熊果酸对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤及肠道细菌群落结构多样性的影响

研究熊果酸对H22荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤及肠道细菌的影响。皮下接种H22肝癌细胞构建移植瘤小鼠模型,设正常组、模型组、阳性对照组（环磷酰胺）和熊果酸组（低、中、高剂量）,连续给药3周后,计算抑瘤率和肝脾指数,检测血清T淋巴细胞亚群、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）浓度,采用高通量测序技术分析熊果酸对H22荷瘤肠道细菌群落结构多样性的影响。结果显示,与模型组相比,熊果酸各剂量组均能显著减少移植瘤质量（P<0.05）,其中熊果酸中、高剂量组能显著提高荷瘤小鼠血清中T细胞亚群、IL-2和TNF-α的含量（P<0.05）。主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）显示,与正常组比较,模型组和熊果酸低剂量组小鼠肠道细菌相似性差异显著（P<0.05）,而熊果酸中剂量组和高剂量组小鼠肠道细菌相似性差异不显著（P>0.05）。熊果酸各剂量组肠道细菌在门水平和科水平的比例和分布均比模型组更接近正常组。与模型组比较,熊果酸小鼠肠道Akkermansia和Lactobacillus丰度显著增加（P<0.05）,而Muribaculum显著减少（P<0.05）。表明熊果酸可抑制肿瘤生长,增强H22荷瘤小鼠免疫力,对肿瘤小鼠肠道细菌菌群紊乱具有一定恢复作用。     

霍山石斛多糖对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用

该研究探讨了霍山石斛多糖（cDHP）对Lewis肺癌荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长的抑制作用。用Lewis肺癌细胞建立肺癌荷瘤小鼠模型,观测cDHP对小鼠生长情况、肿瘤体积、抑瘤率和脾淋巴细胞增殖能力的影响,并测定肿瘤细胞凋亡比例、脾脏免疫细胞（T细胞、Treg细胞、B细胞、树突状细胞和巨噬细胞）比例及血清细胞因子（CEA、IL-1β、IL-10、IL-2、TNF-α、VEGF和TGF-β）含量的变化。cDHP高369.00 mg/(kg•d)、中184.50 mg/(kg•d)、低92.25 mg/(kg•d)剂量组的抑瘤率分别为64.52%、50.47%、37.68%。cDHP的抗肿瘤作用表现在其能够提高荷瘤小鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡比例、改善荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、调节荷瘤小鼠脾脏免疫细胞比例和血清细胞因子的平衡。cDHP可通过不同方式影响肿瘤生长,结果为霍山石斛的开发利用提供了实验依据。     

脆江蓠多糖体内抗肿瘤活性及其作用机制

目的：研究脆江蓠多糖（Gracilaria chouae polysaccharides,GLP）的体内抗肿瘤活性。方法：以GLP为受试物,考察其对S180肉瘤荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤活性,同时通过测定小鼠机体免疫系统各项生化指标,初步探讨GLP的抗肿瘤作用机制。结果：GLP对S180荷瘤小鼠具有较强的抑瘤活性,当小鼠的GLP腹腔注射剂量为100 mg/（kg•d）（以体质量计）时,抑瘤率达到34.75%,高于中剂量灌胃组（200 mg/（kg•d））的抑瘤率（31.35%）。同时,S180荷瘤小鼠免疫器官指数极显著增大（P＜0.01）,GLP还激活了S180荷瘤小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖分化,S180荷瘤小鼠白细胞介素-2（interleukin-2,IL-2）、干扰素-γ（interferon-γ,IFN-γ）水平极显著上升（P＜0.01）,IL-10水平极显著下降（P＜0.01）,GLP对免疫系统显示出较好的保护作用。结论：GLP具有较强的抗肿瘤活性,且腹腔注射给药效果优于灌胃给药。GLP对小鼠机体免疫调节作用可能是其抗肿瘤作用的主要机制之一。     

