金属Ag对NiFe2O4尖晶石性能的影响

制备了不同金属Ag含量的Ag-NiFe2O4金属陶瓷,利用扫描电子显微镜观察显微组织,由X射线衍射分析化学成分,研究了Ag的添加量对其体积密度、气孔率、热震性、导电率以及腐蚀速率的影响,试验结果表明,抗热震性和导电能力随着Ag含量的增加而增强,导电率的提高和腐蚀率的增大仍是一对突出的矛盾.单一通过添加金属Ag不可能使导电率和腐蚀率都满足要求.     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Indium doped spinel LiMn2O4

In this paper, spinel LiMn_2–x In _x O₄ powder were prepared by rheological phase reaction method with the CH₃COOLi·2H₂O, (CH₃CO₂)₂Mn·4H₂O, and In₂O₃. The structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction and the electrochemical cycling performance were also observed. The results showed that the spinel LiMn_2–x In _x O₄ were pure phase with very excellent performance. As a cathode material for lithium secondary batteries, LiMn_1.98In₂O₄ had a high initial discharge-capacity with 132.42 mAh/g and a good cyclic reversibility with 98.9%. Even after 60 cycles, the discharge capacity still kept 126.29 mAh/g.     

添加TiO2对镍铁尖晶石惰性阳极材料性能的影响

为了提高惰性阳极材料的性能,本文尝试在合成镍铁尖晶石过程中掺杂一定量TiO2.采用高温固相反应法在1200℃下烧结6h,制备掺杂TiO2的镍铁尖晶石惰性阳极材料.研究了掺杂TiO2对试样密度、电导率和腐蚀率的影响.研究结果表明,掺杂TiO2后NiFe2O4的晶格产生畸变,从而TiO2促进烧结,提高材料的密度.并且由于Ti4 离子取代Fe3 离子,产生导电电子,改善了NiFe2O4惰性阳极材料的导电性.添加0.5%TiO2可降低材料的腐蚀率,但随着添加量的增加腐蚀率也增加,说明TiO2对材料的抗腐蚀性不利.经研究发现腐蚀率降低的原因是腐蚀过程中NiFe2O4分解产生的Fe2O3与电解质中Al2O3反应生成了FeAl2O4.综合考虑TiO2对材料各性能的影响,最终确定掺杂量为0.5%.     

MnO2对镍铁尖晶石惰性阳极材料性能的影响

尝试在合成镍铁尖晶石过程中添加一定量MnO2 以提高试样的性能。采用高温固相反应法制备掺杂MnO2 的镍铁尖晶石惰性阳极材料,研究了掺杂MnO2 对制品密度,收缩率和抗腐蚀性的影响。研究结果表明MnO2 能够促进烧结,提高制品的密度,并能够改善制品的抗腐蚀能力,添加 1% MnO2 后试样的腐蚀率为纯尖晶石试样的1/7。试样经 X射线衍射分析发现,添加 MnO2 后无新相出现,MnO2 与 NiFe2O4形成固熔体,Mn4 离子取代了部分 Fe3 离子,材料仍是镍铁尖晶石结构。     

尖晶石型CoFe2O4/TiO2磁性光催化剂的制备及其性能

首先采用化学共沉淀法制备尖晶石型CoFe2O4,然后采用溶胶-凝胶法与钛酸丁四酯复合制备不同CoFe2O4载量(质量分数,下同)的CoFe2O4/TiO2磁性光催化剂。再利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)分别对物相、形貌、磁学性能等进行了分析和表征。最后在300 W紫外灯(主波长为253.7nm)照射下降解一定浓度的甲基橙溶液,研究不同CoFe2O4载量的CoFe2O4/TiO2磁性光催化剂在相变温度下对甲基橙溶液降解效果。结果表明,合成的CoFe2O4结晶度高,粒径为10～20nm,具尖晶石结构。CoFe2O4能较为均匀地负载于TiO2表面,CoFe2O4/TiO2磁性光催化剂具有超顺磁性。CoFe2O4/TiO2磁性光催化剂对甲基橙降解性能随CoFe2O4载量增加而降低。     

Preparation and electrical properties of nanostructured spinel ZnCr2O4 by combustion route

Semiconductive nanometer-sized ZnCr₂O₄ material synthesized by a solution combustion method using inorganic reagents as Zn(NO₃)₃·6H₂O, Cr(NO₃)₃·6H₂O, and glycine as a fuel. This process is a convenient, environment friendly, inexpensive and efficient for the preparation of ZnCr₂O₄ nanomaterial. The synthesized material is characterized by thermo gravimetric differential analysis, X-ray diffraction studied, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis studies and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The increase in conductivity with increasing temperature could be attributed to negative temperature coefficient of resistance and semiconducting nature of ZnCr₂O₄.     

Electrical properties of Fe-Fe3O4-SiO2 gel nanocomposites

Nanocomposites containing Fe3O4 and alpha-Fe, respectively, in a SiO2 gel were prepared by subjecting a suitably chosen gel with iron ions to a reduction treatment at 923 K, followed by wet oxidation at the same temperature for 1 hour. The particle sizes of the two phases were estimated to have values in the range of 18 to 25 nm. The dc conductivity of the composites was found to arise due to a variable range hopping mechanism with a density of states calculated as approximately 10(18) eV(-1) cc(-1). The nanoparticles of alpha-Fe are believed to contribute to the latter. The ac conductivity variation as a function of frequency and temperature could be explained because of an overlapping small polaron tunneling mechanism in the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The density of states estimated in the latter case was approximately 10(18) eV(-1) cc(-1). From the dielectric modulus spectra of the nanocomposites, a Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) exponent of approximately 0.30 was extracted. This indicated the presence of a wide distribution of relaxation times in the system.     

