计算流体力学技术在食品冷藏链中的应用

目的综述国内外计算力体力学(CFD)在食品冷藏链中的应用现状。方法分类讨论CFD在食品冷藏链中预冷、冷冻、冷藏、冷藏运输4个环节中的应用。结果归纳总结了CFD在食品冷链设备中的应用研究与进展,并指出了今后的发展方向。结论 CFD数值模拟技术在食品冷藏链中得到了广泛的应用,通过CFD数值模拟技术对冷链设备中的流场进行模拟分析,对冷链设备的优化与降低设备能耗具有重要意义。     

上海市发展食品冷藏链的展望

文章阐述了上海市自廿十世纪九十年代以来在建立食品冷藏链事业中已取得初步进展，未来十年本市冷藏链将进入逐步完善和健全阶段，进而展望下阶段发展的一些特征。     

“冷藏链”与“保鲜链”及其实现的条件

本文进一步探讨了“冷藏链”和保鲜链，并提出了“三Ｑ”和“三Ｍ”等有关概念，论述了实现“冷藏链”和保鲜链的条件，并指出了后的研究方向。     

浅析食品冷藏链的发展现状及展望

食品冷藏链主要它包括食品加工、保鲜贮藏和流通运输三大类,如何保证低温冷冻食品的质量,加速冷链物流的管理和发展,已成为冷链物流建设的首要问题。本文分析了食品冷藏链所涉及的技术领域及相互之间的内在联系,并通过对国内外发展状况的比较,指出了我国食品冷藏链存在的问题,并探讨了冷链物流的发展,食品冷藏链设备在中国有很大的市场前景,只要投入力量,提高食品冷藏链设备自动控制水平以提高食品质量,将会给企业带来新的经济增长点。     

上海市食品冷藏链的进展和展望

文章分析了上海市自九十年代以来在建立和完善食品冷藏链事业中取得的若干进展,并展望了在新世纪本市冷藏链技术和应用的发展前景.发展食品冷藏链不仅能充分利用食品资源、减少腐败变质损失,还能推动各相关产业的发展和节约能源、保护环境.     

建设水产品冷藏链的基本要点

本文从水产品冷冻加工、贮藏运输、品质保证等各方面特点出发，探讨了建设水产品冷链应该具备的基本条件，阐明了作者的观点，仅供参考。     

我国冷藏链目前存在的问题

在调查了解情况的基础上,经过分析归纳,本文提出了我国冷藏链目前的薄弱环节及面临的问题,并对处理这些问题的方法提出了一些设想。     

连锁企业冷藏链的优化

本文指出了我国快速发展的连锁企业冷藏链的应用现状以及冷藏链应用过程中出现的一些问题，提出了冷藏链优化的原则及办法，旨在对我国加入WTO以后连锁企业规范经营及参与国际、国内竞争提供一些借鉴。     

再谈冷藏一论食品冷藏链与物流的关系

冷藏链是我国近年来谈论的热点之一。食品冷藏链、冷链物流等行业的加速发展，从另一个层面，需要从概念、理论上有一个初步的总结，从而引导其稳步推进。作为上海水产大学食品学院制冷空调工程系的教学、科研工作者，有义务、有责任首先提出并初步总结食品冷藏链框架性的内容，“抛砖引玉”般地与同行们一起来讨论、梳理。     

食品冷链设备的集装箱化

冷藏集装箱作为食品冷链中重要的冷藏运输工具,一直被广泛应用。它具有通用性强、标准化程度高等特点,其各方面的应用研究方兴未艾。本文根据冷藏集装箱和食品冷链设备的性能特点,分析食品冷链设备集装箱化的发展趋势,介绍冷藏集装箱在食品冷链中预冷、冻结和低温加工环节的应用进展,并给出相关建议。     

