首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
采用盆栽试验方法,研究尿素涂层后施用于水田土壤其渗出液NO3--N和NH4 -N含量的变化情况。研究结果表明:与未涂层尿素相比,施用尿素涂层可使氮素释放变得平缓,土壤渗出液中NH4 -N和NO3--N浓度明显降低,有利于水稻生长对氮素的吸收利用;在等氮量条件下,施用涂层尿素处理的土壤渗出液中的NH4 -N浓度明显低于未涂层尿素处理,且尿素用量越低这一差异越明显,而土壤渗出液中的NO3--N浓度施入土壤后前10天涂层尿素低于未涂层尿素处理,而至第18天则表现出高于未涂层尿素处理的趋势;涂层处理土壤渗出液NO3--N和NH4 -N之和大都小于未涂层处理。  相似文献   

2.
棕壤长期定位试验结果表明,覆膜使表层土壤中NH4 -N含量明显增加,并使各个层次NO3--N含量都有所增加,有效地减少了NO3--N的淋失。研究同时表明施用有机肥和化肥都能提高土壤全氮、碱解氮、NH4 -N、NO3--N含量,而施用单一的氮肥则对土壤碱解氮几乎没有影响。因此,有机肥与无机肥配合施用是培肥覆膜土壤氮素肥力的有效措施。  相似文献   

3.
以番茄为供试作物,采用田间微区试验的方法研究了不同灌溉方法和不同氮肥种类对氮素在土壤不同层次间的残留以及在番茄植株不同部位之间的分配.结果表明,在番茄整个生育期内,土壤中无机氮主要以NO3-N的形式存在,NH4 -N所占比例很小.0~100cm土层中,滴灌和沟灌各处理土壤中NH4 -N的含量在整个生育期内含量均比较低(低于6mg kg-1),且变化幅度不大,各土层NH4 -N的含量受灌溉方式和施肥的影响较小.无论是滴灌还是沟灌,番茄全生育期内0~20cm土层土壤NO3--N含量始终较高.沟灌易引起土壤中NO3--N向下层迁移,而滴灌对40~60cm土层及其以下各层次土壤的NO3--N分布影响作用不明显.硝态氮肥较铵态氮肥和酰胺态氮肥更易随水向深层土壤迁移.灌溉方式对肥料15N在果实、茎、叶中的分配比例没有明显影响,肥料15N在番茄地上部分各器官所含的量以果实为最高,其次为叶,茎中的含量最少;两种灌溉方法间肥料15N在果实、茎、叶的分配比例差异不大,平均为2.9:1:1.6.  相似文献   

4.
研究了饱和状态下,铵态氮(NH4 -N)和速效磷(AP)在太湖地区两种主要水稻土-宜兴白土和常熟王庄黄泥土的原状土和扰动土中的迁移转化情况。结果表明,土壤的饱和导水率、粘粒含量对于铵态氮和速效磷的出流影响很大。在原状土土柱的出流中,白土滤液中NH4 -N、硝态氮(NO3--N)和速效磷浓度峰值出现的时间比黄泥土早,峰面比黄泥土窄,拖尾的时间比黄泥土短。速效磷在土壤中迁移及淋移都比NH4 -N弱,且黄泥土对磷的固定作用强于白土。在本试验NH4 -N的加入情况下,原状土土柱出流的NH4 -N如果进入地下水会造成地下水污染;NO3--N在黄泥土中的积累作用比白土强,出流的NO3--N含量较高;出流的NO2--N含量很低,不会造成地下水的NO2--N污染。土壤中的NH4 -N和速效磷可以通过大孔隙向下运移,并且随着深度的变化呈现降低的趋势。NO3--N在白土中的分布比较平缓。在扰动土的试验中,粘粒含量越低,饱和导水率越高,NO3--N的穿透曲线的峰值越高,峰面越窄。黄泥土的粘粒含量远高于白土,滞留作用较强,对NO3--N的穿透影响较大。本文结果可以为太湖地区地下水环境污染防治、农田水肥管理和防止水体富营养化提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
本试验研究了硫脲(TU,0.1%,0.3%,0.5%,1.0%,5.0%)不同浓度对土壤脲酶活性、土壤尿素氮转化的影响。室内培养表明,硫脲既是一种弱脲酶抑制剂又是一种硝化抑制剂。硫脲对脲酶活性和尿素水解均有显著的抑制作用,但是作用时间较短;硫脲用量为0.1%时,就起到了抑制作用,用量0.3%~1.0%之间差异不显著,用量1.0%~5.0%之间抑制效果随用量增加而加强。硫脲不仅延缓了土壤NH4 -N的释放高峰期一周,而且降低了土壤中NO3--N的富集,使NO3--N的释放高峰期向后推迟了10天。本试验条件下,土壤中的NH4 -N向NO3--N转化的时间大约为7~10天;土壤中有效氮的释放曲线主要取决于土壤NH4 -N的浓度,受NO3--N的影响次之。  相似文献   