Mechanochemical synthesis of stoichiometric MgFe2O4 spinel

The influence of long-term milling of a mixture of (1) MgO and α-Fe₂O₃, (2) MgCO₃, and α-Fe₂O₃, and (3) Mg(OH)₂ and α-Fe₂O₃ powders in a planetary ball mill on the reaction synthesis of nanosized MgFe₂O₄ ferrites was studied. Mechanochemical reaction leading to formation of the MgFe₂O₄ spinel phase was followed by electron microscopy, (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The spinel phase was observed first in cases (1) and (2) after 5 h of milling, and its formation was observed in all cases after 10 h. The synthesized MgFe₂O₄ ferrite has a nanocrystalline structure with a crystallite size of about 11, 10, and 12 nm, respectively for cases (1)–(3). Magnetic measurements after 10 h of milling show magnetization values of 19.8 J/(Tkg), 23.5 J/(Tkg) and 13.8 J/(Tkg), respectively for the cases (1)–(3).     

Morphology and structure of ZnCr2O4 spinel crystallites

Computer simulation techniques have been used to predict the crystal morphology of the spinel ZnCr₂O₄. In agreement with experiment, crystallites are predicted to be essentially octahedral with the {111} surface dominating the structure. However, surfaces for materials with the spinel structure are highly complex and stabilized only by the formation of surface defects. This leads to a large number of different possible surface structures.     

球形尖晶石LiMn2O4的制备及性能

通过氧化还原法在室温下制备出球形MnO2前驱体,以LiOH·H2O为锂源,按照一定锂锰摩尔比混合,在750℃下焙烧8h,得到球形尖晶石LiMn2O4.采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对MnO2和LiMn2O4进行了表征,并对LiMn2O4样品做了充放电性能及循环性能测试.结果表明:合成的样品以球形颗粒存在,粒度大小均匀,分散性和流动性好;首次充放电比容量分别为130.5和128.2 mAh·g-1,充放电效率为98.2%,50次循环后容量保持率为90%,球形LiMn2O4具有较高的比容量和优良的循环性能.     

Effect of cooling rate on the electrochemical properties of solid-state synthesized spinel LiMn2O4

LiMn₂O₄ samples were prepared by solid-state reaction with different cooling rates (0.5, 1, 3, 5 °C min^− 1, and quenching) from Li₂CO₃ and electrolytic MnO₂. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared samples are identified as the spinel structure with a space group of Fd3¯m. The lattice parameters increase gradually as the cooling rates rise. The quickly cooled samples show better capacity properties at high current densities and a capacity fade when cycling at lower current density. Varieties of electrochemical methods were introduced to investigate the electrochemical properties of spinel LiMn₂O₄.     

尖晶石锰酸锂的组成对其结构和性能的影响

以电解二氧化锰和碳酸锂为原料用高温固相法合成了尖晶石锰酸锂,在锂与锰的原子比从0.95:2到1.1:2范围内,其结构为单一尖晶石相,晶格常数和比容量随着锂锰比的增加呈现出先增大后降低的变化规律.在锂锰比为1.0:2和1.02:2附近,晶格常数和比容量分别达到最大.这种变化规律与锂离子在晶格中的位置有关.在锂锰比从1.0:2到1.1:2的范围内,随着锂锰比的增加,尖晶石锰酸锂嵌脱锂反应过程的动力学极化逐渐降低,大电流性能逐渐提高.以尖晶石锰酸锂为正极,MCMB为负极组装了423048型电池,锂锰比从1.0:2到1.1:2,电池循环稳定性随锰酸锂的锂锰比的增大而提高.     

Low temperature route to nanocrystalline LiMn2O4 spinel

Nanocrystalline LiMn₂O₄ spinel was successfully prepared at the temperature as low as 200 °C via solution combustion method, employing lithium acetate and manganese acetate as Li–Mn source, citric acid as chelating and combusting agent. The XRD patterns show it is a reaction-controlled process. And the morphology was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. A possible mechanism for the formation of LiMn₂O₄ has also been discussed.     

尖晶石结构Ni掺杂ZnFe2O4纳米颗粒的性能表征

利用水热法成功合成了纯ZnFe2O4和不同含量Ni掺杂Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米颗粒。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、X射线能量色散分析(XEDS)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试技术研究掺杂浓度对Zn1-xNixFe2O4(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5)样品的晶体结构、形貌、光学性能和磁学性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米颗粒结晶良好,Ni2+以替代Zn2+的形式掺杂到ZnFe2O4晶格中,生成立方尖晶石结构ZnFe2O4。随着Ni含量的增加,晶粒尺寸增大,晶格常数发生收缩。样品的形貌呈不规则的椭球形,且颗粒大小比较均匀。红外光谱的吸收峰位置并没有随Ni掺杂浓度的增加而变化。Zn1-xNixFe2O4纳米晶的光学带隙随Ni掺杂浓度增加而增大,与相应块体相比发生蓝移。在室温下,纯ZnFe2O4纳米晶呈现超顺磁性,掺杂样品具有明显的铁磁性。