我国食品冷藏业的发展现状

对我国食品冷藏业进入21世纪以来最初10年发展的特点进行系统的归纳和总结,分析引发这些特点的原因。同时,展望未来10年我国食品冷藏业发展的趋势。     

Energy-efficient frozen food transports: the Refrigerated Routing Problem

Given the growing importance of cold chains and the need to promote sustainable processes, energy efficiency in refrigerated transports is investigated at operational level. The Refrigerated Routing Problem is defined, involving multi-drop deliveries of palletised unit loads of frozen food from a central depot to clients. The objective is to select the route with minimum fuel consumption for both traction and refrigeration. The problem formulation considers speed variation due to traffic congestion phenomena, as well as decreasing load on board along the route as successive clients are visited. Transmission load for exposure of the vehicle to outdoor temperatures and infiltration load at door opening are modelled, taking into account outdoor conditions varying along the day and the year. The resulting multi-period problem is modelled and solved by means of Constraint Programming. Test scenarios come from a real local network for frozen bread dough distributed to supermarkets. Results show how fuel minimisation leads to the selection of different routes in comparison to the traditional total travel distance or time objectives. Energy savings are affected by demand distribution among the clients, departure time, number of visits per tour, seasonality and location of the delivery network.     

Modelling of sustainable food grain supply chain distribution system: a bi-objective approach

Growing food demand, environmental degradation, post-harvest losses and the dearth of resources encourage the decision makers from developing nations to integrate the economic and environmental aspects in food supply chain network design. This paper aims to develop a bi-objective decision support model for sustainable food grain supply chain considering an entire network of procurement centres, central, state and district level warehouses, and fair price shops. The model seeks to minimise the cost and carbon dioxide emission simultaneously. The model covers several problem peculiarities such as multi-echelon, multi-period, multi-modal transportation, multiple sourcing and distribution, emission caused due to various motives, heterogeneous capacitated vehicles and limited availability, and capacitated warehouses. Multiple realistic problem instances are solved using the two Pareto based multi-objective algorithms. Sensitivity analysis results imply that the decision makers should establish a sufficient number of warehouses in each producing and consuming states by maintaining the suitable balance between the two objectives. Various policymakers like Food Corporation of India, logistics providers and state government agencies will be benefited from this research study.     

Modelling carbon trading and refrigerated logistics services within a fresh food supply chain under carbon cap-and-trade regulation

Carbon cap-and-trade regulation is widely adopted to reduce carbon emissions. Under this regulation, we propose a carbon trading mechanism considering refrigerated logistics services in a fresh food supply chain. In addition to supplying fresh food, the supplier offers refrigerated logistics services and overstocked carbon emission permits to the retailer. We study the decisions on the price of emission permits traded within the supply chain, the retail price and the price of refrigerated logistics services in different carbon trading options, without carbon trade, inner carbon trade, inner and outer carbon trade. Pricing strategies for fresh food, emission permits and refrigerated logistics services are provided for supply chain members. We also reveal the relationship between carbon trading and refrigerated logistics services, and investigate their joint influence on the supplier–retailer cooperative relationship. In addition, it is shown that with the implementation of a transfer payment mechanism, supply chain members are motivated to participate in the carbon trading mechanism, which has advantages including improved resource utilisation and more competitive supply chains.     

我国冷藏车发展概况及前景

分析了我国食品冷藏链的现状,介绍了冷藏车的发展概况,提出了发展我国冷藏车的建议,其对我国冷藏车的设计与运行管理具有一定的参考价值。     

果蔬的产地预冷及冷链问题探讨

本文介绍了当前我国果蔬生产和冷链的概况。结合差压预冷的设计,提出采用移动式差压预冷装置进行产地果蔬预冷,并在果蔬运输中采用蓄冷板加优质覆盖材料的方式,解决国内果蔬冷链存在的问题。     

各种铁路冷藏运输工具的发展对策

本文通过对我国铁路各种冷藏运输工具的分析,提出了维持现有加冰冷藏车、限制发展机械冷藏车、适当发展冷藏集装箱和大力发展板冷藏车的发展对策,并认为冷板冷藏车的发展前景非常广阔。     

食品冷链中常见断链问题的技术对策探讨

自始至终的“低温状态”是食品冷链的本质特点,但在我国食品冷链的各个环节中经常出现断链现象。本文通过对食品冷链的生产、运输、装卸、仓储、零售和消费等环节常见断链问题的讨论和分析,给出了防止这些断链问题发生的技术对策。