腈纶废水生化处理研究

通过试验探讨了二步法腈纶废水进行好氧活性污泥生化处理及各种强化措施的性能．研究表明单纯的活性污泥法难以实现腈纶废水达标排放,Fenton试剂与O3氧化及厌氧酸化作为好氧生化前处理手段对于提高腈纶废水可生化性作用较小,富营养物添加及生活污水共基质条件也不能增强生化处理时难降解COD部分的去除率．腈纶生化处理后废水有必要增加物理化学方法实现达标外排。     

乳品废水的可生化性研究

乳品废水是在牛奶加工工艺过程中产生的,含有多种有机类污染物。采用某金川污水处理厂活性污泥好氧处理乳品废水。以自行设计的可生化性装置研究了乳品废水的可生化性,利用该装置测定了体系的溶解氧浓度,跟踪微生物的降解过程,并绘制了微生物的内源呼吸线。通过在乳品废水中添加适量苯酚,测定微生物呼吸速率曲线来确定苯酚对乳品废水可生化性的毒性影响。并且测定了活性污泥法中曝气时间对乳品废水CODCr值降解影响,同时计算CODCr去除率,观察到CODCr去除率随曝气时间的延长而升高。结果表明：乳品废水具有很好的可生化性,苯酚对微生物的有氧呼吸有显著的抑制作用。好氧处理后乳品废水的CODCr值明显下降,进一步验证上述内源呼吸线法的准确性。生化呼吸线法判断污水的可生化性是一种可靠易行的方法,提高体系的可生化性是增加污水处理效果的关键因素。     

稠油废水的可生化性研究

采用物化 -厌氧 -好氧法处理稠油废水 ,试验结果表明 :稠油废水经过隔油和气浮的物化处理后 ,其好氧可生化性提高了 2 5 %～ 48% ,B/C比由 0 .1 5 3上升至 0 .4左右 ;而再经厌氧处理后 ,好氧可生化性又可提高 2 0 %左右 ,B/C比上升至 0 .5。厌氧出水的 COD去除率高达 95 %以上 ,BOD的去除率也高达 85 %以上。     

高氨类废水处理工程调试研究

工程上采用水解-兼氧-好氧生化组合工艺处理哌嗪类高氨废水,评价工艺处理能力及哌嗪废水的处理效果。结果表明,哌嗪类废水可生化性良好,COD、氨氮及总氮均能够得到有效去除。本工程设计工艺适合于处理哌嗪类高氨废水,具有较高应用价值。     

混凝-厌氧膨胀床-好氧流化床组合工艺处理有机氯农药废水

研究了物化与生化两种预处理方法及组合的好氧生化处理工艺对该废水的处理效果。研究表明：物化预处理混凝法,可使COD和色度去除率分别达26．5％和37、5％,但废水的可生化性仅有微弱改善;生化预处理采用厌氧膨胀床工艺废水B／C值由进水的0．24提高到出水的0、41,可生化性有了较大的改善,COD和色度平均去除率分别为76．5％和99．5％;好氧流化床在有机物容积负荷为4．08-7．76kgCOD／m^3·d,水力停留时间为4h,气水比为30-35时,COD、色度平均去除率为84．9％、93．3％。试验表明,好氧流化床具有运行稳定、抗冲击负荷强的特点。混凝、厌氧膨胀床预处理与好氧流化床的工艺组合可使该废水处理后达到污水综合排放标准（GB8978．96）的二级标准。     

混凝/生物/臭氧组合工艺处理丁苯胶乳生产废水

针对丁苯胶乳生产废水悬浮物浓度高,成分复杂,可生化性差,采用耗氧速率法,硝化毒性测定法和赞恩-惠伦斯好氧生物降解试验评估了丁苯胶乳废水的生物毒性和降解性;为混凝/生物/臭氧组合工艺处理丁苯胶乳废水工艺的选择提供了科学依据。混凝法预处理可去除其中大量有机物,并提高废水的可生化性,臭氧深度氧化保证出水水质达标。试验结果表明:采用混凝/生物/臭氧工艺可使原水的COD从8 000 mg/L降至53 mg/L,色度,氨氮,乙腈,苯乙烯,甲苯,乙苯,总油类等主要污染物指标也均达到上海市二级排放标准。     

