点云数据在深度学习中表示方法的研究

为了实现在深度学习中能够端到端表示点云模型,提出基于八叉树和K-D树（OctKD）的点云数据表示方法。该方法将无组织的点云转换为体素空间,在体素空间对三维模型进行八叉树剖分,改进了八叉树编码方式;构建节点间的邻接关系,在GPU端并行构建八叉树;为了克服八叉树编码检索效率低的问题,采用三维K-D树索引单个三维空间点。实验结果表明该方法能够真实反映模型本身的细节特征,提高了点云模型的构造时间和检索效率。这种新的数据结构实现将点云转换为卷积神经网络可以接收的数据形式。     

二进制编码八叉树的海量点云邻域快速搜索算法

海量点云的邻域搜索是点云数据处理的关键技术,是对点云进行进一步处理的基础.针对海量点云数据邻域搜索效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于二进制编码八叉树的快速搜索算法.首先构建八叉树,利用一种二进制编码方式对八叉树的各个节点进行编码,即对空间3个维度分别进行编码;其次对邻域点进行查找过程,根据搜索半径直接确定需要搜索的高度;最后在确定的节点高度下,根据编码的特点直接计算所需要查询的邻域节点.实验结果表明,该算法准确性高、速度快,能够实现海量点云数据的快速邻域搜索.     

基于Z曲线和八叉树的高效Hausdorff距离计算方法

为提高计算点云模型之间Hausdorff距离(HD距离)的效率,提出基于Z曲线和八叉树的Hausdorff距离计算方法.首先利用Z曲线和八叉树实现点云模型预处理;然后在八叉树结构中定义了2类邻居(邻居点和邻居节点),并提出基于八叉树的局部搜索,以某一个叶子节点作为搜索的起点,递归地搜索其邻居直到根节点;最后结合模型预处理和局部搜索,给出了算法的实现细节.针对三维高斯随机数据和点云模型进行大量实验,并与经典方法进行对比,结果验证了文中方法的高效性.     

基于图片序列的三维表面重建

根据非透明物体内部不可见的实际,提出了一种基于图片序列的三维表面重建算法.该算法首先利用传统的八叉树算法重建出物体的三维模型,然后利用一种新颖的表面点提取算法提取出物体表面点,最后利用这些表面点进行三角网格剖分,进而重建出光滑的三维物体表面.在表面点的提取过程中,算法对处于不同状态(处于立方体的顶点、棱、面)的点赋予不...     

基于三维点云数据的线性八叉树编码压缩算法*

八叉树结构是三维数据建模中研究和应用最为广泛的栅格数据结构。由于三维扫描的点云数据是基于物体表面的,其空间离散程度远大于三维实体数据,一般的线性八叉树编码压缩方法都是基于实体数据的,不能直接应用于三维点云数据。提出的改进的线性八叉树地址码（Morton码）的方法可大大提高它的连续性,有效降低八叉树的深度,提高数据的压缩比,改进后的Morton码还可以应用多种编码压缩算法进一步压缩。     

三维激光点云数据的可视化研究

大量的点云数据是通过三维激光扫描得到的,而点云数据的显示快慢受到了数据索引的直接影响,这是一个基础性问题。经过研究,八叉树与叶节点KD树相结合的混合空间索引结构以及LOD构建的层次细节模型是用来解决点云数据管理与可视化效率不高的问题的有效方法。在局部,通过在叶子节点中构建的KD树实现高效的查询和显示;在全局,为了实现快速检索与调度使用了八叉树模型。采用这种混合数据模型进行点云组织,建立空间索引,并对点云数据进行LOD构建,实现了点云数据的高效检索以及可视化。     

基于三维点云数据的线性八叉树编码压缩算法

八叉树结构是三维数据建模中研究和应用最为广泛的栅格数据结构。由于三维扫描的点云数据是基于物体表面的，其空间离散程度远大于三维实体数据，一般的线性八叉树编码压缩方法都是基于实体数据的，不能直接应用于三维点云数据。提出的改进的线性八叉树地址码(Morton码)的方法可大大提高它的连续性，有效降低八叉树的深度，提高数据的压缩比，改进后的Morton码还可以应用多种编码压缩算法进一步压缩。     

