fifty-eight incoming university students were surveyed on Internet and computer experiences, skills, and attitudes. Six specific Internet and computer uses that differentiate technological expertise were identified based on frequency of use. Males and those who own computers had greater technological expertise. Factor analyses identified two skill factors (Internet skills, Computer/Math skills), three experience factors (Internet, Computer, Recreational Use of Internet), five attitude factors (Importance of Internet and computer knowledge, Computer aversive, Internet and computer comfort/competency, Internet and computer overuse, Technology aversive). These factors as well as gender, computer ownership, and weekly computer and Internet use were entered as independent variables in a general linear model (GLM) which was then used to determine which factors affected technological expertise. The overall GLM was significant (R² = .414, F = 5.85, p < .001). Internet and computer skills and computer abuse were the strongest predictors of technological expertise. Weekly Internet use, Internet and computer comfort/competency also were predictors, and gender was almost significant (p = .056) as a predictor. Neither computer ownership nor other Internet and computer attitudes were significant predictors.     

The Neural Knowledge DNA Based Smart Internet of Things

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained significant attention from industry as well as academia during the past decade. Smartness, however, remains a substantial challenge for IoT applications. Recent advances in networked sensor technologies, computing, and machine learning have made it possible for building new smart IoT applications. In this paper, we propose a novel approach: the Neural Knowledge DNA based Smart Internet of Things that enables IoT to extract knowledge from past experiences, as well as to store, evolve, share, and reuse such knowledge aiming for smart functions. By catching decision events, this approach helps IoT gather its own daily operation experiences, and it uses such experiences for knowledge discovery with the support of machine learning technologies. An initial case study is presented at the end of this paper to demonstrate how this approach can help IoT applications become smart: the proposed approach is applied to fitness wristbands to enable human action recognition.     

Internet电子商务的发展

本文介绍了Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ电子商务的特点和国内外发展情况，并分析了Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ电子商务存在的问题及未来的发展前景。     

Hypermedia learning and prior knowledge: domain expertise vs. system expertise

Abstract Prior knowledge is often argued to be an important determinant in hypermedia learning, and may be thought of as including two important elements: domain expertise and system expertise. However, there has been a lack of research considering these issues together. In an attempt to address this shortcoming, this paper presents a study that examines how domain expertise and system expertise influence students' learning performance in, and perceptions of, a hypermedia system. The results indicate that participants with lower domain knowledge show a greater improvement in their learning performance than those with higher domain knowledge. Furthermore, those who enjoy using the Web more are likely to have positive perceptions of non-linear interaction. Discussions on how to accommodate the different needs of students with varying levels of prior knowledge are provided based on the results.     

Fast searching for information on the Internet to use in a learning context: The impact of domain knowledge

The purpose of the study was to examine the role of domain knowledge when retrieving and using information from the Internet as a resource for essay tasks, as well as to investigate the quality of Internet searches and its relation to essay performance. In two experiments, 100 undergraduates searched the Internet for 30 min and completed two essays; one in which they had high domain knowledge and one in which domain knowledge was low. Two control groups of 70 undergraduates just wrote the essays. Searching the Internet for information enhanced essay performance relative to the control groups only for the topic for which participants had high domain knowledge. In the second experiment, analyses of Internet searches revealed large individual differences in search behaviors and these behaviors did not relate to essay performance, although individuals highlighted the importance of domain knowledge in making their searches easier. Domain knowledge is one factor that educators should pay attention to when using the Internet for learning tasks, particularly when study time is limited, in order to maximize the ability of students to successfully retrieve and use information from the Internet.     

Gender-related consequences of Internet use perceived by parents in a representative quota sample of adolescents

Only few studies have investigated gender differences in consequences of adolescent Internet use in a general population sample. In this study, we surveyed a representative German quota sample of N=1744 adolescents aged between 14 and 17 years and their caregivers with standardised questionnaires. Parents’ reports showed significant differences between male and female youth in 8 out of 10 problem areas (summarised in a ‘difficulties index’, Cronbach's alpha=0.89) caused by adolescent Internet use. According to parents’ assessment, male adolescents neglected school obligations and friendships outside the Internet more frequently than female adolescents. Compared to girls, boys spent more time and money using the Internet, regarded media use as more important, set wrong priorities in selecting online content, and rather ran into cost traps or legal consequences. More parents of boys than of girls observed adverse effects on adolescents’ physical and mental development. Both parents and adolescents consistently reported excessive media use more frequently for boys. By conducting a multiple linear regression analysis for the full sample, approximately one-third (34%) of the variance in the ‘difficulties index’ was explained by frequency of excessive Internet use. The results highlight the importance of gender-related analyses regarding the consequences of adolescent Internet use.     