高温水解-好氧接触氧化法处理油田污水的研究

针对油田采出废水温度高、可生化性差的特点,采用高温水解．好氧接触氧化工艺对油田采出废水进行了实验研究。结果表明：当原水COD浓度为200-350mg／L,水解温度为53℃,水解段与好氧段的HRT分别为16h、8h情况下,废水经处理后COD去除率可达到85％;废水经水解预处理后,可生化性有明显提高,为后续好氧生化处理奠定了良好的基础。该工艺适合作为油田污水的处理工艺。     

基于活性污泥呼吸速率的化工废水水质评价方法

针对化工废水无差别的接管导致污水厂生化系统无法高效运行的问题，本文以实际化工废水为对象，提出了一种基于好氧污泥呼吸速率（OUR）的S_TOD值法（S_TOD=OUR_废水/OUR_内源）评价化工废水水质。此方法可将废水水质分别为可生化、难降解、有毒三种类别，对高浓度、低浓度废水水质的评价均快速、准确。利用S_TOD、发光细菌、斑马鱼、大型溞评价废水水质，正确率分别为100%、50%、62.5%、37.5%，S_TOD值更能科学合理地评价废水水质。从而，本文提出了一套废水水质分类接管模型，实现了接管生化系统高效、经济运行以及难降解、有毒物质切实消减。     

基于共代谢原理改善TNT炸药废水的可生化性

为改善TNT炸药废水的可生化性,以某实际TNT炸药废水为例,用水质指标评价法和生化模型试验法评价了其可生化性,研究了向废水中添加葡萄糖或与制糖等工业废水混合改善其可生化性.结果表明,原废水可生化性较差,并且随TNT浓度的增加,可生化性不断降低.向TNT废水中添加葡萄糖或制糖等食品工业废水后,可显著改善TNT的可生化性,使TNT废水的生物处理成为可能.     

采用UV/O3改善有机锡浓缩废水的可生化性

研究了经紫外线，臭氧预处理的有机锡浓缩废水的可生化性改善情况。通过测量COD，BOD和用FBR（间歇反应器）法对其处理效果进行衡量对比，结果表明UV／03在pH值为7和臭氧投加量为70．7mg／L时有较好的处理效果，处理过的水的可生化性也有较大改善。     

高浓度淀粉废水水解--好氧循环一体化处理工艺的初步研究

A new recycling hydrolytic-aerobic combined process was developed to treat the high concentration organic wastewater. Simulated wastewater containing 10g·L-1 starch with a CODcr value of 10000 mg·L-1 was used. At first, the hydrolytic degradation and aerobic degradation process were examined in two batch reactors, respectively. In the stand-alone hydrolytic process, starch in the wastewater almost disappeared after 11 h treatment, but CODcr remained as high as 5803 mg·L-1 after two days. In the aerobic process, the biodegradation rate of starch was much slower during the first 11 h than that in the hydrolytic process, although the CODcr removal efficiency reached 89.6% and more than 90% starch could be degraded after 37.5 h. To determine the interaction effects of the two processes, a series of hydrolytic-aerobic combinations were examined in details. Hydrolytic process played an important role in the whole recycle combination process as it could improve the biodegradability of the high concentration     

邻硝基对甲酚生产废水处理站的改造工程设计

将高级氧化技术、生活污水稀释与厌氧、好氧技术组合工艺应用于低pH、高含盐的含邻硝基对甲酚废水处理站改造工程,运行结果表明,当H_2O_2添加量为5 kg/t,FeSO_4·7H_2O的添加量为6.8 kg/t时可对含邻硝基对甲酚废水中的苯环有效断链,提高废水的可生化性。预处理后的废水在UASB停留时间1.4 d,缺氧、好氧停留时间均为1 d时,出水COD500 mg/L,达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(CJ 343—2010)中A等级的标准。     