基于OBB树的无网格几何数据处理

提出一种新的基于有向包围盒树(Oriented Boundmg Box,OBB树)的处理无网格几何数据方案.与最常用的八叉树比较,它具有三方面优点:首先,OBB树反映了统计意义上的几何模型空间分布,它不仅提供了辅助的层次结构,其本身还可以用于生成原始几何模型的形状逼近;其次,OBB树的节点数目和所需内存比八叉树少,且更贴近几何模型;其三,遍历OBB树的代价略高于八叉树,收敛速度却更快.针对点云模型,作者将OBB树结构应用于点云模型的自适应绘制.实验结果验证了OBB树的上述优点.     

基于八叉树空间分割的k近邻搜索算法

以三维扫描得到的散乱点云为基础,提出了一种基于空间八叉树的快速k近邻搜索算法,通过对点集建立包围盒,利用八叉树记录分割过程,从而使近邻点的搜索只局限于采样点所在的包围盒及其周围的包围盒,并通过剪枝策略使搜索范围进一步缩小。大量真实数据的实验结果表明：该算法可以很好地提高近邻点的搜索速度。     

基于八叉树编码的点云数据精简方法

针对逆向工程中的点云数据预处理,分析了现有数据精简方法的不足,提出了基于八叉树编码的均匀精简方法。应用八叉树编码法划分点云邻域空间为多个指定边长的子立方体,保留每个子立方体中距中心点最近的点,实现从空间整体角度对点云的精简。对涡轮叶片测量数据进行了精简测试,证明了该算法的有效性和实用性。     

大规模孔洞点云的快速重建算法研究 *

针对实际中经常存在的含有孔洞的点云数据 ,在原多层重建算法的基础上提出了一种可以进行点云补洞的快速曲面重建算法。首先对散乱点云数据进行空间自适应八叉剖分 ,然后对点云数据进行由粗到精的多层插值 ,建立隐式曲面方程 ,最后提出了两种加快重建的方法。加速算法可以减少重建时间 ,非常有利于处理大规模点云。实验结果证明 ,本算法对点云孔洞修补效果良好 ,重建速度快 ,效率高。     

Reconstruction of 3D Object Meshes from Silhouette Images

In this work we propose a method for computing mesh representations of 3D objects reconstructed from a set of silhouette images. Our method is based on the polygonization of volumetric reconstructions by using a modified version of the dual contouring method. In order to apply dual contouring on volumetric reconstruction from silhouettes we devised a method that is able to determine the discrete topology of the surface in relation to the octree cells. We also developed a new scheme for computing hermitian data representing the intersections of conic volumes with the octree cells and their corresponding normals with subpixel accuracy. Due to the discrete and extremely noisy nature of the data used in the reconstruction we had to devise a different criterion for mesh simplification that applies topological consistency tests only when the geometric error measure is beyond a given tolerance. We present results of the application of the proposed method in the extraction of a mesh corresponding to the surface of objects of a real scene.     

A volumetric fusion technique for surface reconstruction from silhouettes and range data

Optical triangulation, an active reconstruction technique, is known to be an accurate method but has several shortcomings due to occlusion and laser reflectance properties of the object surface, that often lead to holes and inaccuracies on the recovered surface. Shape from silhouette, on the other hand, as a passive reconstruction technique, yields robust, hole-free reconstruction of the visual hull of the object. In this paper, a hybrid surface reconstruction method that fuses geometrical information acquired from silhouette images and optical triangulation is presented. Our motivation is to recover the geometry from silhouettes on those parts of the surface which the range data fail to capture. A volumetric octree representation is first obtained from the silhouette images and then carved by range points to amend the missing cavity information. An isolevel value on each surface cube of the carved octree structure is accumulated using local surface triangulations obtained separately from range data and silhouettes. The marching cubes algorithm is then applied for triangulation of the volumetric representation. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated on several real objects.     

