Electrochemical behaviour of aluminium/steel rivet joints

The galvanic corrosion behaviour of a rivet joint of two sheets of the aluminium alloys EN AW-6014-T4 and EN AW-6082-T5 joined by an electrogalvanized steel blind rivet was investigated. The potentiodynamic polarization curves in a 5 wt.% NaCl solution show a potential reversion of the anodic and cathodic regions of the rivet joint. The surface potential was investigated with a capillary electrode before and after corrosion. From the measurements by the capillary electrode and SEM-observations an improved resistance against galvanic corrosion is expected after the dissolution of the zinc layer of the blind rivet.     

Influence of nickel additions on the corrosion behaviour of low nitrogen 22% Cr series duplex stainless steels

Four 22% Cr duplex stainless steel alloys containing varying nickel contents of approximately 5%, 7%, 9% and 13% were melted in a vacuum induction furnace, hot rolled, solution annealed and water quenched. Their corrosion behaviour was investigated in sulphuric acid and sodium chloride solutions using potentiodynamic polarization and chronoamperometric techniques. Increasing nickel contents have an appreciable influence on the observed corrosion behaviour. Polarization curves show similarities in the uniform corrosion behaviour of the alloys in the various solutions, but significant differences in their pitting resistance in chloride environments. Alloy 2209 (22% Cr - 9% Ni) generally exhibited the highest resistance to uniform corrosion, while alloy 2213 (22% Cr - 13% Ni) displayed the best pitting corrosion resistance. X-ray diffraction analysis of the surfaces of the alloys after corrosion in the different media revealed different corrosion products. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the alloys were differently attacked by chloride ions, with different pit depths and morphologies. The corrosion behaviour exhibited by the alloys was attributed to the influence of nickel on phase modification, microstructural refinement, and the types of films formed in different environments. Uniform corrosion behaviour of the alloys was concluded to be predominantly controlled by phase composition and ratio, while pitting resistance was chiefly controlled by an alloy’s nickel contents.     

Effect of Chloride Ions on the corrosion behaviour of iron-nickel alloys in sulphuric acid solutions

The effect of chloride ions on the corrosion behaviour of binary iron-nickel alloys in sulphuric acid solutions has been investigated using polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. A moderate inhibition effect of the chloride ions on the corrosion of these alloys has been found, which depends on the pH of the medium, as well as on the composition and the structure of the alloys investigated. It has been shown that the action of the chloride ions on the partial corrosion reactions is reflected by an inhibition of the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction and by an activation of the anodic metal dissolution reaction, the first effect being stronger. Using atomic absorption analysis it has been established that no preferentional dissolution of the alloy components in the presence and in the absence of chloride ions occurs during the corrosion of the iron-nickel alloys.     

Evaluating electrochemical behaviour of recrystallized titanium alloys in Ringer's solution

By anodic potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, the effect of recrystallization on the corrosion and electrochemical behaviour of Ti12Mo and Ti12Mo5Ta alloys was studied. Aerated Ringer's solution was employed as electrolyte solution at 37 °C. The pH was 6.9 and adjusted to 2.5 simulating the disease state. The results show excellent corrosion resistance for recrystallized Ti12Mo and Ti12Mo5Ta alloys, corroborated by high values of polarization resistance and low values of passive current density. Recrystallized structure rendered the Ti12Mo and Ti12Mo5Ta alloys extremely corrosion resistant.     

Effect of cavitation on the corrosion behaviour of welded and non-welded duplex stainless steel in aqueous LiBr solutions

The influence of cavitation on the corrosion resistance of EN 1.4462, its filler metal, and the welded metal obtained by GTAW was investigated by potentiodynamic curves in LiBr heavy brine solution under static and dynamic conditions at 25 °C. The corrosion behaviour of the tested alloys is modified by the presence of chromates (inhibitor) in the medium. The corrosion potential in the solution with chromates shifted towards the active direction when cavitation was present; on the contrary, in the solution without inhibitor, cavitation led to a noble shift in the corrosion potential favouring the cathodic reaction.     

