中温烧结Mg_4Nb_2O_9-CaTiO_3陶瓷相结构的研究

采用传统固态反应方法制备了(1-x)Mg4Nb2O9+xCaTiO3[(1-x)MN-xCT]复合陶瓷。探讨了烧结温度、组分x对Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3复合材料相结构的影响。通过XRD和EDS进行物相分析。实验结果表明:V2O5添加能够有效降低Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3陶瓷的烧结温度;(1-x)MN-xCT复相的形成主要取决于烧结温度和x的含量。1150℃烧结、0.5≤x≤0.7范围内,形成了Mg4Nb2O9/CaTiO3复相,无新相生成,但元素在不同相之间发生了扩散。     

Synthesis of Li2Fe0.9Mn0.1SiO4/C composites using glucose as carbon source

Li2Fe0.9Mn0.1SiO4/C composites were synthesized by using glucose as carbon source. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. All Li2Fe0.9Mn0.1SiO4/C composites are of the similar crystal structure. With increasing the carbon content in the range of 5%-20% (mass fraction), the diffraction peaks in XRD patterns broaden and the particle sizes and the tap density of samples decrease. The Li2Fe0.9Mn0.1SiO4/C composites with carbon content of 14.12% show excellent the capacity retention remains 92.2% after 30 cycles.     

微波水热-固相法制备钙铁石型Ca2Fe2O5粉体及其表征

以硝酸铁和硝酸钙为原料,草酸铵作为络合剂,用氨水调节pH,采用微波水热-固相法制备钙铁石型Ca2Fe2O5粉体.利用XRD和SEM对产物的物相和微观形貌进行表征,结果表明：微波水热预处理后得到的CaCO3-Fe2O3复合氧化物,颗粒度小,反应活性较高,在700℃下焙烧3h便可制备正交晶系的Ca2Fe2O5粉体.     

适用于谷物干燥的红外辐射陶瓷材料

以Al2O3、SiO2为主体原料,Fe2O3、CuO、Y2O3为辅助原料,经高温烧结合成了适用于谷物干燥的红外辐射陶瓷材料(莫来石及掺杂莫来石)。并测定了其在2.5~15μm波段的红外辐射率在0.845~0.933之间。利用正交实验设计,以红外辐射率为指标进行了配方的优化设计,经过分析得到最佳质量分数的配方方案:主体原料:莫来石子90%(Al2O3与SiO2的摩尔比为3∶2);辅助原料:Fe2O3为2.5%、CuO为5%、Y2O3为2.5%。     

CaMnO3热电材料的低温烧结研究

采用固相反应法制备CaMnO3粉末,加入Bi2O3混合、压块后,在900％烧结12h得到样品,并对样品的物相、组织和热电性能进行了测试分析。结果表明：制备出的热电材料是单相的CaMnO3,加入Bi2O3后没有形成可观测的第二相;随着Bi2O3加入量的增加,样品的平均电导率增大,温差电势减小;平均电导率随温度的增加而增加,呈半导体特性,温差电势随温度的增加而增大;加入Bi2O3促进了烧结,降低了烧结温度,改善了材料的热电性能。     

Microstructure analysis of AISI 304 stainless steel produced by twin-roll thin strip casting process

The microstructure of AISI 304 austenite stainless steel fabricated by the thin strip casting process were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures of the casting strips show a duplex structure consisting of delta ferrite and austenite. The volume fraction of the delta ferrite is about 9.74vol% at the center and 6.77vol% at the surface of the casting thin strip, in vermicular and band shapes. On account of rapid cooling and solidification in the continuous casting process, many kinds of inclusions and precipitates have been found. Most of the inclusions and precipitates are spherical complex compounds consisting of oxides, such as, SiO2, MnO, Al2O3, Cr2O3, and FeO or their multiplicity oxides of MnO·Al2O3, 2FeO·SiO2, and 2MnO·SiO2. Many defects including dislocations and stacking faults have also formed during the rapid cooling and solidification process, which is helpful to improve the mechanical properties of the casting strips.     

反应温度对微波法合成Fe2V4O13光催化粉体及其光催化性能的影响

以Fe（NO3）3·9H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用微波水热-煅烧两步法合成了片层状结构单斜相Fe2V4O13光催化剂．以罗丹明B溶液为目标降解物,对不同煅烧温度下合成的Fe2V4O13粉体的光催化性能进行了研究．结果表明：随着煅烧温度的升高,片层状颗粒不断长大,Fe2V4O13光催化剂的结晶性能逐渐增强,粉体的比表面积逐渐减小．350℃和550℃下制备出的片层状粉体分别是由300nm大小及1Arm大小的小颗粒和块状颗粒聚集生长而成,二者都不利于光催化性能的提高;450℃煅烧合成的Fe2V4O13粉体晶化强度良好且粉体间团聚现象较小,具有较大的比表面积,光催化反应活性位点多,有利于光催化反应的进行．该温度下合成的Fe2V4O13粉体在紫外光照射240rain后对罗丹明B溶液的降解率可达到79．0％．     