Global,Dense Multiscale Reconstruction for a Billion Points

We present a variational approach for surface reconstruction from a set of oriented points with scale information. We focus particularly on scenarios with nonuniform point densities due to images taken from different distances. In contrast to previous methods, we integrate the scale information in the objective and globally optimize the signed distance function of the surface on a balanced octree grid. We use a finite element discretization on the dual structure of the octree minimizing the number of variables. The tetrahedral mesh is generated efficiently with a lookup table which allows to map octree cells to the nodes of the finite elements. We optimize memory efficiency by data aggregation, such that robust data terms can be used even on very large scenes. The surface normals are explicitly optimized and used for surface extraction to improve the reconstruction at edges and corners.     

Volumetric stereo and silhouette fusion for image-based modeling

This paper presents a volumetric stereo and silhouette fusion algorithm for acquiring high quality models from multiple calibrated photographs. Our method is based on computing and merging depth maps. Different from previous methods of this category, the silhouette information is also applied in our algorithm to recover the shape information on the textureless and occluded areas. The proposed algorithm starts by computing visual hull using a volumetric method in which a novel projection test method is proposed for visual hull octree construction. Then, the depth map of each image is estimated by an expansion-based approach that returns a 3D point cloud with outliers and redundant information. After generating an oriented point cloud from stereo by rejecting outlier, reducing scale, and estimating surface normal for the depth maps, another oriented point cloud from silhouette is added by carving the visual hull octree structure using the point cloud from stereo to restore the textureless and occluded surfaces. Finally, Poisson Surface Reconstruction approach is applied to convert the oriented point cloud both from stereo and silhouette into a complete and accurate triangulated mesh model. The proposed approach has been implemented and the performance of the approach is demonstrated on several real data sets, along with qualitative comparisons with the state-of-the-art image-based modeling techniques according to the Middlebury benchmark.     

结合插值细分和径向基函数的3维扫描数据孔洞修补

目的 逆向工程中3维扫描数据通常产生孔洞影响逆向造型精度.针对已有算法补洞会导致的边界突变问题,提出基于插值细分和基于径向基函数的孔洞修复算法。方法 首先,对有噪声孔洞边界进行拉普拉斯平滑预处理;其次,通过快速重心插值细分孔洞;然后,结合孔洞周围曲率信息,利用边界和法线约束点进行隐式曲面求解;最后,利用求得的隐式曲面方程,利用梯度下降法调整孔洞插值点,获得平滑修补孔洞结果。结果 对3维经典造型以及实际机械工件等两类不同的数据进行扫描并进行孔洞修补实验。由于算法针对有噪声孔洞结合了孔洞周围曲率信息并通过插值细分进行约束求解,保证了补洞效果的平滑性。实验结果表明,本文算法使得基于径向基函数隐式曲面对有噪声孔洞的适应性更强,其修补结果更加平滑,符合周围曲率变化,改进了已有孔洞修补的边缘突变和修补痕迹明显问题。结论 本文算法针对基于径向基函数的隐式曲面求解对噪声敏感的局限性,进行平滑预处理,结合孔洞周围曲率,提高了孔洞修补效果。由于基于径向基函数的隐式曲面对光顺的流形曲面模拟较好,所以算法对特征孔洞的修补存在一定的不足,快速重心插值法针对不规则孔洞也有一定的局限性。     

Efficient implementation of point set reconstruction by multi-layer peeling algorithm

We present a memory and time efficient surface reconstruction algorithm for large sets of points, without normal information, that may not fit within the main memory. Our algorithm treats the input points as forming layers of surface patches, and then performs reconstruction by working on multiple layers of surface patches concurrently based on an out-of-core octree. Additionally, the memory usage of the algorithm can be pre-estimated through a few simple quantities in relation to the spatial coherence of the input points. Tests on the algorithm with large point sets verify that it produces good outputs too.     

结合间接邻域的散乱点云三角网格曲面重构

对于非均匀散乱点云,多数基于区域生长方法的曲面重构往往容易出现孔洞等缺陷。针对该问题,在K邻域点集的基础上提出间接邻域点集的概念,对以点为生长对象进行区域生长的三角网格曲面重构方法进行了研究,实现三角网格曲面重构。以生长点的邻域点集为样点估算微切平面,将邻域点投影至该平面上,并按照右手定则、逆时针方向进行排序,通过拓扑正确性原则从点列中去除错误的连接点,优化局部网格,选择较好的连接点,实现网格曲面的区域生长。