NR／HDPE共混热塑性弹性体的结构与性能研究

用抽提法、流变仪、示差扫描量热仪、热重法、动态粘弹谱仪、扫描电镜等仪器研究了ＮＲ／ＨＤＰＥ共混热塑性弹性体（ＴＰＥ）的结构与性能。实验结果表明，动态和静态硫化共混物的交联程度相近。控制ＮＲ的交联程度可改善共混物的流动性。ＮＲ／ＨＤＰＥ共混热塑性弹性体中、ＨＤＰＥ结晶度则随ＮＲ的增加而略微降低。只要ＨＤＰＥ足以包裹胶胶粒子就就可以形成连续相。动态硫化增加了共混物中ＮＲ与ＨＤＰＥ相界面间的结合力。     

反应挤出热塑性动态硫化硅基橡胶研究进展

热塑性动态硫化硅基橡胶是聚硅氧烷和热塑性聚合物经共混和动态硫化而得到的一种新型弹性体。文中首先阐述了反应挤出热塑性动态硫化硅基橡胶的形成机理及制备过程,然后从聚硅氧烷和热塑性聚合物的增容改性、动态硫化和加工条件及工艺等方面综述了近些年来反应挤出热塑性动态硫化橡胶的研究进展,最后总结了热塑性动态硫化硅橡胶亟待解决的问题及发展趋势。     

顺丁再生胶/聚丙烯热塑性弹性体制备及性能研究

以顺丁再生胶和聚丙烯为原料,分别采用机械共混法和动态硫化法制备顺丁再生胶/聚丙烯机械共混物和顺丁再生胶/聚丙烯热塑性弹性体。分析两种材料的硫化过程,比较其力学性能和热性能,并对材料的结晶/相转变化和材料断面形貌进行研究。结果表明,采用动态硫化法制备的热塑性弹性体能形成均相,表现出优异的力学性能和耐热性能。     

共混型热塑性弹性体的形态结构研究

本文介绍了一种用透射电镜研究共混型热塑性弹性体的制样方法,其与传统方法的不同之处是在染色前先用具有双键的溶剂将试样溶胀。此制样方法对于完全硫化共混型热塑性弹性体是有效的。研究结果证实了SBR/BR/LDPE完全硫化共混型热塑性弹性体是以塑料为连续相,交联了的橡胶颗粒为分散相的形态特征。     

PVC／NBR并用非硫化型热塑性弹性体的研究

介绍了用国产聚氯乙烯树脂、丁腈橡胶为主体材料制造非硫化型共混热塑性弹性体的方法,并考查了PVC/NBR的共混比、混炼工艺、填料、防老剂等对热塑性弹性体力学性能的影响。     

DCP用量对PP／EPDM共混物性能和形态的影响

用动态硫化法制备的PP／EPDM共混型热塑性弹性体的性能明显优于直接共混型PP／EPDM热塑性弹性体,这是由于模量低的EPDM柔性长链经化学交联后,强化对PP的增韧效果,而交联后又被扯断细化的EPDM的颗粒,改变了因EPDM相互缠结所导致的熔融粘度大,加工性能差的缺陷。制备PP／EPDM热塑性弹性体的关键是动态硫化,由于PP／EPDM共混物的动态硫化是一个融物理共混、化学引发交联和剪切细化分散为一体的复杂过程,材料的性能除决定于组成、组分性能和化学交联体系外,还强烈依赖于所采用的共混工艺方式及其条件。本章采用过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）作为硫化剂,研究了过氧化物用量对动态硫化PP（K8303）／EPDM共混物性能和形态的影响。     

动态硫化NR／HDPE热塑性弹性体的研究

本文采用母胶子混动态硫化新工艺，以硫黄为硫化体系，制备了ＮＲ／ＨＤＰＥ共混热塑性弹性体。考察了橡塑比，共混温度，共混时间，硫化剂、促进剂用量、增塑剂及填料的用量对共混物性能的影响。实验结果表明，当橡塑比为６０：４０，硫化剂和促进剂用量分别为１．８和１份时，综合性能良好，采用增容剂技术，可使共混热塑性弹性体的物理机械性能达到最佳。     

