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1.
The possibility of using an electronic nose or gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to quantify ergosterol and colony forming units (CFU) of naturally contaminated barley samples was investigated. Each sample was split into three parts for (i) ergosterol and CFU analysis, (ii) measurements with the electronic nose and (iii) identification of volatiles collected on an adsorbent with a GC-MS system. Forty samples were selected after sensory analysis to obtain 10 samples with normal odour and 30 with some degree of off-odour. The data set of volatile compounds and the data collected from the electronic nose were evaluated by multivariate analyse techniques. SIMCA classification (soft independent modelling of class analogy) was used for objective evaluation of the usefulness of the data from the GC-MS or electronic nose measurements for classification of grain samples as normal or with off-odour. The main volatile compounds of grain with normal odour were 2-hexenal, benzaldehyde and nonanal, while 3-octanone, methylheptanone and trimethylbenzene were the main volatile compounds of grain with off-odours. Using data from the electronic nose three samples of 40 were misclassified, while data analysis of the volatile compounds detected with the GC-MS, led to six misclassified samples. Regression models (partial least-squares, PLS) were built to predict ergosterol- and CFU-levels with data from the GC-MS or electronic nose measurements. PLS models based on both GC-MS and electronic nose data could be used to predict the ergosterol levels with high accuracy and with low root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). CFU values from naturally infected grain could not be predicted with the same degree of confidence.  相似文献   

2.
Headspace volatiles of sesame oil (SO) from sesame seeds roasted at 9 different conditions were analyzed by a combination of solid phase microextraction (SPME)-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), electronic nose/metal oxide sensors (MOS), and electronic nose/MS. As roasting temperature increased from 213 to 247 °C, total headspace volatiles and pyrazines increased significantly (P < 0.05). Pyrazines were major volatiles in SO and furans, thiazoles, aldehydes, and alcohols were also detected. Roasting temperature was more discrimination factor than roasting time for the volatiles in SO through the principal component analysis (PCA) of SPME-GC/MS, electronic nose/MOS, and electronic nose/MS. Electronic nose/MS showed that ion fragment 52, 76, 53, and 51 amu played important roles in discriminating volatiles in SO from roasted sesame seeds, which are the major ion fragments from pyrazines, furans, and furfurals. SO roasted at 213, 230, and 247 °C were clearly differentiated from each other on the base of volatile distribution by SPME-GC/MS, electronic nose/MOS, and electronic nose/MS analyses. Practical Application: The results of this study are ready to apply for the discriminating samples using a combinational analysis of volatiles. Not only vegetable oils prepared from roasting process but also any food sample possessing volatiles could be targets for the SPME-GC/MS and electronic nose assays. Contents and types of pyrazines in sesame seed oil could be used as markers to track down the degree of roasting and oxidation during oil preparation.  相似文献   

3.
王綪  李璐  王佳奕  张娟  王远一飞  丁武 《食品科学》2017,38(20):222-228
以宁夏小尾寒羊为研究对象,将熟化的鸭肉按照不同比例掺入到羊肉中制作成掺假肉样,利用电子鼻和气相色谱-质谱法对肉样进行快速检测。通过电子鼻对肉样挥发性成分的响应,利用Fisher线性判别分析,线性回归拟合分析等进行定性定量判别和模型的建立。同时利用固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪对样品进行检测。结果表明,Fisher线性判别分析能区分不同样品,线性回归拟合分析相关系数高达0.965,利用Fisher线性判别分析预测掺假正确率为98.2%。气相色谱-质谱法共检测到26种挥发性化合物,3-环庚烯-1-酮、3-甲基丁醛等被认为在区分不同样品中起重要作用。利用电子鼻和气相色谱-质谱法数据建立偏最小二乘模型回归方程的决定系数均高于0.950。得到传感器S1、S3、S5、S6、S8和S9的响应值与气相色谱-质谱结果具有较高的相关性。  相似文献   

4.
以传统腊肉为研究对象,从感官评价、色泽分析、挥发性风味物质组成和电子鼻分析角度研究添加不同种类发色剂对产品色泽和风味品质的影响。结果表明,发色剂对传统腊肉的色泽及风味品质影响很大。添加苹果多酚的腊肉样品感官评价及色泽整体优于其他样品组;经气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,苹果多酚组腊肉样品挥发性风味物质相对含量较高,为89.81%,种类相对较多,腊肉样品风味较好,其中具有特征风味的酯类、酮类化合物的相对含量较高;运用电子鼻技术分析发现,主成分分析法比线性判别分析法更能有效区分添加不同发色剂条件下腊肉样品。  相似文献   