乳源性复合益生菌对CT-26荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用研究

为研究4种乳源性复合益生菌对CT-26荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的影响,将结肠癌CT-26细胞接种于BALB/C小鼠腋下建立CT-26实体瘤模型。成瘤后随机分为模型组、复合益生菌低剂量组、复合益生菌高剂量组以及5-氟尿嘧啶组,另取正常BALB/C小鼠为正常对照,每组10只。连续给药21 d后,称量肿瘤、胸腺、脾脏重量,并计算抑瘤率、脾脏系数、胸腺系数,HE染色观察小鼠肿瘤组织病理变化,FCM分析荷瘤小鼠T细胞亚群的比例,免疫荧光观察瘤组织Foxp3+Tregs浸润密度,Elisa检测荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ。结果显示乳源性复合益生菌能够减缓CT-26荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长(P<0.05),显著提高荷瘤小鼠脾脏指数、胸腺指数(P<0.05,P<0.01)。提高CD4+T、CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值（P<0.05,P<0.01）,降低CD8+T细胞数量（P<0.05）,降低Tregs细胞浸润密度,并升高血清中IL-2、IFN-γ等Th1型细胞因子变化(P<0.05),降低IL-10等Th2型细胞因子的表达（P<0.05）。结果表明乳...     

斗米虫蛋白对4T1荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用

该研究探讨了斗米虫蛋白对乳腺癌（4T1）荷瘤小鼠的体内抗肿瘤作用。通过构建BALB/c-4T1荷瘤小鼠模型,观测实验期内各组荷瘤小鼠体质量及肿瘤生长的变化,利用活体生物发光成像仪观察各组小鼠体内4T1肿瘤细胞生长情况,给药结束后处死小鼠,计算抑瘤率和各主要脏器指数。结果显示：与模型对照组相比,斗米虫蛋白各剂量组荷瘤小鼠体重无显著变化,主要脏器质量和脏器指数也无统计学差异性,但肿瘤质量显著减小（p<0.05）,斗米虫蛋白低、中、高剂量组抑瘤率分别为23.08%、36.06%、21.63%。经活体生物发光成像仪检测,斗米虫蛋白各剂量组4T1肿瘤细胞的荧光信号相对模型对照组减弱,与肿瘤生长情况相一致。实验表明斗米虫蛋白具备体内抗肿瘤活性且对4T1荷瘤小鼠机体及各主要脏器无明显毒副作用。     

牛磺酸对顺铂所致H22荷瘤小鼠免疫器官及淋巴细胞损伤的保护作用

目的：研究牛磺酸对顺铂化疗荷瘤小鼠免疫器官和淋巴细胞损伤的保护作用。方法：H22荷瘤小鼠随机分为5 组：模型对照组、顺铂（1.5 mg/（kg·d））化疗组、顺铂＋高剂量（640 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组、顺铂＋中剂量（320 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组和顺铂＋低剂量（160 mg/（kg·d））牛磺酸组,末次用药24 h后眼球放血处死小鼠,测定小鼠体质量、瘤质量、脾脏指数、胸腺指数以及血清白细胞介素-2（interleukin-2,IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）、干扰素-γ（interferon-γ,IFN-γ）水平,胸腺依赖性淋巴细胞（thymusdependent lymphocyte,T细胞）、骨髓依赖性淋巴细胞（bone marrow dependent lymphocyte,B细胞）增殖能力的变化情况。结果：顺铂化疗组小鼠体质量和瘤质量均明显低于模型对照组,抑瘤率为36%,顺铂＋中、高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的体质量显著高于顺铂化疗组,抑瘤率分别达到51%和68%;顺铂化疗组小鼠的脾脏质量和脾脏指数明显低于模型对照组,而顺铂＋各剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的脾脏质量和脾脏指数均高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂化疗组小鼠的胸腺质量和胸腺指数明显低于模型对照组,顺铂＋高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的胸腺质量和胸腺指数明显高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂化疗组小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的分泌水平明显低于模型对照组（P＜0.01）;而顺铂＋各剂量牛磺酸组血清IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的水平均高于顺铂化疗组;顺铂可明显抑制荷瘤小鼠对丝裂原刺激的T细胞和B细胞的增殖,顺铂＋高剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的T细胞刺激指数明显高于顺铂化疗组（P＜0.05）;而顺铂＋低、中剂量牛磺酸组小鼠的B细胞刺激指数则高于顺铂化疗组。结论：牛磺酸可协同顺铂发挥抑制肿瘤的作用,其机制与保护顺铂导致的动物免疫器官和淋巴细胞功能损伤有关。     