TPU/EVM共混体系的动态硫化工艺

比较了通过HAAKE Rheocord90转矩流变仪用两种不同的动态硫化混炼方法对热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(TPU/EVM)共混体系性能的影响,硫化剂选用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP);探讨了密炼室转子转速和混炼温度对动态硫化共混物性能的影响。通过相差显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对硫化后共混物的微观结构进一步分析表明:动态硫化后的共混体系力学性能优于未硫化体系;两种不同动态硫化法制备的共混物性能相比,B法优于A法,且B法中两相呈明显互锁结构,相畴较小且均匀;FT-IR表明EVM主链的亚甲基和侧链的甲基参与了交联反应,且主要在亚甲基上;转速为30 r/min和混炼温度为150℃时共混物的综合力学性能最优。     

HDPE/CIIR动态硫化共混物结构与性能研究——Ⅰ.制备工艺与力学性能

本文用动态硫化法,在Brabender塑化仪上对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/氯化丁基橡胶(CIIR)的配比、硫化剂用量以及混合时间、温度和速度进行了考察,制得了不同橡塑比和不同硫化剂用量的HDPE/CIIR共混物。结果表明;少量HDPE可赋予共混物远高于硫化CIIR的机械强度:硫化剂用量达15phr时,共混物仍具有热塑性;动态硫化增强了共混物的强度和弹性,HDPE/CIIR=30/70的动态硫化共混物具有最佳综合机械性能。     

PVC／NBR共混型热塑性弹性体的形态结构

用扫描电子显微镜、动态力学谱仪和测定凝胶含量等方法,研究了动态硫化的聚氯乙烯/丁腈橡胶40(PVC/NBR-40)共混型热塑性弹性体的形态结构,并探讨了结构与性能的关系。结果表明:共混物的性能决定于动态共硫化时形成的凝胶含量和凝胶组成。为了达到良好的综合性能,凝胶含量应大于60％。PVC/NBR-40是单相的共混体系,动态共交联增加了PVC与NBR分子链之间的相互作用,并且使两种聚合物混合的均匀程度增加。本文提出了此材料的结构模型,指出动态硫化PVC/NBR-40共混型热塑性弹性体是一种新型的热塑性半互穿网络聚合物材料。     

Thermoplastic matrix continuous filament composites of Kevlar® aramid or graphite fiber

Key static mechanical properties and laminating processes of thermoplastic matrix continuous filament composites reinforced with Kevlar® aramid or graphite fibers are presented and discussed. A tow of Kevlar or graphite impregnated with a thermoplastic matrix from a proprietary melt-coating process involving injection of a melted thermoplastic polymer can be consolidated into a sound, void-free composite laminate by compression molding. The unidirectional composites of Kevlar 49 or graphite from the melt-coated tows possess mechanical properties superior to those of similar composites prepared by other processes such as yarn cowinding and film laminating. The unidirectional composites of Kevlar 49 with thermoplastic matrices prepared from the melt-coated tows are equivalent or superior to those using Epon® epoxies or polyvinylester in flexural, shear and compressive strengths. Using J-polymer, a polyamide copolymer and a proprietary Du Pont resin candidate as a thermoplastic matrix model, a static mechanical test data base has been developed for graphite/thermoplastic matrix composites showing significant advantages in damage tolerance, compression after impact, and interlaminar fracture toughness. Although the unidirectional compressive strength of graphite/epoxy composites has been shown to correlate with matrix modulus, the thermoplastic matrix composites show no such correlation.     

热塑性酚醛树脂对碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料性能的影响

利用热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和三点短梁法对添加不同含量的热塑性酚醛树脂(PF)的复合材料体系改性效果进行了研究,考察了不同含量的酚醛树脂对固化体系力学性能及热性能的影响.结果表明,随着酚醛树脂含量的增加,碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料(CFRP)的弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量呈递减趋势;层间剪切强度(ILSS)呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当酚醛树脂的含量为20%时,层间剪切强度达到111.31MPa,提高约7%;热稳定性较其它含量时高,复合材料体系的综合性能最好.     

含材料非线性的热塑性聚乙烯自增强复合材料逐渐损伤分析

以分段线弹性方法考虑了单向复合材料纵向、横向与剪切的非线性特性,建立了静拉伸热塑性PE/PE层合板逐渐损伤模型,利用有限元技术模拟研究了UHMWPE/LDPE层合板逐渐损伤的过程及机理.研究表明,纵向非线性对层合板的拉伸力学行为非线性有显著影响;各向非线性的分段线弹性处理可简便有效地分析复合材料及其结构的非线性问题,结合逐渐损伤分析可清楚揭示基体开裂、纤一基剪切和纤维断裂等损伤模式及其进程.算例分析的理想结果验证了模型的有效性.     

