陈化澄清分离法对湿法磷酸含固量的控制

通过对湿法磷酸生产中淤渣形成机理及影响淤渣分离因素的分析,介绍采用陈化澄清法对过滤稀磷酸和浓缩磷酸含固量的控制,生产的商品磷酸含固量可达到1%以下。     

料浆法与传统法联产磷酸二铵和磷酸一铵

介绍了料浆法与传统法联产磷酸铵新工艺,即将部分混有淤渣的稀磷酸通NH3中和,浓缩料浆再将所得制粉状磷酸一铵。另一部分沉出淤渣的清澈磷酸经浓缩后再中和制磷酸二铵。这样既提高了生产能力,又使磷酸淤渣获得合理利用。工业试验表明,联产法是二种工艺优势互补、扩能增效、节能降耗。投资小,效益明显的磷肥生产方法,值得推广应用。     

配加湿法磷酸淤渣生产黄磷的技术创新

云南天安化工拥有完整的黄磷和湿法磷化工产业链,公司技术创新,将湿法磷酸淤渣添加到磷矿粉中应用于黄磷生产。介绍配加湿法磷酸淤渣生产黄磷的试生产情况、工艺路线的改进及运行效果。结果表明,该法磷炉运行总体平稳,各项参数指标可控,生产环保、社会经济效益显著,开拓了湿法磷酸淤渣利用新途径。     

湿法重钙技术评价

一、前言用湿法磷酸分解磷矿制成的重过磷酸钙,简称为湿法重钙。目前国际市场上的商品重过磷酸钙,含有效P_2O_5不低于46％。由于其质量好,在高浓度磷肥领域里占有重要地位。凡是湿法磷酸工业发达的国家,湿法重钙都相应地得到迅速发展。生产湿法重钙的典型流程,有浓酸法和稀酸法两种。前者是以48～50％P_2O_5的浓磷酸与磷矿反应和堆置熟化而成,称为浓酸熟化     

湿法磷酸淤渣酸制备微粒磷肥可行性研究

将湿法磷酸淤渣酸、尿素按比例混合后加热反应,得到NP复合肥初级产品,初级产品再经粉碎、微粒化处理得到微粒磷肥产品。用该方法制备的微粒磷肥w(总养分)不低于54%,粒径0.5～1.5 mm,水溶磷占有效磷比例高达96%,且聚合磷占有效磷比例约50%。分析该肥料具有的独特技术特点和优势。该技术为湿法磷酸淤渣酸高效利用提供新的路径。     

利用湿法磷酸淤渣制取特种高镁普钙的研究

以湿法磷酸厂生产过程中产生的磷酸淤渣为原料,制备符合市场需求的特种高镁普钙。研究内容:1)对湿法磷酸淤渣、磷矿浮选尾矿以及新西兰特种普钙主要成分含量进行分析。2)以湿法磷酸淤渣为原料,采取4种试验方案制备特种高镁普钙,通过与新西兰特种普钙成分含量的对比结果,选出最优制备工艺。结果表明:采用第4组试验方案能有效利用尾矿中的磷、镁元素,尾矿中磷的利用率达到90%以上,镁的利用率达到99%以上。结论:利用磷酸淤渣与尾矿为主要原料,可以生产出符合市场需求,附加值较高的新西兰特种高镁普钙。     

湿法磷酸装置技术创新方向

论述我国大型湿法磷酸装置生产技术和装置概况、湿法磷酸装置技术创新的方向:装置规模大型化(大于1 000 t/d P2O5);开采和利用低品位磷矿生产磷酸(如窑法磷酸工艺技术);湿法磷酸净化及分级利用;湿法磷酸生产过程中淤渣酸的综合利用;磷酸生产废水废渣(磷石膏)的综合利用。技术创新应是企业持续追求的目标。     

湿法磷酸生产浓磷酸淤渣分离设备的选型

针对湿法磷酸生产中浓磷酸淤渣难以利用的问题,提出浓磷酸淤渣分离方法,并对分离设备进行了选型试验,给出了试验的过程及参数。结果表明,卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机适用于浓磷酸淤渣分离,分离后清液w(固)为1.64%,滤渣w(H2O)为47.81%。     

降低湿法磷酸淤渣产生量的措施

随着湿法磷酸净化及分级利用技术的发展,降低湿法磷酸淤渣产生量已成为行业的发展趋势,越来越受到企业的重视。以云南三环中化化肥有限公司生产实际为基础,介绍降低湿法磷酸淤渣产生量的措施,包括优化磷矿配比,降低过滤稀磷酸、澄清稀磷酸固含量。技改措施实施后,清酸与渣酸产出比例由4.6∶1.0提高至6.8∶1.0,每年降渣效益为1 000多万元,经济效益明显。     

料浆法制备重过磷酸钙工艺条件优化的研究

介绍以浓磷酸淤渣与磷矿浆为原料,采用料浆法制备重过磷酸钙的实验,研究反应停留时间、磷矿粉细度等工艺条件对磷矿分解率的影响。通过实验,得到制备重过磷酸钙的较优工艺条件:m(P_2O_5磷酸)/m(P_2O_5磷精矿)=2.4,反应温度为90~100℃,反应停留时间为25~35 min,磷矿粉细度为粒径0.074 mm的颗粒占60%左右,得到的重过磷酸钙产品达到一等品的要求。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。