三维五向管状织物纱束轨迹及纤维体积分数的分析与研究

针对四步法编织的三维五向管状织物,基于圆形编织的纱束运动过程及机理分析,研究了织物内部与表面纱束的几何拓扑关系,继而提出三维五向管状织物的单胞结构模型。在此基础上,分别用阿基米德螺旋线段和圆弧段近似预成型内部与表面的纱束轨迹投影,并给出相应的数学描述。根据单胞几何特征,提出了织物横截面上不同位置处的纤维体积分数计算方法。通过建立纱束数据结构及运用计算机可视化技术,对纱束空间轨迹及横截面纤维体积分数进行了模拟显示。这对表征三维五向管状织物的结构性质、实现编织参数优化设计有着重要的意义。      

变截面三维编织复合材料减纱工艺与弯曲性能

探讨了变截面三维编织预制件减纱净成型原理, 结合图像观测与拓扑分析方法表征减纱区域细观结构, 对比减纱变截面与切削变截面复合材料截面缩减区域及相应等截面复合材料的弯曲力学性能, 并分析两种变截面试件在破坏模式上的异同。结果表明: 减纱应遵循的原则是保证具有连续可编织性, 减纱预制件在截面缩减区域呈现平滑的梯形过渡, 其弯曲模量与强度显著高于切削变截面试件而略低于等截面试件, 且表现为以纱线断裂为主、包括基体开裂和纤维抽拔等模式的复合型破坏。      

变截面三维编织复合材料的净形制备及弯曲性能

介绍变截面三维编织预型件的减纱净形制备工艺,通过实验观察与理论建模相结合的方法,分析减纱对预型件细观结构的影响,对比整列减纱、行单元减纱与切削复合材料在变截面区域的弯曲性能。结果表明表面与内部减纱单元是减纱时的基本单位,保证编织规律不变是减纱工艺的基本原则;表面或内部单元减掉后分别会形成两组特殊的纱线轨迹,其中一组纱线的长度与编织角大小较不减纱时增大,而另一组纱线只改变编织角的方向;行单元减纱与整列减纱复合材料的弯曲性能均明显优于切削试件,且行单元减纱试件的弯曲性能比整列减纱试件略高。     

减纱工艺对变截面三维编织复合材料弯曲性能的影响

减纱工艺可以实现变截面三维编织复合材料的净形制备,通过对不同减纱方案制备的单次减纱试件和具有不同减纱截面间距的两次减纱试件进行三点弯曲实验,研究了减纱工艺参数对变截面三维编织复合材料弯曲性能和破坏形态的影响。结果表明,行单元减纱试件的弯曲性能略高于整列减纱试件而显著优于切削试件,纱线断裂是减纱试件的主要失效机制,切削试件则以基体和界面损伤为主。两减纱截面间隔1-3个花节时,试件主要在第2个减纱截面附近发生破坏,而间隔4或5个花节时,弯曲破坏集中在两减纱截面的中间区域。随着减纱截面间距由1花节递增至4花节,试件的弯曲性能逐渐提高,而间距为5花节的试件则与间距4花节试件的弯曲性能基本相同。     

变截面三维编织异型件减纱工艺与力学性能的研究进展

阐述了变截面三维编织异型件的概念与应用背景,概括了异型预制件的编织原理与方法,总结了变截面编织体的减纱成型工艺并分析比较了各种方法的优缺点,探讨了异型截面及减纱工艺对复合材料细观结构与力学性能的影响,展望了变截面三维编织异型件的研究重点与发展方向.     