5.
为应用电子鼻技术快速、客观地评价猪肉丸子风味,实验设计了4?种肥肉、瘦肉配比(100%瘦、90%瘦、80%瘦和70%瘦)的猪肉丸子,使用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用对猪肉丸子的各种挥发性物质进行检测。同时对其进行香味指标感官评定。采用线性判别和神经网络方法对不同猪肉丸子的电子鼻数据进行识别分类;并利用偏最小二乘回归方法对电子鼻传感器和挥发性物质的相关性进行分析。结果表明,4?类丸子在香味评价上差异极显著(P<0.01),肥肉比例高的丸子获得了较高的评分。线性判别分析和神经网络方法的分类效果显示,电子鼻对4?类猪肉丸子具有良好的分类能力。GC-MS共检测出了67?种风味化合物,其中主要是醛类、醇类、酮类等物质,挥发性风味物质的差异是造成各类丸子感官评分差异的根本原因。偏最小二乘回归模型显示电子鼻传感器数据与主要挥发性化合物相对含量具有良好的相关性。使用逐步回归建立电子鼻与评价指标数据之间的分值预测回归模型(R2>0.9,P<0.01),表明丸子香味可以使用电子鼻进行预测。  相似文献   

6.
J.P. Wold    M. Mielnik    M.K. Pettersen    K. Aaby    P. Baardseth 《Journal of food science》2002,67(6):2397-2404
ABSTRACT: Front face autofluorescence from meat products was measured to elucidate the method's ability to measure and predict lipid oxidation. Three sample sets were studied: turkey meat with added aldehydes, raw and heat-treated turkey meat, and meat loaf at different process steps. Multivariate regression was used to correlate against sensory assessed rancidity, volatile compounds (GC-MS), and TBARS. Results verified that the increase in fluorescence during storage originates from aldehydes reacting with the meat matrix. Fluorescence modeled sensory assessed rancidity at the same accuracy as volatile compounds (R = 0.9), but was superior to TBARS. Front face fluorescence seems to be a powerful tool for nondestructive analysis of oxidation progress in meat products.  相似文献   

7.
以5种不同水解度的鸡骨架水解液为基料,通过美拉德反应制备鸡肉香精。利用感官评价以及电子鼻技术对不同水解度鸡肉香精的风味属性进行评价,并用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)技术分析检测其风味物质。采用主成分分析(PCA)区分不同水解度鸡肉香精,通过偏最小二乘法(PLSR)将感官属性与GC-MS检测得到的风味物质进行相关性分析。感官评定结果表明5种不同水解度鸡肉香精的鸡肉味、脂肪香、大蒜味、辛辣味、酱香味、协调性,整体风味具有显著差异;电子鼻结合PCA分析不同水解度鸡肉香精达到99%的区分度,可以很好的区分辨别不同水解度鸡肉香精;GC-MS分析检测不同水解度鸡肉香精得到82种风味物质,主要包括醛类(17),酮类(7),含氮含硫化合物(12),烯类(15),醇类(19),酯类(2)以及酸类(10)。PLSR分析得到36种风味物质与感官属性相关性较好。实验说明电子鼻,GC-MS结合多元统计分析方法是一项有效的识别不同水解度鸡肉香精的工具。  相似文献   

8.
Electronic nose technology has previously been applied to the assessment of the quality of red meats, pork and fish, but not poultry products. In the present study the ability of the electronic nose to assess the microbiological quality of raw poultry meat as a function of storage time and temperature was investigated. Four types of chicken pieces (boneless breast with and without skin, wings and thighs) were stored for up to 2 days at 13 °C (the maximum allowable temperature in poultry processing environments) or for up to 5 days at 4 °C (refrigeration temperature for raw poultry products prior to shipping or further processing). Saline rinses of meat samples were serially diluted in tryptic soy broth to 10?10. The rinses and their associated serial dilutions were analysed on an electronic nose with 12 metal oxide sensors in order to determine the specificity and sensitivity respectively of the assay. Principal component analysis (PCA) maps of the data confirmed that the electronic nose could differentiate volatile compounds associated with individual types of meat samples properly stored at 4 °C from those maintained at processing temperature, 13 °C, for a comparable time, even as early as day 1 of storage. Differences in headspace gases from any type of meat sample stored at one temperature could also be determined with increased storage time. However, data from samples stored at 4 °C clustered more tightly in PCA maps than those associated with samples maintained at 13 °C, indicating a greater diversity in volatile compounds at the higher temperature. We have shown herein that the electronic nose can detect changes in the volatile compounds associated with chicken meat based on product storage time and temperature; the technology can assess length of sample storage as well as deviation from refrigeration temperature. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)、气相色谱-嗅闻(gas chromatography-olfactometry,GC-O)及电子鼻方法,探究原果、烘焙、干燥及蒸、煮共5种不同预处理方式对新疆大果沙枣挥发性风味的影响。结果表明:通过GC-MS从5组不同处理后的沙枣中检测出69种化合物,通过GC-O分析结合香气活力值进一步分析,确定沙枣的特征香气成分有14种挥发性物质,发现(E,E)-2,4-癸二烯醛、壬醛、(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛、β-紫罗兰酮等是对沙枣具有关键香气贡献最大的物质。经过不同预处理后,样品的多个感官属性的香气强度存在显著差异,电子鼻可以有效区分各样品组之间的香气强度,通过偏最小二乘回归法进一步验证、解释不同处理下的沙枣中的特征香气强度与感官属性之间的相关性。综合分析可知,烘焙处理后的沙枣感官品质相对较好。  相似文献   