化学絮凝法处理制药废水应用研究进展

采用化学絮凝法处理制药废水具有高效、经济和操作简便等优点,与好氧/厌氧传统生化法、膜分离等方法联合起来可有效克服制药废水对活性功能性微生物的抑制性和对分离膜的长效性污染;同时大大提高废水的可生化性、改善废水水质特性,使处理后的出水水质接近或达到普通有机废水水质,从根本上解决了制药废水治理难的问题。文中就絮凝法在制药废水处理中的应用研究现状,以及影响制药废水絮凝处理的主要因素进行了论述。     

挡板式水解酸化法处理印染废水的中试试验研究

对印染废水进行了挡板式水解酸化中试试验。结果表明,调节原水pH值为10左右,污泥质量浓度为20g/L,水力停留时间为9～10h的条件下,处理后的废水COD去除率平均为38．6％,进出水的BOD／COD比值由0．285升高至0．447,废水可生化性能得到明显改善。挡板式水解酸化法作为印染废水好氧生物处理的前处理在技术上和经济上都是可行的。     

Advanced treatment of textile dyeing wastewater through the combination of moving bed biofilm reactors and ozonation

A four-stage lab-scale treatment system [anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)-aerobic MBBR-ozonation-aerobic MBBR in series] was investigated to treat textile dyeing wastewater. The MBBRs were operated in a continuous horizontal flow mode. To determine the optimum operating conditions, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and ozonation time on pollutant removal were analysed by continuous and batch experiments. The optimum operating conditions were found to be 14 h HRT for both anaerobic and no. 1 aerobic MBBRs, 14 min ozonation time and 10 h HRT for no. 2 aerobic MBBR. The average influent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), ammonia and colour were 824 mg/L, 691 mg/L, 40 mg/L and 165°, respectively. Under these conditions, the average effluent concentrations of COD, SS, ammonia and colour were 47 mg/L, 15.2 mg/L, 5.9 mg/L and 6.1°, respectively, corresponding to total removal efficiencies of 94.3%, 97.8%, 85.3% and 96.3%, respectively. The final effluent could meet the reuse requirements of textile industry. The anaerobic MBBR process improved the biodegradability of the raw wastewater, while the two aerobic MBBRs played an important role in removing COD and ammonia. The ozonation process enhanced the biodegradability of no. 1 aerobic MBBR effluent, and finally, deep treatment was completed in no. 2 aerobic MBBR. The combined process showed a promising potential for treatment of high-strength dyeing wastewater.     

Combined ozone pretreatment and biological processes for removal of colored and biorefractory compounds in wastewater from molasses fermentation industries

BACKGROUND: The use of ozone combined with biological treatment was investigated for molasses fermentation wastewater containing highly concentrated, brown and biorefractory compounds. These persistent compounds, known as melanoidins, generate disposal issues: in the environment, the color is problematic for aquatic life; and in municipal wastewater treatment plants, the molecules are biorefractory. RESULTS: This paper aims to evaluate the impact of ozone pretreatment, applied in the range 0.1 to 1 g g^?1 consumed ozone doses, on both macroscopic physico‐chemical parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), color and UV absorbance, and batch aerobic biodegradability. Then, performances of ozone pretreatment are assessed in terms of biodegradability improvement in batch and semi‐continuous anaerobic processes and, also, in semi‐continuous denitrification as a potential carbon source. Ozonation applied at the ozone dose of 0.5 g O₃ g^?1 COD led to an increase in biodegradability in all bioreactors. On average, the pretreatment resulted in an increased biodegradable fraction from zero to 33% without noticeable toxicity on biomass. This ozone dose also achieved 45% nitrogen removal by biological denitrification. CONCLUSION: Ozone pretreatment is a suitable technique for the biodegradability improvement of molasses fermentation wastewater, in aerobic, anaerobic and anoxic conditions. The pretreatment should be optimized in order to maximize the subsequent biodegradability. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Integrated Wet Air Oxidation and Biological Treatment of Polyethylene Glycol-Containing Wastewaters

