基于矿物元素指纹图谱技术的芸豆产地溯源研究

探讨矿物元素指纹分析技术对芸豆产地溯源的可行性,筛选出判别芸豆产地溯源的有效指标。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定来自依安县和拜泉县2个地域54份芸豆样品中31种矿物元素的含量,对数据进行方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和判别分析。研究表明,芸豆中25种矿物元素含量在地域间存在显著性差异,通过逐步判别分析筛选出Ca、As、Mg和Pt 4项元素指标建立芸豆产地判别模型,所建立的模型对芸豆产地整体交叉检验判别率为94.4%。因此,矿物元素指纹图谱技术可用于判别芸豆产地来源。     

综合肉样及环境矿物质元素信息的滩羊肉产地鉴别

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定盐池县滩羊肉和环境中25种矿物元素含量,并结合主成分分析、聚类分析及线性判别分析进一步解析盐池县滩羊肉及环境中矿物元素含量特征,从而筛选盐池滩羊肉产地溯源指标及环境溯源指标,综合肉样及环境矿物质元素信息,建立判别模型并验证。最终筛选出的盐池县滩羊肉矿物元素指标为Cr、Ni、Cu、Rb、Sr、Mo、Ba、Mn、Sn,回代检验和交叉检验的整体正确判别率分别为97.50%、95.00%;盐池县环境矿物元素指标为K、P、Ca、Na、Mg、V、Ni、Zn、Ba、Rb、Cr、Sr、Fe,回代检验和交叉检验的整体正确判别率分别为93.80%、97.50%;盐池县滩羊肉与环境的共同矿物元素溯源指标为Cr、Ni、Rb、Sr、Ba,回代检验和交叉检验的整体正确判别率分别为96.30%、95.00%。说明筛选出的元素对随机滩羊肉样品产地鉴别有效,可作为盐池滩羊肉产地矿物元素指纹溯源的信息指标。     

大豆有机成分辅助矿物元素指纹特征产地溯源

为提高矿物元素指纹图谱技术对大豆产地溯源的稳定性和准确性。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定黑龙江嫩江及北安共168?份大豆及对应土壤样品中矿物元素含量并分别测定大豆中蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性总糖和灰分含量。结果表明,采用步进式方法筛选出的10?种特征指标建立的判别模型对训练集大豆产地的整体正确判别率为96.4%,其中对黑龙江嫩江、北安大豆产地的正确判别率分别为98.1%、95%。回代检验对验证集大豆产地的整体正确判别率为98.2%,其中对黑龙江嫩江、北安大豆产地的正确判别率分别为100%、96.7%。验证集中对黑龙江嫩江、北安大豆产地的整体正确判别率高于测试集两产地的正确判别率（98.2%＞96.4%）,说明这7?种矿物元素和3?种有机成分是用于大豆产地判别的主要特征指标,携带了充分的产地判别信息。     

基于矿物元素技术的品种、产区葡萄酒的判别分析

通过分析宁夏贺兰山东麓不同品种,不同产区葡萄酒中矿物元素含量差异,结合多元统计分析,筛选有效的溯源指标,构建葡萄酒品种和原产地判别模型。该研究采集了宁夏贺兰山东麓产区6个单品葡萄酒样品54份,甘肃武威产区和河北沙城产区葡萄酒样品10份,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定了样品中58种矿物元素含量,结合方差分析、主成分分析和Fisher判别分析方法建立了葡萄酒品种和产地判别模型。结果表明,不同品种葡萄酒中有35种矿物元素含量存在显著差异;经过主成分分析,从58种矿物元素可提取出10个主成分,代表了总指标80.64%的信息;通过Fisher判别分析,回代检验的整体正确判别率为100%,但交叉检验的整体正确判别率仅为38.9%,说明基于矿物元素的差异性不能有效鉴别不同品种的葡萄酒。结合武威和沙城产区样品,经Fisher判别分析,回代检验和交叉检验的整体正确判别率分别为100.0%和98.4%,基本实现了不同产区葡萄酒的判别。研究证明矿物元素技术可用于葡萄酒的原产地判别。     

不同产地芸豆中矿物元素的因子分析与聚类分析

目的：探讨矿物元素指纹分析技术对芸豆产地溯源的可行性。方法：利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同产地芸豆中20 种矿物元素的含量,并对数据进行因子分析和聚类分析。结果：因子分析结果表明,总方差的50%以上的贡献来自前2 个因子,所对应Mg、Al、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、As、Sr、Y、Sb、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd和Ca是芸豆的特征矿物元素。聚类分析结果表明,依安芸豆和拜泉芸豆各属一类。结论：矿物元素指纹图谱技术可用于判别芸豆产地来源。     