10.
Sensory analysis of meatballs was carried out to monitor the warmed-over flavour (WOF) development in cooked, cold-stored (at 4 °C for 0, 2 and 4 days) and reheated meatballs derived from M. longissimus dorsi (LD) and M. semimembranosus (SM) of pigs fed a standard diet supplemented with either 3% of rapeseed oil or 3% of palm oil. This was performed in combination with measurement of volatile compounds using a solid-state-based gas sensor array system (electronic nose) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry together with measurement of thiobarbitoric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Subsequently, to elucidate the relations and predictability between the obtained data, the gas sensor responses were correlated with chemical (volatile and non-volatile secondary lipid oxidation products) and sensory data (flavour and odour attributes), using partial least squares regression modelling (PLSR). The TBARS, hexanal, pentanal, pentanol and nonanal all correlated to the sensory attributes associated to WOF formation. Moreover, the responses from eight of the MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) sensors within the electronic nose proved to be significantly related to WOF characteristics detected by both sensory and chemical analysis, while six of the MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) sensors were related to freshly cooked meat attributes determined by sensory analysis. The obtained results show the potential of the present gas sensor technology to monitor WOF formation in pork.  相似文献   

11.
李迎楠  刘文营  成晓瑜 《食品科学》2016,37(14):104-109
以肉味香精为研究对象,从感官品质、挥发性风味物质组成和电子鼻分析角度研究不同反应温度对其风味品质的影响。结果表明,不同温度条件下肉味香精在感官评价、挥发性风味物质等方面都有较大的差异性。105 ℃条件下的肉味香精产品风味和口感相对较好;经气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,该条件得到的肉味香精中挥发性物质相对含量较高,达到93.62%,其中具有特征风味的吡嗪类化合物高达8.19%,醛、酮类化合物的相对含量较高;在此条件下得到的肉味香精,色泽呈现深褐色,香味浓郁,回味悠长。运用电子鼻技术分析发现,不同温度条件下样品存在显著性差异,风味有所改变。  相似文献   

12.
植物乳杆菌发酵草鱼肉挥发性成分的变化规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究植物乳杆菌发酵草鱼的过程中挥发性成分变化规律。利用电子鼻、顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对草鱼发酵不同时间段的挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明,电子鼻能够较好地区分发酵不同阶段的鱼肉样品的风味,各阶段的成分有显著差异,进一步采用气相色谱-质谱法对不同时间的草鱼发酵样品中的挥发性成分进行分析,鉴定出54 种挥发性物质,在发酵过程中,土腥味的己醛、庚醛等醛类物质逐渐减少;蘑菇香味的1-辛烯-3-醇含量逐渐增多,发酵后期产生了有薄荷香味的丙酮,以及有奶油香味的乙偶姻等增香成分,这和感官评定的结果一致。  相似文献   