Effect of the electrolytic solution composition on the performance of micro-arc anodic oxidation films formed on AM60B magnesium alloy

Anodic oxidation in the micro-arc regime is one of the most investigated techniques used to coat magnesium alloys with ceramic coatings for protection from corrosion and wear. The composition of the electrolytic solution affects the anodic oxide layer morphology and composition and its behaviour in aggressive environments. In this paper the influence of the composition of the electrolytic solution on the anodic oxidation process of AM60B magnesium alloy and oxide properties is discussed. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were employed to assess morphology, crystallographic structure and composition of the anodic oxide. Electrochemical polarization tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion resistance behaviour of the coated magnesium alloys.     

Effect of microcrystallization on pitting corrosion of pure aluminium

A microcrystalline aluminium film with grain size of about 400 nm was prepared by magnetron sputtering technique. Its corrosion behaviour was investigated in NaCl containing acidic solution by means of potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical noise (EN). The polarization results indicated that the corrosion potential of the sample shifted towards more positive direction, while its corrosion current density decreased compared with that of pure coarse-grain Al. The EN analysis based on stochastic model demonstrated that there existed two kinds of effect of microcrystallization on the pitting behaviour of pure aluminium: (1) the rate of pit initiation is accelerated, (2) the pit growth process was impeded. This leads to the enhancement of pitting resistance for the microcrystallized aluminium.     

Growth characteristics and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation coating on pure magnesium for biomedical applications

Protective micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating was prepared on pure magnesium in aqueous solution without toxic components under a constant current density. The whole anodizing process can be divided into four stages based on the differences in voltage, sparking behaviour and oxygen evolution. SEM micrographs show that a thick and dense coating can be obtained after anodizing for adequate time. The corrosion resistance of the samples with anodic coatings was evaluated by drop experiments and potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results confirm that the thick and dense coating can efficiently protect the magnesium substrate from corrosion in aggressive environments.     

Effect of tantalum film on corrosion behaviour of AA6061 aluminium alloy in hydrochloric acid- and chloride-containing solutions

ABSTRACT

The present work is concerned with the corrosion resistance of AA6061 aluminium alloys with tantalum films in hydrochloric acid- and chloride-containing solutions. The tantalum films were produced by magnetron sputtering at different sputtering times (50 and 120 min). The films’ morphologies were observed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersion spectrum. It is shown in this paper that with longer sputtering time, the film’s thickness increased, but it became less dense. The corrosion behaviour was characterised by potentiodynamic polarisation, scanning electrochemical microscopy analysis and an immersion experiment. These investigations revealed that the corrosion resistance of AA6061 aluminium alloy in chloride ions medium and hydrochloric acid was significantly improved after deposition of a tantalum film. Specifically, samples deposited for 50 min exhibited the best corrosion resistance in hydrochloric acid, while samples deposited for 120 min showed best corrosion resistance in sodium chloride solution.     

Electrochemical studies of amorphous,nanocrystalline, and crystalline FeSiB based alloys

Amorphous, nanocrystalline, and crystalline FeSiB based alloys were analyzed by means of the potentiodynamic anodic polarization technique in alkaline and neutral chloride media. The influence on their corrosion behavior of both pH and the addition of Sn, Cu, Nb, and Al was studied. Studies of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were performed.     

Einfluß einer Faserbeschichtung aus pyro-Carbon auf das elektrochemische Korrosionsverhalten von Kohlenstoffaser/Aluminium-Verbunden

Influence of pyro-carbon fibre coating on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of carbon fibre/aluminium composites Carbon fibre reinforced aluminium belongs to leightweight materials with crucial potentials for practical application. The electrochemical corrosion of this material was investigated. Expectedly, the reinforcement of the aluminium with 70 vol.-% carbon fibres (Toray T800) leads to a remarkable decrease of the corrosion resistance, which was assessed by means of immersion tests (3.5% NaCl solution), potentiodynamic measurements (3.5% NaCl solution) and after exposure of the MMCs in a climate chamber (DIN EN ISO 6988). The coating of carbon fibres with a pyrolytical carbon layer is useful in terms of providing a sufficient fibre protection during the processing of the MMCs. In that case, chemical interactions between the fibres and the aluminium can be regulated. Furthermore, there is the possibililty to tailor a definite mechanical behaviour of the MMCs due to the application of the pyrolytical carbon layer. Because the utilization of pyrolytical carbon layers on carbon fibres is necessary in some cases, the electrochemical behaviour of MMCs made from coated carbon fibres and aluminium was investigated as well. It was found that the used pyrolytical carbon layer on the T800 fibres caused a further significant degradation of the corrosion resistance. A probable reason for that may be an increased reactivity of the pyrolytical carbon, which was syntheticized during a CVD (chemical vapour deposition) process.     