6.
通过室内培养方式,研究不同浓度葡萄糖与无机氮肥(NH4)2SO4配施对土壤微生物将无机态氮转化为氨基酸态氮过程的影响.结果表明:和单施(NH4)2SO4培养相比,葡萄糖与(NH4)2SO4配合施用显著提高了土壤微生物将无机态氮向氨基酸态氮转化的程度,高浓度葡萄糖的添加更有利于无机态氮的同化.同样培养条件下NH4 -N、NO3--N和微生物量氮的数据表明,添加碳源明显降低了土壤中NH4 -N和NO3--N的含量,而微生物量氮量明显提高.表明活性碳源的加入明显提高土壤微生物活性,起到调控土壤微生物将无机态N转化为氨基酸态氮速率和容量的作用.  相似文献   

7.
采用室内模拟试验的方法,探讨了脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)和硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)的不同浓度组合对尿素氮转化的影响.结果表明,NBPT与DMPP不同浓度组合均不同程度的延缓了尿素的水解,使尿素N水解产物更加以NH4 -N形态保持在土壤中;延缓了硝化作用进程并减少了硝酸盐在土壤累积,在此基础上增加了土壤有效态N含量.综合不同浓度组合对尿素水解的抑制、土壤NH4 -N和NO3--N含量变化、硝化作用抑制效果、土壤有效态N水平等指标并结合成本考虑,NBPT和DMPP分别为0.1%和0.5%施氮量时为最适宜的组合.  相似文献   

8.
在塑料大棚草甸土上设置小区试验.结果表明渗灌区土壤硝酸盐含量大于滴灌、沟灌区;在同一土壤层次,随着土壤水分增加,土壤NO3--N含量表现出呈指数函数减少趋势.沟灌处理番茄植株营养器官中硝酸盐积累,不能被充分利用.渗灌、滴灌能节水和提高肥料利用率.  相似文献   

9.
对2种不同磷效率基因型小麦幼苗水培结果表明,NO3-N和NH4NO3-N对小麦植株地上部生长的影响无明显差异,但是对根系生长的影响明显不同。NH4-N对小麦幼苗的生长有明显的抑制作用,且对根系生长的抑制程度显著大于对地上部;对磷低效基因型Jing411的抑制程度明显大于对磷高效基因型Xiaoyan54。NH4NO3-N处理有利于提高植株地上部氮含量和植株的氮吸收效率。Xiaoyan54的植株吸氮量在NH4NO3-N处理中最高,Jing411在NO3-N处理中最高。不同处理对营养液pH值的影响明显不同。NH4NO3-N和NH4-N处理导致营养液pH值降低,NO3-N处理使营养液pH值升高,不同磷效率基因型小麦使营养液pH值降低或升高的程度不同。小麦磷效率基因型差异的表现与否和氮素形态有关,以植株地上部干重为磷效率指标的基因型差异在供应NO3-N时不表现。磷高效基因型Xiaoyan54的生长显著优于磷低效基因型Jing411。  相似文献   