13.
采用电子鼻(Electronic Nose)、顶空-气相色谱-离子迁移谱(Headspace Gas Chromatography Ion Mobility Spectrometry, HS-GC-IMS)和顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(Headspace Solid Phase Micro-extraction Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry, HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术与感官评价相结合,对广西南美白对虾、禾花鱼、罗非鱼、金丝鱼及马氏珍珠贝五种优势水产原料中挥发性成分进行分析。结果表明:感官评价显示五种水产原料腥味较突出;电子鼻分析显示五种水产原料的整体气味主要是无机硫化物、芳香成分(有机硫化物)及甲基类;GC-IMS共检出75种化合物(定性37种),共有的化合物为:正辛醛、苯甲醛(单体)、戊醛(单体)、2-戊酮(单体)、2-蒎烯、2-丁酮(单体)、丁醛(二聚体)、丙酸乙酯、正己醛(单体)、苯甲醛(二聚体)、庚醛(单体);GC-MS共鉴定出57种挥发性化合物,其中醇类、醛类及芳香族类化合物为这五种水产原料主要的挥发性化合物;1-辛烯-3-醇和壬醛为五种水产原料共有的关键性风味物质。  相似文献   

14.
This paper investigates the effectiveness of three rapid methods of volatile compounds analysis with subsequent principal component analysis (PCA) treatment of data for differentiation between virgin olive oil samples adulterated with hazelnut oil. Tested methods included comparison of chromatograms of volatiles obtained using SPME-fast GC-FID, volatiles analysis by electronic nose based on MOS sensors (HS-Enose), and by direct coupling of SPME to MS (SPME-MS). Volatile compounds were analyzed also by SPME-GC/MS technique. Data obtained as a result of SPME-GC/MS was subjected to PCA. SPME-GC–MS analysis with subsequent PCA yielded good results, however being time consuming. The three methods of analysis of volatiles, with subsequent PCA treatment of data, allowed detection of olive oil adulteration with different contents of hazelnut oil ranging from 5 to 50% (v/v).  相似文献   

15.
柏霜  王永瑞  罗瑞明  尤丽琴  丁丹  柏鹤  沈菲 《食品科学》2021,42(24):166-174
探讨滩羊肉高温烹饪(炒制、煎制、炸制)加工过程中挥发性风味化合物形成、变化及差异。在整体气味感知上,利用电子鼻可以区分生肉与炒制、煎制、炸制样品之间的不同气味。采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对挥发性化合物进行定性分析,通过偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)法,辨别3?种加工方式不同加工阶段可挥发性成分组成。结果表明:在整体气味感知上,采用电子鼻可以区分3?种加工方式各个加工阶段,在炒制煸炒脂肪出油阶段、煎制1?min阶段、炸制3?min阶段响应值最强。GC-MS鉴定滩羊高温烹饪肉制品挥发性化合物273?种,其中炒制174?种,炸制158?种,煎制134?种。煎制、炸制前期就产生了大量的挥发性风味物质,而炒制是在加工后期才产生大量的挥发性风味物质。PLS-DA评分散点图将原料肉、3?种加工方式的滩羊肉制品挥发性化合物区分开,且有各自清晰的气味特征。醛类是3?种滩羊肉制品主要的挥发性化合物,己醛的浓度含量最高。炒制煸炒脂肪出油阶段增加了滩羊肉的可挥发性风味化合物种类及相对含量,对风味的整体贡献最高,尤其是酸类、酯类、杂环类化合物的贡献。  相似文献   

16.
《Meat science》2009,81(4):1254-1263
Sensory analysis of meatballs was carried out to monitor the warmed-over flavour (WOF) development in cooked, cold-stored (at 4 °C for 0, 2 and 4 days) and reheated meatballs derived from M. longissimus dorsi (LD) and M. semimembranosus (SM) of pigs fed a standard diet supplemented with either 3% of rapeseed oil or 3% of palm oil. This was performed in combination with measurement of volatile compounds using a solid-state-based gas sensor array system (electronic nose) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry together with measurement of thiobarbitoric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Subsequently, to elucidate the relations and predictability between the obtained data, the gas sensor responses were correlated with chemical (volatile and non-volatile secondary lipid oxidation products) and sensory data (flavour and odour attributes), using partial least squares regression modelling (PLSR). The TBARS, hexanal, pentanal, pentanol and nonanal all correlated to the sensory attributes associated to WOF formation. Moreover, the responses from eight of the MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) sensors within the electronic nose proved to be significantly related to WOF characteristics detected by both sensory and chemical analysis, while six of the MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) sensors were related to freshly cooked meat attributes determined by sensory analysis. The obtained results show the potential of the present gas sensor technology to monitor WOF formation in pork.  相似文献   