Manufacturing Data Analysis in Internet of Things/Internet of Data (IoT/IoD) Scenario

ABSTRACT

Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) has enormous benefits as it increases the rate of production, reduces errors and production waste, and streamlines manufacturing sub-systems. However, there are some new challenges related to CIM operating in the Internet of Things/Internet of Data (IoT/IoD) scenarios associated with Industry 4.0 and cyber-physical systems. The main challenge is to deal with the massive volume of data flowing between various CIM components functioning in virtual settings of IoT. This paper proposes decisional DNA-based knowledge representation framework to manage the storage, analysis, and processing of data, information, and knowledge of a typical CIM. The framework utilizes the concept of virtual engineering object and virtual engineering process for developing knowledge models of various CIM components such as automatic storage and retrieval systems, automatic guided vehicles, robots, and numerically controlled machines. The proposed model is capable of capturing in real time the manufacturing data, information and knowledge at every stage of production, that is, at the object level, the process level, and at the factory level. The significance of this study is that it will support decision-making by reusing the experience, which will not only help in effective real-time data monitoring and processing, but also make CIM system intelligent and ready to function in the virtual Industry 4.0 environment.     

互联网基础性技术元搜索引擎概述

元搜索引擎是互联网基础性技术,针对元搜索引擎的研究有利于推动互联网技术的深入发展。元搜索引擎如今被广泛引用于各个领域之中,对于数据的搜集与管理具有重要的意义。     

Adoption of the Internet for knowledge acquisition in R&D processes

This research investigated Internet-based knowledge search patterns of engineers and scientists working in R&D for companies in the pharmacological and information technology sectors in Israel. Building on earlier work that considers the multidimensional nature of the relative advantage construct, we examine how perceptions of learning, informational convenience, and trust affected intentions to use the Internet to acquire new knowledge. In particular, these perceptions were studied with regard to both active and passive modes of interaction. We also considered here which types of technological knowledge are acquired by researchers, and how that differs across two professional communities of practice – scientists and engineers. This study sheds light on how R&D workers perceive the relative advantage of acquiring necessary knowledge through passive and active modes of communication with other researchers that are facilitated by the Internet. Findings are of interest to the literature on knowledge spillover because the capability of an organisation to acquire, disseminate, and exploit knowledge is crucial to R&D efforts.     

因特网应用工具的发展与前景

本文讨论因特网应用工具的分类与发展趋势，并简要分析其对技术创新和市场竞争的影响。     

Computer usage questionnaire: Structure, correlates, and gender differences

Computer usage, computer experience, computer familiarity, and computer anxiety are often discussed as constructs potentially compromising computer-based ability assessment. After presenting and discussing these constructs and associated measures we introduce a brief new questionnaire assessing computer usage. The self-report measure consists of 18 questions asking for the frequency of different computer activities and software usage. Participants were N = 976 high school students who completed the questionnaire and several covariates. Based on theoretical considerations and data driven adjustments a model with a general computer usage factor and three nested content factors (Office, Internet, and Games) is established for a subsample (n = 379) and cross-validated with the remaining sample (n = 597). Weak measurement invariance across gender groups could be established using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Differential relations between the questionnaire factors and self-report scales of computer usage, self-concept, and evaluation are reported separately for females and males. It is concluded that computer usage is distinct from other behavior oriented measurement approaches and that it shows a diverging, gender-specific pattern of relations with fluid and crystallized intelligence.     

浅谈互联网中的用户体验

随着科学技术的日新月异,互联网成为了我们生活的一部分。我们在感受其网络便捷的同时,又希望能够得到身心的愉悦。本文通过对互联网中用户体验的分析研究,意在探讨今后互联网以及用户体验的发展趋势,希望将现实中人与人的关系能真实的反映在互联网中,提出了线上社区,线下交流的一种假设。     

The relationship between Internet identification,Internet anxiety and Internet use

This paper reports a study investigating the relationship between Internet identification, Internet anxiety and Internet use. The participants were 446 students (319 females and 127 males) from two universities in the UK and one university in Australia. Measures of Internet identification and Internet anxiety were developed. The majority of participants were NOT anxious about using the Internet, although there were approximately 8% who showed evidence of Internet anxiety. There was a significant and negative relationship between Internet anxiety and Internet use. Those who were more anxious about using the Internet used the Internet less, although the magnitude of effect was small. There was a positive and significant relationship between Internet use and Internet identification. Those who scored high on the measure of Internet identification used the Internet more than those who did not. There was also a significant and negative relationship between Internet anxiety and Internet identification. Finally, males had a significantly higher Internet identification score than females. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