红松松塔多酚对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤及免疫活性

目的:研究红松松塔多酚40%乙醇洗脱物PPP-40对S180荷瘤小鼠体内抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用。方法:首先建立S180实体瘤模型,连续灌胃PPP-40为10 d。然后,对小鼠抑瘤率、肿瘤细胞周期、脾脏指数及脾淋巴细胞增殖能力进行分析。结果:实验表明PPP-40中剂量（150 mg/kg）能够显著抑制肿瘤细胞生长（抑瘤率:48.29%,p<0.01）,促进肿瘤细胞周期阻滞在G0/G1和G2/M;且能显著提高小鼠脾脏指数（3.29±0.26,p<0.01）及脾淋巴细胞增殖能力（p<0.01）。结论:这些结果表明PPP-40是一种天然抗肿瘤药剂,对S180荷瘤小鼠具有显著的抗肿瘤作用（p<0.01）,其抗肿瘤机制和肿瘤细胞周期阻断及小鼠免疫活性的提高有关。      

大豆多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的免疫机制研究

从免疫学角度出发探讨大豆多糖的抗肿瘤作用。采用动物移植性肿瘤实验观察大豆多糖对小鼠体内肿瘤细胞生长和免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的影响;MTT法测定T淋巴细胞增殖功能;流式细胞仪检测大豆多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响;ELISA法检测荷瘤小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-2含量。结果表明大豆多糖对S180肉瘤生长有抑制作用,且以高剂量最佳;各剂量组对脾脏指数均有显著性提高,但中、高剂量给药组对胸腺有抑制作用;能提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性,与阴性对照组相比,中、高剂量组差异显著。大豆多糖明显增强ConA刺激的淋巴细胞增殖,与阴性对照组比较,中、高剂量组差异显著;能够不同程度地提高S180荷瘤小鼠脾细胞CD4+细胞数,增加CD4+/CD8+细胞比值;能提高S180荷瘤小鼠外周血血清中IL-2的含量。大豆多糖通过提高T淋巴细胞的增殖活性,并促进IL-2等细胞因子的分泌,由此发挥抗肿瘤作用。      

大豆多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠抗肿瘤作用的免疫机制研究

从免疫学角度出发探讨大豆多糖的抗肿瘤作用。采用动物移植性肿瘤实验观察大豆多糖对小鼠体内肿瘤细胞生长和免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的影响;MTT法测定T淋巴细胞增殖功能;流式细胞仪检测大豆多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响;ELISA法检测荷瘤小鼠血清中细胞因子IL-2含量。结果表明大豆多糖对S180肉瘤生长有抑制作用,且以高剂量最佳;各剂量组对脾脏指数均有显著性提高,但中、高剂量给药组对胸腺有抑制作用;能提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性,与阴性对照组相比,中、高剂量组差异显著。大豆多糖明显增强ConA刺激的淋巴细胞增殖,与阴性对照组比较,中、高剂量组差异显著;能够不同程度地提高S180荷瘤小鼠脾细胞CD4+细胞数,增加CD4+/CD8+细胞比值;能提高S180荷瘤小鼠外周血血清中IL-2的含量。大豆多糖通过提高T淋巴细胞的增殖活性,并促进IL-2等细胞因子的分泌,由此发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

荔枝果肉乙酸乙酯粗提物对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响

本研究分析荔枝果肉乙酸乙酯部粗提物对小鼠细胞因子分泌的作用,进而探讨其对Th1/Th2细胞平衡的影响。将30只BALB/C小鼠随机分成对照组(生理盐水)、乙酸乙酯部粗提物低剂量和高剂量组(4.6、9.2 mg/kg.bw.d),连续灌胃7 d,观察各组小鼠的胸腺和脾脏指数变化以及脾细胞增殖情况,用ELISA检测小鼠脾细胞以及血清分泌IFN-γ和IL-4的含量以及IFN-γ/IL-4比值。实验结果表明:乙酸乙酯部粗提物高剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数、脾脏指数显著提高。乙酸乙酯部粗提物低、高剂量都能显著提高小鼠脾细胞和血清IFN-γ分泌水平,同时,高剂量组小鼠脾细胞和血清IL-4的分泌水平也显著提高。低、高剂量的乙酸乙酯部粗提物都能显著提高小鼠脾细胞和血清IFN-γ/IL-4的比值。荔枝果肉乙酸乙酯部粗提物诱导Thl/Th2平衡向Th1方向漂移,可能进而诱导机体的炎症性反应。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the