Fatigue behaviour of aligned short carbon-fibre reinforced polyimide and polyethersulphone composites

Fibre reinforced plastics, with 50 to 55 vol % of aligned short carbon fibres of approximately 3 mm in length, have good mechanical properties and advantages in deformability during the manufacturing process of structural components. The mechanical properties and damage mechanisms of this kind of composite have not been investigated deeply in the past. In the present paper results of an examination programme on laminates with various stacking sequences and two thermoplastic matrix systems (polyimide and polyethersulphone) are given. It will be shown that composites reinforced with aligned discontinuous carbon fibres can be an alternative material to continuous-fibre reinforced composites when considering their static and fatigue properties.     

Mechanical performance optimization through interface strength gradation in PP/glass fibre reinforced composites

A new design for thermoplastic composites based on the gradation of the interlaminar interface strength (IGIS) has been developed with the aim of coupling high impact resistance with high static properties. IGIS laminates have been prepared by properly alternating layers of woven fabric with layers of compatibilized or not compatibilized polymeric films. To prove the new concept, polypropylene (PP) and glass fibres woven fabrics have been used to prepare composites by using the film stacking technique. Maleated PP, able to compatibilize polypropylene with glass fibres, has been used to manage the interface strength layer by layer.The flexural and low-velocity impact characterizations have shown that the presence of the coupling agent in conventional composite structures (prepared with fully compatibilized polymeric layers) improves the static flexural properties through the strengthening of the matrix/fibre interface but considerably lowers the low velocity impact resistance of the composite, in terms of maximum load before fibre breakage and recovered energy after impact. The use of the IGIS design, that grade the interface strength through the laminate thickness, allows to prepare composites with both high flexural properties and high impact resistance, without affecting the balance and type of the reinforcement configuration.     

含能热塑性黏合剂的研究进展

含能热塑性黏合剂主要是指聚合物分子结构中含有能量基团的热塑性弹性体,兼具高能和热塑性弹性体特性。从含能热塑性黏合剂的结构和性能出发,重点综述了近年来GAP、AMMO、BAMO、PNIMMO、PGN基含能热塑性弹性体（ETPE）以及二氟氨基含能黏合剂的合成及其性能研究,展望了ETPE的发展趋势。     

Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modeling

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been successfully applied in various applications. Fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most popular AM techniques, is the most widely used method for fabricating thermoplastic parts those are mainly used as rapid prototypes for functional testing with advantages of low cost, minimal wastage, and ease of material change. Due to the intrinsically limited mechanical properties of pure thermoplastic materials, there is a critical need to improve mechanical properties for FDM-fabricated pure thermoplastic parts. One of the possible methods is adding reinforced materials (such as carbon fibers) into plastic materials to form thermoplastic matrix carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites those could be directly used in the actual application areas, such as aerospace, automotive, and wind energy. This paper is going to present FDM of thermoplastic matrix CFRP composites and test if adding carbon fiber (different content and length) can improve the mechanical properties of FDM-fabricated parts. The CFRP feedstock filaments were fabricated from plastic pellets and carbon fiber powders for FDM process. After FDM fabrication, effects on the tensile properties (including tensile strength, Young's modulus, toughness, yield strength, and ductility) and flexural properties (including flexural stress, flexural modulus, flexural toughness, and flexural yield strength) of specimens were experimentally investigated. In order to explore the parts fracture reasons during tensile and flexural tests, fracture interface of CFRP composite specimens after tensile testing and flexural testing was observed and analyzed using SEM micrograph.     

玻璃纤维织物/聚苯硫醚粉叠层模塑工艺与性能

研究聚苯硫醚(PPS)树脂粉与玻璃纤维织物(GF)叠层模塑(粉末工艺)制复合材料的工艺与性能。测试各种工艺条件制GF/PPS层板的弯曲力学性能、动态力学性能,用扫描电镜(SEM)探查树脂对纤维的浸渍及纤维/基体的界面粘合情况。SEM分析结果表明,粉末工艺制得的PPS基复合材料呈现高的力学性能,是由于树脂对纤维的均匀浸渍和良好的纤维/基体的界面粘合。熔前热压、高温成型、退火处理是粉末工艺制高质量GF/PPS层板的工艺要点。      

热塑性弹性体在聚丙烯改性中的研究进展

简述了热塑性弹性体(TPE)的分类及其增韧改性聚丙烯(PP)的机理,针对近年来热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)、热塑性苯乙烯弹性体(TPS)、热塑性聚烯烃弹性体(TPO)等热塑性弹性体改性聚丙烯,以及与增强材料协同改性聚丙烯的研究成果进行了综述,并展望热塑性弹性体改性聚丙烯的研究前景。