任务驱动法在基于互联网教学中的运用

文章阐述在互联网的教学环境下,如何采用任务驱动法实现信息技术教学,最终达到事半功倍的效果。     

Exploring demographic and motivational factors associated with hypertext reading by English as a foreign language (EFL) students

This study investigates nontraditional students’ of English as a foreign language self-reports of the hypertext learning experience. It determines whether factors such as gender, age, proficiency level, and hypertext learning experience influence predicting hypertext reading achievement. The subjects of this study were 23 nontraditional English majors (9 males and 14 females). Their learning efficiency was rated as low to intermediate. The primary investigation found that students generally perceived that they should have control in operating the designed hypertext system because most did not find it difficult. In addition, students could accomplish the reading tasks more quickly and easily without much mental effort. Females, older adults, and low-proficiency learners expressed more positive feedback and willingness to use the hypertext system in future compared with the other groups, although no significant differences were observed among those variables on hypertext learning experience. Hypertext comprehension performance was significantly influenced only by the factor of proficiency level. Its impact was negative and moderate. Therefore, it is suggested that the use of hypertext system demonstrated the tendency to particularly improve low-proficiency learners’ reading comprehension. Limitations and recommendations for future research are presented and discussed in light of the results of the study.     

The Computer Aversion, Attitudes, and Familiarity Index (CAAFI): A validity study

This study’s purpose was to provide additional psychometric data on the Computer Aversion, Attitudes, and Familiarity Index (CAAFI). The CAAFI is comprised of 40 items, yielding a total score and four factor scores with 10 items each (one familiarity, one attitudes, two aversion). The measure was administered to a sample of undergraduate psychology students (N = 293) along with the Computer Understanding and Experience Scale, the Computer Attitude Scale, and the Computer Aversion Scale. The factor structure of the CAAFI was supported via confirmatory factor analytic procedures and analysis of internal consistency reliability coefficients. In relation to the other measures of computer-related constructs, the strongest validity support was found for the CAAFI total score and Factors 1 (computer familiarity) and 3 (computer aversion-discomfort), followed by Factor 2 (computer attitudes). With regard to Factor 4 (computer aversion-fear), given the results of the analyses the decision was made to remove these items from the CAAFI in order to enhance the measure’s psychometric properties and practical utility.     

The influence of dispositions and Internet motivation on online communication satisfaction and relationship closeness

Guided by the Uses and Gratifications (U&G) perspective, this study examined the influence of unwillingness to communicate, loneliness, Internet-use motives, and Internet (CMC) use and interaction (amount and types of use and self-disclosure) in online communication satisfaction and online relationship closeness. There were 261 participants in this study. Overall, participants who perceived their face-to-face communication to be rewarding, used CMC for self-fulfillment, and disclosed their personal feelings to others tended to feel close to their online partners. Moreover, those who used the Internet for purposes of self-fulfillment and affection and intended to disclose their feelings to others felt satisfied with their online communication. The associations among the constructs extend our knowledge of the U&G theoretical model, how and why people communicate interpersonally in CMC settings, and the influence of individual differences on CMC for relational communication.     

Factorial validity of problematic Internet use scales

There exists a number of multidimensional measurement scales for problematic Internet use (PIU) with varying factor structures. This study reviews the factor analytic techniques used to develop these measures and discusses their implications for the factorial validity, particularly discriminant validity, of these PIU scales. To further illustrate these points, we reformulate the four-factor Online Cognition Scale into a more parsimonious two-factor measure (i.e., dependency and distraction) and demonstrate its factorial validity as well as robustness across student and working adult samples. Contributions of this research are discussed.     

Expert-novice knowledge of computer programming at different levels of abstraction

Computer programming knowledge can be classified into five levels of abstraction: objective, conceptual, functional, logical, and physical. An experiment was carried out to determine whether the mastering of knowledge at different levels of abstraction changed with the level of skill. Ten experts and ten novices in C computer programming participated in the experiment. The subjects' knowledge at the five levels of abstraction was tested through 20 multiple-choice questions. The experimental results indicated that knowledge differences between experts and novices at an abstract level or a concrete level depended on what abstract or concrete knowledge was implied. Experts had better abstract knowledge than novices at the conceptual and functional levels but not at the objective level. Experts had better concrete knowledge than novices at the physical level but not at the logical level. The classification of computer programming knowledge in levels of abstraction and the experimental results helped in clarifying a general finding from previous studies that experts had better abstract knowledge than novices.     

EHIS医院信息系统设计方案

本文详细阐述了EHIS(EaStar Hospital Information System)及吉林大学第二医院计算机网络的设计方案。