10.
采用微区试验方法,初步探讨了新型脲酶抑制剂LNS及其与硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)配合施用对菜田土壤尿素氮转化和蔬菜生长的影响。结果表明,LNS对土壤脲酶活性可以起到一定的抑制作用,从而延迟尿素N在土壤中的水解和NH4 -N的释放高峰期,其发挥作用的时间大约在施用后前10天。LNS与DCD配合施用则能显著抑制尿素水解后NH4 的氧化作用,使蔬菜整个生长期内的NO3--N含量维持在较低水平。抑制剂的施用对芹菜产量虽然没有产生显著影响,但可以降低其体内硝酸盐含量,并提高芹菜干物质含量。  相似文献   

11.
本文采用振荡平衡法研究了紫泥田、河沙泥、灰泥田及红黄泥4种稻田土壤对铵的矿物固定的动力学及热力学特性。结果表明,供试土壤对添加铵的矿物固定速度很快,随着固铵量增多,固铵速度下降,反应后24小时固定基本上达到平衡,不因土壤种类而异。数学拟合结果表明,以一级动力学方程和E lovich方程描述供试土壤对铵的矿物固定资料最优,抛物扩散方程也能较满意地描述实验结果,以零级方程的拟合效果最差。供试土壤对铵的矿物固定的热力学资料均能用一元Langmu ir吸附等温式、Freund lich吸附等温式和Temk in吸附等温式拟合,拟合结果均达极显著水平,但以一元Langmu ir吸附等温式的拟合结果最优,由一元Langmu ir吸附等温式可以求得土壤对铵的矿物固定的热力学平衡常数、最大固铵量以及固铵过程中的自由能变△G°。供试土壤固铵过程的自由能变△G°均为负值,说明供试土壤对铵的矿物固定为一自发过程,4种土壤固铵强度依次为紫泥田>河沙泥>灰泥田>红黄泥。  相似文献   

12.
基于电容耦合设计了一种集激励信号发生器、检测池和检测电路于一体的新型毛细管电泳非接触电导检测器,介绍了检测器原理、检测池结构以及电路组成。用常见阴离子混合物(C l-,NO2-,NO3-,SO42-和H2PO4-)对该检测器的性能进行了测试。结果表明:基于3倍基线噪音,检出限除H2PO4-为250μg/L外,其他离子均为10μg/L。峰高的相对标准偏差均小于5%(n=10)。该检测器操作方便、结构简单,具有较高的灵敏度,其分析性能优于多参数传感器。  相似文献   

13.
利用D饱和最优设计研究了氮磷肥对黑土浅层土壤氮素累积和移动的影响,结果表明,氮磷肥对NO-3 -N含量的影响随着土层的加深逐渐减弱,并且施用尿素的NO-3 -N累积大于施用硝铵。在降雨高峰期存在NH 4 -N向下层土壤的移动,其移动时间滞后于NO-3 -N。尿素施入土壤后对NH 4 -N的累积无明显影响,对NO-3 -N的累积有促进作用。而不同用量的NH 4 -N肥的施入则促进了NH 4 -N的移动和累积。因此黑土玉米农田生态系统氮素做追肥时尿素和硝铵相比尿素更易造成地下水的硝酸盐污染。黑土玉米农田生态系统在作物拔节前期向土壤中施入氮素,将造成这一时期NO-3 -N对地下水的短期污染。  相似文献   

14.
We consider the problem of approximately integrating a Lipschitz function f (with a known Lipschitz constant) over an interval. The goal is to achieve an additive error of at most ε using as few samples of f as possible. We use the adaptive framework: on all problem instances an adaptive algorithm should perform almost as well as the best possible algorithm tuned for the particular problem instance. We distinguish between and , the performances of the best possible deterministic and randomized algorithms, respectively. We give a deterministic algorithm that uses samples and show that an asymptotically better algorithm is impossible. However, any deterministic algorithm requires samples on some problem instance. By combining a deterministic adaptive algorithm and Monte Carlo sampling with variance reduction, we give an algorithm that uses at most samples. We also show that any algorithm requires samples in expectation on some problem instance (f,ε), which proves that our algorithm is optimal.  相似文献   