Anodic plasma electrolytic nitrocarburising of VT22 titanium alloy in carbamide and ammonium chloride electrolyte

The structure of alpha- and beta-titanium alloy VT22, its microhardness, surface roughness, wear and corrosion resistance after anodic plasma electrolytic nitrocarburising in an electrolyte containing carbamide and ammonium chloride were investigated. An X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the phase composition and structure of the modified surface. Tribological properties of the treated titanium alloy were evaluated using a ball-on-disc tribometer under lubricated testing conditions. The effect of processing temperature on corrosion resistance of the plasma electrolytic nitrocarburising samples was examined by means of potentiodynamic polarization in Ringer’s solution. It was shown that the anodic nitrocarburising provides saturation of the titanium alloy with oxygen, nitrogen and carbon and the formation of TiO₂ with a rutile structure and a nitrogen/carbon solid solution in titanium. The anodic plasma electrolytic nitrocarburising at all treatment temperatures diminishes the wear rate of the titanium alloy samples and the surface roughness. Friction coefficient of treated samples can be reduced by 4.7 times. The anodic nitrocarburising results in an enhanced corrosion resistance since the corrosion potential increases by an order of magnitude.     

Electrochemical characterization of Ni47.7Ti37.8Nb14.5 shape memory alloy in artificial saliva

Electrochemical corrosion behaviour of the studied Ni_47.7Ti_37.8Nb_14.5 (NiTiNb) shape memory alloy was investigated for dental applications. An equiatomic NiTi alloy was used in some tests as reference material. Electrochemical techniques such as anodic potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed. Experiments were carried out using artificial saliva. Very low passive current densities were obtained from the anodic polarization curve, indicating a typical passive behaviour for NiTiNb alloy. Over the surface of the NiTiNb alloy uniform corrosion appears, while in case of the NiTi alloy surface pitting corrosion is developed. The role that Nb plays as an alloying element is by increasing the resistance of NiTi alloy to localized corrosion. The EIS results exhibited high impedance values (order of 10⁶ Ω cm²) obtained from medium to low frequencies which are indicative of the formation of a highly stable passive film on NiTiNb alloy in the artificial saliva.     

Effect of citrate additive on the electrodeposition and corrosion behaviour of Zn–Co alloy

The electrodeposition of Zn–15Co alloy on a stainless steel substrate from a citrate bath has been investigated as a function of pH and citrate concentration in the electroplating bath. UV–vis results and speciation diagrams of zinc and cobalt in aqueous citrate solution were used to select deposition baths with different dominant Zn–Co citrate complexes. Voltammetry and potentiostatic methods were used to study the codeposition mechanism. The corrosion behaviour of electrodeposits of Zn–15Co alloys was studied by means of electrochemical experiments in a solution of 3.5% NaCl using potentiodynamic polarisation and open circuit potential. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the deposits was highly influenced by the presence of citrate in the electroplating bath.     

Corrosion behaviour of the extruded and unidirectionally solidified Al-Al4Ca eutectic alloy in a neutral sodium chloride solution

The corrosion behaviour of extruded and unidirectionally solidified Al-Al₄Ca eutectic alloy in a neutral sodium chloride solution has been compared with the behaviour of commercially pure Al and Al-Cu alloy. From both anodic and cathodic cyclic linear potentiodynamic measurements and from S.E.M. observations it was possible to point out that the corrosion behaviour of unidirectionally solidified alloy is substantially equal to that of the extruded alloy, slightly different from that of commercially pure Al and better than Al-Cu alloy. Therefore, the use of this new lamellae-reinforced Al-Al₄Ca composite is promising, even though from the corrosion point of view further studies involving different techniques and conditions (solutions, temperature, surface state, stress, etc.) should be undertaken.     