多向细编碳／碳复合材料界面力学性能测试与表征

本文用自制装置研究了多向细编Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料纤维束性能，分析了工艺过程的影响。同时用界面微脱粘实验技术研究了Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料界面性能，给出了相应的理论模型和界面应力分布，提出了由界面脱粘力，纤维、基体和复合材料性能表征界面剪切强度的方法，为Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料优化设计提供了定量参数。结果表明：织物结构、织物编织工艺以及织物／基体复合对纤维的强度影响很大，降为原始纤维的２０％左右，对模量影响小。不同界面层次，纤维／基体的界面结合情况和界面剪切强度不同，Ｚ向纤维束中纤维／基体结合好，具有最高的结合强度，ＳＥＭ观察证实有大量基体碳在纤维上枝联。     

平纹机织叠层复合材料飞轮弹性参数预测及测量

针对纤维缠绕复合材料高速飞轮径向分层问题,提出环向和径向同时强化的圆环平纹织物结构,环向纱束为单一纤维束连续织造。建立了“平头梭形”截面的单胞模型,兼顾双向纱束轮廓差异。基于扇形单胞和矩形单胞结构相似性,定义了“等参数”织造约束条件。采用体积平均法预测圆环织物扇形单胞等效弹性参数,并采用轮缘径向多层分割模型,分析了机织飞轮旋转载荷下的应力和变形特征及其影响参数,轮缘理论计算位移与圆标记法径向变形测量结果一致。机织复合材料飞轮测试极限圆周速度为889 m/s,储能密度为63.7 Wh/kg。理论分析和实验表明,环形织构的双强化理论可行,能够获得比缠绕飞轮更高的旋转速度。      

多向细编碳/碳复合材料界面力学性能测试与表征

本文用自制装置研究了多向细编C/C复合材料纤维束性能,分析了工艺过程的影响。同时用界面微脱粘实验技术研究了C/C复合材料界面性能,给出了相应的理论模型和界面应力分布,提出了由界面脱粘力,纤维、基体和复合材料性能表征界面剪切强度的方法,为C/C复合材料优化设计提供了定量参数。结果表明:织物结构、织物编织工艺以及织物/基体复合对纤维的强度影响很大,降为原始纤维的20%左右,对模量影响小。不同界面层次,纤维/基体的界面结合情况和界面剪切强度不同,Z向纤维束中纤维/基体结合好,具有最高的结合强度,SEM观察证实有大量基体碳在纤维上枝联。     

双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料弯曲性能

经纬纱和针织纱分别选用不同线密度的高模高强玄武岩纤维, 以不同衬纱方式编织出机织针织复合(CWK)织物和多层双轴向纬编(MBWK)织物, 并以其作为增强体, 采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了玄武岩纤维/乙烯复合材料。对两种复合材料0°、 90°和45°方向的弯曲性能进行测试, 分析比较了弯曲应力-应变特征曲线及纱线强度。结果表明: 两种复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能, 0°和90°方向的弯曲性能均优于各自45°方向的, 弯曲应力-应变曲线均表现出一定的塑性破坏特征; MBWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能又分别高于CWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能; 复合材料中经纱和纬纱的屈曲程度不同, 致使MBWK织物增强复合材料的比模量和纱线强度均高于CWK织物增强复合材料, 两种复合材料的弯曲性能受不同衬纱方式的影响, 而两种复合材料试样的弯曲破坏形态相近。研究结果为双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料的应用提供了参考。     

双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料弯曲性能

经纬纱和针织纱分别选用不同线密度的高模高强玄武岩纤维,以不同衬纱方式编织出机织针织复合(CWK)织物和多层双轴向纬编(MBWK)织物,并以其作为增强体,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑工艺制备了玄武岩纤维/乙烯复合材料.对两种复合材料0°、90°和45°方向的弯曲性能进行测试,分析比较了弯曲应力-应变特征曲线及纱线强度.结果表明:两种复合材料具有较好的弯曲性能,0°和90°方向的弯曲性能均优于各自45°方向的,弯曲应力-应变曲线均表现出一定的塑性破坏特征;MBWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能又分别高于CWK织物增强复合材料0°和90°方向的弯曲性能;复合材料中经纱和纬纱的屈曲程度不同,致使MBWK织物增强复合材料的比模量和纱线强度均高于CWK织物增强复合材料,两种复合材料的弯曲性能受不同衬纱方式的影响,而两种复合材料试样的弯曲破坏形态相近.研究结果为双轴向衬纱纬编玄武岩纤维复合材料的应用提供了参考.     