电感耦合等离子体法测定桂郁金中的微量元素

以桂郁金为原料,经浓硝酸-双氧水(30％)处理后用微波消解样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定其中的Na、B、Mg、Al、P、Ca、Ti、Zn、Ba、Mn、Fe、K含量,Li、Be、Tl、Mo、Pb、Cd、Sr、V、Cr、Cu、Ni、Co等元素的含量则以电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP - MS)测定.方法的准确性用国家一级标准物质GBW - 10015、GBW - 10020对比分析证实.试验结果表明:桂郁金中富含Fe、Mn、Ti等微量元素,其中Fe含量最高为360μg/g,而Be、Cd、Mo、TI、V含量较低,均低于1μg/g.该法快速简便、准确率高、精密度好,完全可以满足样品中元素含量测定要求.     

保护渣组分对部分稳定氧化锆原料高温稳定性的影响

选择CaO稳定氧化锆、CaO—Y2O3复合稳定氧化锆、Y2O3稳定氧化锆和MgO稳定氧化锆原料为研究对象,借助x射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析Al2O3、SiO2、Fe3O4、MnO2及3种不同组分的结晶器保护渣对这些原料高温稳定性的影响。结果表明,部分稳定氧化锆原料的高温稳定性主要取决于其稳定剂与渣组分的反应程度;高碱度渣有利于保持部分稳定氧化锆原料的稳定性。     

Eu3+浓度对Ca3Al2O6:Eu3+晶体结构和发光性能的影响

以β-丙氨酸和尿素为燃料,采用溶液燃烧法在低温450℃下合成制备了Ca3Al2O6:Eu3+荧光粉。样品的发射光谱由位于594 nm、617 nm、653 nm及700 nm处的4组线状峰构成,分别对应Eu3+的5D0→7Fj(j=1~4)特征跃迁,其中617 nm处的峰最强,样品呈现红色发光。考察了Eu3+掺杂浓度对晶体结构和发光性能的影响。结果呈示:随着掺杂浓度的增加晶格常数逐渐减小,[O—Al—O]的对称伸缩振动Raman峰蓝移;在低掺杂浓度时荧光强度逐渐增大,掺杂6%时达到最大,之后出现浓度猝灭现象,猝灭机制为交互作用;Eu3+的5D0→7F2与5D0→7F1跃迁强度比随着掺杂浓度的增加逐渐增大,掺杂的Eu3+主要取代处于非对称中心的Ca2+。     

CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系统微晶玻璃晶化行为的研究

以CaO Al2 O3 SiO2 系统为基础玻璃 ,以粉煤灰为主要原料制得以透辉石 (CaO·MgO·2SiO2 )和钙黄长石 (2CaO·Al2 O3 ·SiO2 )、霞石 (NaAlSiO4 )为主晶相的微晶玻璃。用DTA、XRD和SEM等现代测试方法 ,研究了Fe2 O3 ,TiO2 ,Cr2 O3 对粉煤灰玻璃的晶化行为的影响。结果表明 :Fe2 O3 有利于形成尖晶石型MgFe2 O4 晶核剂 ,从而促进玻璃的微晶化。Cr2 O3 、TiO2 均是有效的晶核剂     

缅甸达贡山含镍风化壳地质地球化学特征及成矿作用

缅甸达贡山含镍超基性岩的代表性风化剖面显示,该风化壳发育层带结构,自上至下依次为红土盖层—褐铁矿层—腐岩层—基岩。元素在该风化剖面上的分布特征显示,在风化作用中SiO2、MgO、CaO、Na2O等大量淋失,而TiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MnO、Ni、Co、Cr2O3等则残留于岩体风化壳之中。Ni主要富集在腐岩层的中上部,平均含量1.56%（基岩Ni含量0.49%）,系由上部含镍溶胶下渗在（腐岩层）弱碱性环境中发生次生沉淀的结果。腐岩层是该区红土型镍矿的重要找矿标志层位,Ni次生富集带深度6～30 m。除有利于成矿的岩浆岩、气候以及大地构造条件外,适度的风化强度有利于Ni次生富集成矿。     

Effect of sintering time on the electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn2O4 synthesized by solid-state reaction

LiMn2O4 powder as a cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries was prepared by solid-state reaction from LitCO3 and electrolytic MnOz at different sintering periods （2, 6, 18, and 32 h）. X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns of the prepared samples are identified as the spinel structure with a space group of Fd3 m. The lattice parameters almost remain the same as the sintering periods increase. The sample with a sintering period of 32 h shows good cycling performance at both low and nigh current densities, and also elevated temperature. It is believed that the excellent electrochemical behavior of this sample results from its good crystallinity and large grain size compared with other samples. Different electrochemical measurements were conducted to investigate the electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn204. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Effect of nucleating agents on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 glass-ceramics

SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 glasses with different nucleating agents were crystallized under special processing schedule. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the glass-ceramics in SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 system were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and three-point bending method. The results show that ZrO2 is not an effective nucleating agent in SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2 system, while TiO2 is effective for the separation of spinel, and P2O5 facilitates solubility of ZrO2 in glass and crystallization. The main crystalline phases of the glass-ceramics are spinel, anorthite and tetragonal zirconia. With the increase of ZrO2 content in the glass, glass-ceramics show higher bending strength （120 MPa） than others.     