17.
目的 研究大叶种特异性品种红紫芽熟茶适制性及渥堆发酵过程中品质变化规律。方法 以红紫芽晒青茶为原料, 分别以高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)、气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)、电子鼻、色差分析结合感官审评方法研究红紫芽熟茶适制性及渥堆发酵过程中品质变化。结果 GC-MS分析结果表明,红紫芽晒青茶共鉴定6大类28种香气物质, 红紫芽出堆样共鉴定出9大类46种香气物质, 电子鼻传感器区别贡献率分析(Loading)结果表明,10个传感器中就有5个传感器(R8、R6、R10、R7和R9)对茶叶香气的响应明显,对区分贡献率最大, 香气分析结果表明红紫芽叶制成熟茶香气物质丰富。随着翻堆序数增加, L*和?L值总体呈下降趋势, a*和?a总体呈增加趋势,b*及?b值随着翻堆序数增加先增加后呈下降趋势, 表明随着发酵进行, 茶汤明亮度降低, 茶汤变红变深, 这与感官呈现的一致。HPLC结果表明,随着渥堆序数增加,总儿茶素、茶多酚及氨基酸含量呈递减趋势, 出堆样氨基酸、茶多酚、总儿茶素含量低于晒青原料(P<0.05), 水浸出物含量高于晒青原料(P<0.05), 每一次翻堆样咖啡碱的含量变化幅度也不大(P>0.05)。感官审评结果表明,红紫芽出堆样汤色棕红明亮,香气陈香、木香带甜香,滋味甜醇尚滑, 品质特征符合普洱茶国家标准。结论 GC-MS及电子鼻香气分析结果表明红紫芽熟茶香气丰富, 品质特征变化符合普洱茶国家标准, 即红紫芽茶适制普洱茶且香气丰富。  相似文献   

18.
加热温度对花鲈鱼肉挥发性成分的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以花鲈鱼为研究对象,通过电子鼻和固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱对不同温度条件下花鲈鱼肉挥发性风味成分进行鉴定,分析经过不同温度处理的花鲈鱼肉挥发性物质的种类和相对含量发生的变化,探索出花鲈鱼肉挥发性成分与加热温度的关系。结果表明:电子鼻可以较好地区分出不同温度条件下的花鲈鱼肉。主成分分析显示不同温度条件下的花鲈鱼肉气味成分有明显的差异,45℃和60℃的花鲈鱼肉的气味成分差异最小。通过气相色谱-质谱检测分析,在35、45、60、80℃和95℃的花鲈鱼肉中分别确定出25、40、52、56种和59种挥发性成分;花鲈鱼肉中所含挥发性成分的种类随着检测温度的升高而增多,醛类、酮类、醇类、烃类和芳香族类化合物的相对含量随着温度的升高发生明显变化;对花鲈鱼肉的风味形成有重要贡献的挥发性物质为己醛、壬醛、庚醛、癸醛、十一醛、2-辛烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛、庚醇、1-辛烯-3-醇、二甲苯等化合物。  相似文献   

19.
电子鼻结合GC-MS分析草鱼脱腥前后风味变化   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用柠檬酸、碳酸氢钠、酵母3 种脱腥剂对草鱼鱼肉进行脱腥处理,通过电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对未经处理的鱼肉与不同脱腥剂处理的鱼肉的挥发性成分进行分析和鉴定。结果表明,电子鼻能够较好区分未经脱腥处理及不同脱腥剂处理的鱼肉样品的风味。主成分分析显示各个样品间差异明显,电子鼻区分度良好。采用气相色谱-质谱法在脱腥前、柠檬酸处理、碳酸氢钠处理和酵母处理的鱼肉样品中分别检测出35、20、21 种和29 种挥发性物质。经3 种脱腥剂处理的鱼肉样品的挥发性成分均呈现减少趋势,其中柠檬酸处理鱼肉中挥发性成分的数量和峰面积减少最为显著,其次为碳酸氢钠及酵母。这一结果与电子鼻分析结果相一致。  相似文献   

20.
The possibility of characterising the garlic odour in in vitro and in vivo was demonstrated using the newly developed electronic nose, based on an array of metal oxide semiconductor sensors. Two grams of raw and heat‐treated garlic, and breath odour after eating 2 g of raw garlic and heat‐treated garlic were analysed with an electronic nose. Furthermore, calculation of F‐value (odour quality) and S‐value (odour strength) demonstrated distinct odour differences between the samples, and that the electronic nose could differentiate between the various garlic associated odours corresponding to the different origins (in vivo or in vitro), or to the different processing (raw or heat‐treated). The correlation between gas chromatography and sensory analysis was also discussed in order to identify the volatile compounds in the sample, and to investigate the association with the response of human perception to the samples. Results showed that odour sensor data were easier to obtain and were well correlated with both types of instrument.  相似文献   

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