15.
本文对由吉林省向海沼泽湿地采集的土壤样品进行了四种形态 (铵态氮、硝态氮、碱解氮和全氮 )氮素分析 ,结果表明 ,该区四种形态的氮素含量都相对较低 ,除硝态氮含量最高值出现在腐殖质层外 ,其它形态氮素含量均以草根层最高 ;各形态氮素随土壤深度的总体变化趋势是由上到下逐渐减少 ,且在腐殖质层附近均出现一累积峰 ,消长趋势基本一致 ;氮素对湿地生态系统的生产效应显著。  相似文献   

16.
This paper presents a semantics for the logic of proofs in which all the operations on proofs are realized by feasibly computable functions. More precisely, we will show that the completeness of for the semantics of proofs of Peano Arithmetic extends to the semantics of proofs in Buss’ bounded arithmetic . In view of applications in epistemology of in particular and justification logics in general this result shows that explicit knowledge in the propositional framework can be made computationally feasible. This research supported by CUNY Community College Collaborative Incentive Research Grant 91639-0001 “Mathematical Foundations of Knowledge Representation”.  相似文献   

17.
?ukasiewicz presented two different analyses of modal notions by means of many-valued logics: (1) the linearly ordered systems ?3,..., Open image in new window ,..., \(\hbox {L}_{\omega }\); (2) the 4-valued logic ? he defined in the last years of his career. Unfortunately, all these systems contain “?ukasiewicz type (modal) paradoxes”. On the other hand, Brady’s 4-valued logic BN4 is the basic 4-valued bilattice logic. The aim of this paper is to show that BN4 can be strengthened with modal operators following ?ukasiewicz’s strategy for defining truth-functional modal logics. The systems we define lack “?ukasiewicz type paradoxes”. Following Brady, we endow them with Belnap–Dunn type bivalent semantics.  相似文献   

18.
We use Schnyder woods of 3-connected planar graphs to produce convex straight-line drawings on a grid of size The parameter depends on the Schnyder wood used for the drawing. This parameter is in the range The algorithm is a refinement of the face-counting algorithm; thus, in particular, the size of the grid is at most The above bound on the grid size simultaneously matches or improves all previously known bounds for convex drawings, in particular Schnyder's and the recent Zhang and He bound for triangulations and the Chrobak and Kant bound for 3-connected planar graphs. The algorithm takes linear time. The drawing algorithm has been implemented and tested. The expected grid size for the drawing of a random triangulation is close to For a random 3-connected plane graph, tests show that the expected size of the drawing is   相似文献   

19.
System Open image in new window is a linear λ-calculus with numbers and an iterator, which, although imposing linearity restrictions on terms, has all the computational power of Gödel’s System  Open image in new window . System Open image in new window owes its power to two features: the use of a closed reduction strategy (which permits the construction of an iterator on an open function, but only iterates the function after it becomes closed), and the use of a liberal typing rule for iterators based on iterative types. In this paper, we study these new types, and show how they relate to intersection types. We also give a sound and complete type reconstruction algorithm for System  Open image in new window .  相似文献   

20.
This work revisits an idea that dates back to the early days of scientific computing, the energy method for stability analysis. It is shown that if the scalar non-linear conservation law
is approximated by the semi-discrete conservative scheme
then the energy of the discrete solution evolves at exactly the same rate as the energy of the true solution, provided that the numerical flux is evaluated by the formula
where
With careful treatment of the boundary conditions, this provides a path to the construction of non-dissipative stable discretizations of the governing equations. If shock waves appear in the solution, the discretization must be augmented by appropriate shock operators to account for the dissipation of energy by the shock waves. These results are extended to systems of conservation laws, including the equations of incompressible flow, and gas dynamics. In the case of viscous flow, it is also shown that shock waves can be fully resolved by non-dissipative discretizations of this type with a fine enough mesh, such that the cell Reynolds number ≤2.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号