PAN湿法纺丝工艺与纤维性能相关性研究

用X射线衍射法研究了湿法纺丝过程中PAN纤维结晶结构的演变,通过测试纤维在成形过程中的沸水收缩率和强纤度的变化,并结合纤维的纺丝工艺,探究了纺丝工艺与纤维性能的相关性.结果发现,牵伸和脱除溶剂均可提高纤维的强度,牵伸可提高纤维的取向度和结晶度,干燥致密化可使纤维的取向结构和结晶结构稳定.     

单向玻璃纤维/树脂复合材料的Ⅱ型断裂研究

本文研究了长玻璃纤维强化的树脂基复合材料的Ⅱ型断裂韧性及裂纹扩展速率。作者使用了超声波技术来测定复合材料的弹性模量,测定的结果与混合定律计算的结果吻合的很好。ENF三点弯曲试样被用来测定G_Ⅱc和da/dn与ΔG_Ⅱ的关系。通过理论分析,梁内剪应力对用梁理论计算出的G_Ⅱ的影响误差约为3%.对断口的分析显示了不同的断裂类型会带来不同的微观断口形貌。      

三维立体打印织物的制备及其拉伸性能

将3D打印技术引入到纺织技术应用领域,生产三维立体打印织物。利用自主设计的3D打印机,通过Solidworks三维建模、模型分层处理、生成扫描路径逐层打印堆积成型的过程试织了平纹结构的三维立体织物试样,并从经向方向测试了其拉伸力学性能。试验结果表明:三维立体打印织物与普通织物类似,试样在拉伸初始阶段属于力学高模量区,经向伸长缓慢。三维立体打印织物的拉伸破坏过程不是同时发生,首先在织物熔融凝结固着点的最弱处断裂,应力集中后结构遭到破坏,试样断裂。     

浸渍相转化法制备陶瓷中空纤维膜的研究进展

浸渍相转化法可以制备非对称结构的陶瓷中空纤维膜. 本文讨论了陶瓷中空纤维膜的发展情况, 并着重探讨了各因素对膜孔结构的影响. 大量陶瓷粉体存在情况下的相转化机理, 孔结构与力学强度的平衡问题, 是目前需要重点关注的两个问题. 有效调节孔结构, 保证其力学性能可以实现陶瓷中空纤维膜在分离和纯化、固体氧化物燃料电池、膜催化器和膜反应器等方面的广泛应用.     

Is it feasible to use dyed wool powder as pigment?

In order to make better use of wool powder and explore the feasibility of replacing pigment with dyed wool powder, the dyeing behavior of wool powder was studied firstly. Then, we conducted a series of tests and analyses of the microcosmic structure and properties of powder before and after dyeing. BET test results revealed that the specific surface area of original powder was larger than that of dyed powder. TG and DMA tests indicated that the dyed powder had better thermal stability than the original powder. At last, the dyed wool powder and pigment were mixed and printed on cotton fabric. The dry/wet-rubbing fastness and moisture permeability of cotton fabric printed with dyed powder are better than those of cotton fabric printed with pigment. This indicates that the waste- wool fiber can be processed into applicable printing pigments, which is environmentally friendly and makes full use of natural resources.     