Fe2O3 和MnO2对淮北矿区高灰分煤燃烧特性

通过热重分析法研究了Fe2 O3和M nO2对高灰分煤燃烧性能与动力学特性的影响,结果表明Fe2 O3和M nO2能提高煤粉的着火和燃尽指数;利用Coats‐Redfern积分法对试样燃烧过程进行动力学分析,发现 Fe2 O3和M nO2均可降低煤粉燃烧反应的活化能;燃烧灰渣SEM图表明Fe2 O3和M nO2可以改变煤燃烧的反应历程,使燃烧更充分。     

低介Ba(Al0.98Co0.02)2Si2O8-Ba5Si8O21基LTCC微波介质陶瓷的研究

采用传统固相反应法,按摩尔比合成0.7Ba(Al_0.98Co_0.02)₂Si₂O₈?0.3Ba₅Si₈O₂₁(BACS-BS)基陶瓷,分析Li₂O-B₂O₃(1wt%)(L-B)烧结助剂对其烧结特性、相组成和微波介电性能的影响,探讨0.7BACS-0.3BS+1wt%(L-B)陶瓷理论与实验介电常数(ε_r)的差异。结果表明:添加1wt%(L-B)烧结助剂能有效降低0.7BACS-0.3BS基陶瓷的烧结温度(950 ℃),但严重影响其微波介电性能;在950℃烧结的0.7Ba(Al_0.98Co_0.02)₂Si₂O₈-0.3Ba₅Si₈O₂₁+1wt%(Li₂O-B₂O₃)陶瓷具有较好的微波介电性能,其ε_r=7.56, Q×f=13 976 GHz, τ_f=?6.32 ppm/℃;0.7BACS-0.3BS+1wt%(L-B)复合陶瓷与Ag电极有很好的化学相容性,这为其在LTCC技术的应用奠定了良好的基础。     

X-射线荧光与红外联合测定萤石中各组分含量

采用粉末直接压片法,用X一射线荧光光谱法测得萤石中Ca总量、Fe2O3、P、SiO2、K2O的含量,再用红外吸收法测得样品中碳含量,换算得到CaCO3中的钙含量,进一步求得萤石中CaF2含量。此方法简便、准确。用9个标准物质制定了工作曲线,并进行了自测,另用该系列中5号（GBW07254）进行准确度和精度测试,结果令人满意。     

烧结法制MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-KF玻璃陶瓷成分设计优化及显微析晶研究

通过烧结与水淬相结合的方法制备并系统探讨了MgO- SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-KF玻璃陶瓷的显微析晶.研究表明:MgO-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-KF玻璃陶瓷的烧结收缩率与玻璃化及组分的析晶程度相关;析晶程度愈高,烧结坯愈致密;试样中成分配比愈接近云母晶体成分的原子比,玻璃陶瓷的显微析晶程度愈高;在烧结温度为1 000℃时,即开始出现析晶,到1 050℃时,析晶程度达到最高,继续提高烧结温度,显微析晶又发生重熔.     

昆明玄武岩红土物质组成的剖面特征

在对昆明某地玄武岩红土进行现场勘察的基础上,对其剖面的物质组成取样进行了研究。结果表明：玄武岩红土剖面的物质组成由地表向下呈有规律的变化,化学成分为SiO2,Fe2O3,AI2O3为主,随剖面深度的增大,SiO2逐渐增大,Fe2O3和AI2O3逐渐减少;烧失量、pH值、比表面积、阳离子交换量都逐渐减小,颗粒组成上细下粗,具中等分散性,粘粒含量不高,天然含水率小,土颗粒密度大,低塑性,不具膨胀性,有一定的崩解能力。这充分反映了同一剖面上红土化作用从上到下逐渐减弱的变化规律。     

Microstructure and electrical properties of Y2O3-doped ZnO-based varistor ceramics prepared by high-energy ball milling

Y2O3-doped ZnO-based varistor ceramics were prepared using high-energy ball milling （HEBM） and low-temperature sin- tering technique, with voltage-gradient of 1934-2197 V/mm, non-linear coefficients of 20.8-21.8, leakage currents of 0.59-1.04 μA, and densities of 5.46-5.57 g/cm3. With increasing Y2O3 content, the voltage-gradient increases because of the decrease of ZnO grain size; the non-linear coefficient and the leakage current improve but the density decreases because of more porosity; the donor con- centration and density of interface states decrease, whereas the barrier height and width increase because of the acceptor effect of Y2O3 in varistor ceramics.