基于ICP-MS/MS分析矿物元素的江西茶叶产地溯源

目的 分析江西不同产区茶叶中矿物元素含量的差异,并结合多元统计方法分析矿物元素指纹特征,构建江西茶叶不同产地鉴别的判别模型。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(ICP-MS/MS)对采集于3个江西代表县的150个茶叶样品中的15种矿物元素进行测定,获得其中的元素成分信息,结合主成分分析技术(PCA)和判别分析技术(DA),分析不同产地茶叶的特征元素变量,研究筛选元素特征指纹。结果 江西不同产地的茶叶中的常量元素、微量元素和重金属含量差异较大,可以成为指纹分析技术的有效产地溯源指标。主成分分析以提取特征值>1.0,可以将15个矿物元素提取2个主成分,总方差贡献率达63.00%,基本保留了原变量的大部分信息。以2个主成分为原始变量,建立判别典型函数,利用判别典型函数可以对三个不同产地的150个茶叶进行99.3%正确判别。结论 矿物元素指纹图谱可以用于江西茶叶的产地溯源判别,为今后江西各种知名茶叶品牌的原产地保护提供技术支撑。     

基于矿质元素的我国不同产地葡萄酒的判别分析

通过分析我国不同产区葡萄酒中矿质元素含量的差异性,结合化学计量法,筛选出有效溯源指标,构建葡萄酒原产地判别模型。该研究采集了贺兰山东麓、沙城、清徐、武威、渤海湾和云南高原6个产区赤霞珠单品葡萄酒样本72份,采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了Ag、Al、As等58种矿物元素含量,结合方差分析、主成分分析和Fisher判别分析,构建了葡萄酒的产地溯源模型。结果显示,葡萄酒里58种矿质元素中有35种含量在不同产地存在显著差异。经主成分分析,从58种矿质元素中提取了14个主成分,代表了总指标85.351%的信息;建立了基于Fisher判别分析的判别模型,回代检验和交叉检验的整体正确判别率分别为98.6%和84.7%,基本可实现不同产区葡萄酒的判别。研究证明了矿物元素溯源技术可用于葡萄酒的原产地判别。     

蜂蜜产地与蜜源矿物元素溯源方法的建立

基于矿物元素含量进行蜂蜜产地和蜜源溯源分析,建立产地和蜜源双目标溯源方法。采用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定蜜样矿物元素含量,在单目标溯源方法基础上,引进哑变量回归和校正模型,从而建立了蜂蜜产地、蜜源双目标溯源分析方法,并以四川蜂蜜为例,进行验证分析。结果显示,针对产地进行的逐步判别分析筛选出As、B、Ca等6个元素用于建立判别模型,回代验证的正确判别率达91.7%,交叉检验判别率为83.3%;针对蜜源的逐步判别分析筛选出B、Ca、Cu等5种元素用于建立判别模型,判别率为80%,交叉检验判别率为78.2%。基于矿物元素含量对蜂蜜进行产地与蜜源的溯源是可行的,所建立的方法具有一定借鉴意义;产地、蜜源两组判别方程适宜于研究区的溯源研究。     

基于矿质元素指纹分析的原产地葡萄酒判别研究

有效的葡萄酒产地判别手段是实施葡萄酒地理标志(或原产地)保护工作的保障。为探讨矿质元素指纹分析对于国内原产地葡萄酒产地判别的可行性,本研究利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了贺兰山东麓、沙城、通化及云南红等4个原产地80个葡萄酒样品中的15种矿质元素,并对数据进行方差、主成分及逐步判别分析。结果表明,不同原产地葡萄酒中的矿质元素含量存在显著性差异(P0.05);主成分分析给出了5个主成分,累计方差贡献率达85%以上,前3个主成分的得分图显示不同原产地葡萄酒的区域分布与相关元素含量差异性基本一致;逐步判别分析筛选出了Zr、Li、Sr、Cs及Mg等5个对产地判别起关键作用的指标,以此建立的判别模型,对不同原产地葡萄酒的回代和交叉检验的整体正确判别率分别为98.8%和96.3%。因此说明,矿质元素指纹分析结合化学计量学方法对国内原产地葡萄酒的产地判别是可行有效的。     

基于脂肪酸含量的大豆产地溯源的研究

根据不同地域大豆的脂肪酸组成特征及含量差异,探讨脂肪酸指纹图谱技术对大豆产地溯源的可行性。采用气相色谱法对2016年黑龙江省主产地收获期大豆中10种脂肪酸含量进行检测与分析。结果显示:棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、顺-13-十八烯酸和花生酸5种脂肪酸可作为黑龙江省北安、哈尔滨、建三江和齐齐哈尔4个大豆主产区产地溯源的特征指标,且对大豆产地整体正确判别率为97.7%,对大豆样本的整体交叉检验正确判别率为93.2%,说明脂肪酸指纹图谱技术用于大豆产地溯源是切实可行的,这在今后的大豆生产实践中具有重要意义。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the