变厚度复合材料热压罐工艺层板厚度控制的实验研究

针对2种碳纤维织物/环氧预浸料,采用热压罐工艺在不同条件下制备了变厚度层板,并通过层板内部形貌、层板厚度、纤维含量、吸胶量、织物渗透率的测试分析,研究了变厚度层板的密实过程和纤维分布的影响因素。结果表明：密实过程中树脂的二维流动导致2种织物变厚度层板厚板区的纤维含量高于薄板区;G0827单向织物的面内渗透率与厚度方向渗透率比值大于G0803缎纹织物,造成G0827织物变厚度层板的纤维分布不均匀性更大;无吸胶材料的条件下层板内纤维分布均匀,说明吸胶材料内树脂的面内流动对层板的纤维分布有很大影响。     

Dry fiber automated placement of carbon fibrous preforms

The superior material properties of carbon fiber-reinforced composites make them especially attractive for applications in aeronautics and aerospace industries. Cost reduction and time saving are continuously driving industry, leading to new industrial challenges which include manufacturing composite structures with optimal mechanical performances using the potential of advanced processes using robotics.To produce complex part shapes, technologies implying fabric draping in a mold imply large waste amount, fabric structure variability and uncertainties concerning local fiber volume fraction amount and thus final mechanical properties. To overcome such issues and comply with cost and time efficiency, automated dry fiber placement for preform manufacturing is proposed. This approach allows to integrate many functions in a complex part thank to the ability of the robot to steer fiber tows at specific locations. The final composite part is obtained by injecting the produced preform with resin using RTM (Resin Transfer Molding) or infusion process.The presented project aims to define the influence of the process driving parameters during fiber placement on the final preform properties range. Preforms were produced using a lab-scale automated placement demonstrator. Three preforms configurations were tested to highlight the influence of the preform structure on permeability and mechanical parameters through characterization of the compression behavior and permeability of the produced preforms. Choice of configuration will affect mechanical properties on the manufactured preforms, whereas creation of open channels to enhance the flow propagation during manufacturing does not necessarily increase the preform permeability.     

Influence of properties at micro- and meso-scopic levels on macroscopic level for weft knitted fabrics

Knitted fabrics and particularly weft knitted fabrics are used as composite material reinforcements due to their ability to be draped and to give three-dimensional shape by molding or by knitting. This paper presents the strong connection of all the scales of the knitted fabric (fiber, yarn and fabric) on the final knitted fabrics and its mechanical and physical properties. For this purpose, only one polymer material is used, made of two different fibers in terms of length and fineness. These fibers are used to make different yarns with two structures then three plain-weft-knitted-fabrics are considered in terms of the loop length. The fibers have not the same bending rigidity because fiber cross-section areas are different. This has an influence on the three-dimensional loop shape and on the roughness, thickness and real area of contact of fabrics. This phenomenon is the same with the two yarn structures. The results presented here bring into light that the loop length does not influence the fabric thickness.     

Enhanced wear resistance of hybrid PTFE/Kevlar fabric/phenolic composite by cryogenic treatment

Hybrid PTFE/Kevlar fabric was treated by cryogenic approach. The untreated or cryo-treated fabric was incorporated into fabric/phenolic composite for friction and wear tests. It was found that the wear resistance of the fabric/phenolic composite was improved after cryo-treatment, although the friction coefficient increased to a certain extent. SEM observations showed that the roughness of hybrid fabric increased by cryo-treatment, which may enhance the mechanical interlocking of the phenolic resin on the fiber surface. Enhanced fiber/resin adhesion was considered to contribute to the improved wear resistance of cryo-treated fabric/phenolic composite.     

织物增强复合材料梁结构热校形工艺

本文借鉴金属零件热校形工艺的经验,利用复合材料在高温下的应力松弛现象,通过热校形工艺修正复合材料零件的形状。制造了碳纤维平纹织物/环氧复合材料L形梁、C形梁,通过自制的热校形模具,以实验方法研究热校形时间、热校形载荷对零件形状的影响,分析复合材料热校形工艺的可行性。研究表明,复合材料热校形工艺中零件变形的主要原因是零件在高温下发生应力松弛,其他因素可以忽略;热校形载荷、热校形时间都对热校形工艺的效果有重要影响。针对特定的复合材料结构,采用合理的热校形工艺过程能够有效地控制构件形状,方便零件的装配。