Corrosion behaviour of an Fe3Al-type intermetallic in a chloride containing solution

The corrosion behaviour of an Fe₃Al-base intermetallic compound with different crystal structures in a chloride containing solution has been investigated. The corrosion current densities of this intermetallic were independent of the material crystal structure showing a passive state stable with time. These corrosion rates were of the same order of magnitude as for 316L stainless steel. The pitting corrosion resistance evaluated by means of cyclic anodic polarization curves was high for all different states. Amongst the different crystal structures of this intermetallic alloy, the two ordered states present the lowest pitting probability. This Fe₃Al intermetallic shows higher pitting corrosion resistance than the 316L stainless steel but its capacity for repassivation is lower. A damaging factor of influence on the pitting corrosion behaviour is the presence of non-metallic inclusions on the surface which reduce the pitting corrosion resistance by almost a half.     

Electrochemical characterisation of biomedical alloys for surgical implants in simulated body fluids

The aim of this research is to compare the electrochemical behaviour of two biomedical alloys, AISI 316L and CoCrMo in simulated body fluids. This comparison is focused on the influence of solution chemistry and immersion time on the passive behaviour using electrochemical techniques, potentiodynamic curves, potentiostatic tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).Influence of albumin, used as model protein, on both biomaterials depends on the nature of the alloy. It decreases the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L while increases the corrosion resistance of CoCrMo. Although it is known that it adsorbs on both alloys, properties of the passive layer modifies the effect of albumin. On the contrary, precipitation of phosphate ions could explain the highest resistance values in the phosphate solutions on both cases.The study shows that the electrochemical behaviour of CoCrMo shows higher transfer resistance and lower capacitance which means thicker and more protective passive films than AISI 316L. However, differences between both alloys disappear with time depending on the solution chemistry.     

ZA35合金在NaCl水溶液中的电化学行为

为了对合金元素Mn如何影响ZA35合金的电化学腐蚀性能有更深的认识,采用动电位极化方法测试了铸态ZA35和1．0％Mn．ZA35合金在不同温度的NaCl水溶液中的开路电位和极化曲线,分析了温度和合金元素Mn对合金电化学腐蚀性能的影响。实验结果显示：随着NaCl溶液温度升高,合金的开路电位下降（负移）,并且1．0％Mn．ZA35合金较铸态ZA35的开路电位低;NaCl溶液温度升高,铸态ZA35合金和1．0％Mn—ZA35合金腐蚀电流密度逐渐增加;相同温度下,1．0％Mn—ZA35合金较铸态ZA35合金腐蚀电流密度大。Mn做为合金元素,在ZA35合金基体中固溶度很小．1．0％Mn-ZA35合金中析出富锰相,降低了耐腐蚀性能。     

几种封闭方法处理后铝阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性比较

通过极化曲线、开路电位监测、交流阻抗技术等电化学方法研究了工业纯铝L3阳极氧化膜试样在1mol/LNaCl溶液中的电化学行为,比较了经过沸水封闭、重铬酸钾封闭和镍盐冷封闭处理后的氧化膜试样的耐蚀性。结果表明:封闭处理改善了氧化膜试样在氯化钠溶液中的耐蚀性,耐蚀性从弱到强的顺序是:未封闭<沸水封闭<重铬酸钾封闭相似文献   

几种Al合金阳极氧化膜的孔蚀行为

用电化学极化和SEM分析等方法研究了工业纯铝L2，硬铝LY12和超硬铝LC4 3种Al合金的阳极氧化膜在NaCl溶液中的孔蚀行为.3种合金氧化膜在1 mol/L的中性、酸性、碱性NaCl溶液中均发生孔蚀，其阳极极化电流呈台阶式上升.当阳极氧化膜厚度增大时，L2的氧化膜耐孔蚀性能提高，LY12和LC4的氧化膜耐蚀性则没有明显改善.L2的阳极氧化膜上小孔贯穿氧化膜后，优先在Al基体中发展，形成外形规则、内部深 而大的小孔；LY12和LC4的阳极氧化膜上小孔则有膜中发展倾向，形成大而浅的小孔.氧化膜中的合金元素对腐蚀行为有重要影响.