The treatment of a model wastewater containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 10000 in an integrated wet air oxidation–aerobic oxidation process was investigated. Partial wet air oxidation under mild operating conditions was capable of converting the original polymer to lower molecular weight compounds, such as oligomers and short-chain organic acids. The effect of molecular weight on the aerobic biodegradability of polyethylene glycol was assessed by performing shake flasks experiments with various polyethylene glycols in a molecular weight range from 200–35000 and it was found that biodegradability generally decreased with increasing molecular weight. Aqueous solutions of PEG 10000 were subjected to continuous wet air oxidation at a temperature of 423 K and a residence time of 30 min and the oxidised effluents were then subjected to subsequent continuous aerobic oxidation at residence times varying between 0·5 and 4 days. Simultaneously, continuous aerobic oxidation experiments on solutions of PEG 10000 were performed and used to compare the efficiency of the integrated treatment process with that of the direct biological treatment. Partial pretreatment by wet air oxidation under mild operating conditions resulted in effluents whose biodegradation rates were significantly higher than those of the original, unoxidised wastewater, as assessed by total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates. The original wastewater was practically non-biodegradable at a 0·5-day residence time with direct biological treatment, while an 80% TOC removal was achieved when biological treatment was coupled with a preceding wet air oxidation step. Conversely, with a 4-day residence time for the direct biological treatment the original wastewater was only partially degradable with 60–70% TOC removal recorded; with the integrated treatment process at a 4-day residence time in the bioreactor the overall TOC removal was greater than 90%. © 1997 SCI     

Biodegradability and aquatic toxicity of glycoside surfactants and a nonionic alcohol ethoxylate

The environmental properties of three glycoside surfactants and one alcohol ethoxylate were examined by standardized laboratory methods. All of the surfactants biodegraded extensively in aerobic screening tests and may be assumed to approach 100% removal in aerobic wastewater treatment plants, except in cases of high loadings or otherwise exceptional conditions. Anaerobic biodegradability tests showed that an ethyl glycoside monoester (EGE) and a linear alkyl polyglycoside (APG) were both mineralized (>70%) under methanogenic conditions. In contrast, a branched APG resisted anaerobic degradation, while the alcohol ethoxylate was partially mineralized by anaerobic bacteria. The EGE surfactant was most rapidly mineralized in aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability tests. None of the surfactants inhibited respiration in activated sludge at the highest concentration tested (200 mg/L). Tests with aquatic organisms showed increasing toxicity in the following order: branched APG<EGE<linear APG<alcohol ethoxylate. Negligible aquatic toxicity was observed for the branched APG, while the alcohol ethoxylate was highly toxic to examined organisms. This evaluation demonstrates that considerable variation in biodegradability and toxicity responses can be seen within structurally related glucose-based surfactants.     

新型有机膨润土用于印染废水处理的实验研究

采用二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷合成了一种阳离子型铵盐,用其与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基膨润土进行复合插层改性,制备得到一种新型有机膨润土;以模拟染料废水和实际印染废水为处理对象,使用改性膨润土进行了吸附脱色实验,吸附完成后加入聚合氯化铝混凝。实验结果表明,与单独投加聚合氯化铝相比,采用改性膨润土吸附后再混凝的方法处理废水,可显著提高脱色率和COD去除率;处理活性艳红X-3B、酸性大红GR与活性艳蓝X-BR三种模拟染料废水时,脱色率分别可达99.4%、84.8%和96.1%;以中试规模处理实际印染废水调节池原水时,COD和色度去除率分别可达51.6%和85.9%;处理实际印染废水好氧生化出水,COD可由121.3mg/L降至65.4mg/L,色度由32倍降至8倍以下。     

Joint Treatment of Wastewater from Table Olive Processing and Urban Wastewater. Integrated Ozonation – Aerobic Oxidation

Integrated ozonation‐aerobic biodegradation of table olive wastewater (diluted 1:25 with synthetic urban wastewater) is presented as a suitable technology to purify this kind of effluent. Use of ozone is recommended as a pre‐treatment step since it shows a high reactivity toward phenolic compounds (found in this type of wastewater) reducing, at the same time, the alkalinity of the media for further biological processing. An ozone dose of 45 mg L^–1 (flow rate 20 L h^–1) for a period of 35 min has been found to achieve the following goals: decrease pH, decrease phenolic content, and increase of biodegradability. The aerobic oxidation process followed first order kinetics as measured by COD depletion profiles versus time. The Arrhenius expression k = 183exp(–2214/T) was obtained for experiments of ozonated wastewater biodegradation completed at different temperatures and neutral pH.