不同晶体结构氧化钛薄膜性能研究

用非平衡磁控溅射技术分别制备了锐钛矿、金红石、锐钛矿和金红石共存结构的氧化钛薄膜.用X射线衍射(XRD)分析薄膜的晶体结构,血小板粘附和凝血因子实验研究薄膜的血液相容性,分光光度计和接触角测量法测试薄膜表面物化性质.研究表明,氧化钛薄膜具有宽禁带的半导体特性,血液相容性优于热解碳.金红石结构氧化钛薄膜由于其与血浆白蛋白、血浆纤维蛋白原、血液及水之间有较小的界面张力,自身较低的表面能色散分量与极性分量的比值,加之其宽禁带宽度的n型半导体特性使其具有最优的血液相容性.     

掺杂氧化钛薄膜的制备与血液相容性研究

本文利用磁控溅射技术制备了Ta5+掺杂的TiO2 薄膜 ,并采用动态凝血时间、血小板粘附及血小板变形等方法进行了薄膜材料的血液相容性测试。结果表明 ,Ta5+掺杂的TiO2 薄膜具有良好的血液相容性 ,且在一定的掺杂量条件下具有最佳值。     

NiTi合金上沉积氮化碳薄膜的力学和血液相容性研究

采用磁控溅射法在生物医用NiTi合金基体表面制备了Ti/CN_x（x≈0.26）梯度薄膜,并制备了Ti/类金刚石(DLC)以及Ti/TiN薄膜进行对比研究. 利用显微硬度计、划痕仪比较分析了上述各薄膜的力学性能,通过表面接触角法研究了薄膜的亲水性. 着重测试并分析了溶血率和血小板粘附行为,进而对薄膜的血液相容性进行评估. 结果表明：Ti/CN_x梯度薄膜与NiTi合金基底的结合牢固,结合力达到63.6N. Ti/CN_x薄膜硬度为23.01GPa,和Ti/TiN薄膜硬度相当,略高于Ti/DLC薄膜. 溶血率和血小板粘附试验表明,Ti/CN_x梯度薄膜能有效改善NiTi合金基底的亲水性和血液相容性,与Ti/TiN和Ti/DLC薄膜相比,Ti/CN_x梯度薄膜具有最小的溶血率,仅为1.12％,并且无论在血小板的粘附数量还是在血小板变形程度都最少,因此具有良好的血液相容性.     

氢等离子体改性TiO2薄膜血液相容性研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射法制备金红石相TiO2薄膜,并用氢等离子体对TiO2薄膜进行了表面改性.XRD结果表明,改性薄膜的结构并没有发生变化, FTIR检测薄膜中没有发现明显的-OH基团.XPS分析表明,氢还原后薄膜次表面出现了氧缺位.浸润性实验结果表明,氢还原TiO2薄膜的亲水性有轻微的减弱.血小板黏附实验发现,在还原温度较低、时间较短(110℃、15min)时,TiO2薄膜的血液相容性得到明显改善,这与氧缺位的量有关,适量的氧缺位能改善TiO2薄膜的血液相容性.     

TiO2-PTFE复合薄膜表征及血液相容性研究

利用阳极氧化的方法，通过在改变电解液的成分分别制备了利用TiO2表面和PTFE-TiO2复合薄膜表面．利用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等手段检测薄膜的表面结构、成分和微观形貌等，利用躺滴法测定薄膜表面与水的接触角．通过钛、氧化钛、复合表面在微观结构、组成和形貌的不同和血小板黏附实验的结果，探讨不同组成、结构的材料表面在血液相容性上的差异，最终得出复合薄膜在血液相容性上有了较大改善的结论。     

316L不锈钢和NiTi合金微磁场表面粗糙度对血液相容性的影响

在316L不锈钢、NiTi合金的含SrFe12O19磁性粉末的TiO2薄膜表面用溶胶-凝胶法再涂覆不同层数的TiO2薄膜,以降低材料微磁场表面的微粗糙度,并用扫描电镜、粗糙度仪分析薄膜的表面粗糙度.测试了不同粗糙度的微磁场表面的动态凝血时间和溶血率,研究了微磁场表面的粗糙度对材料血液相容性的影响.结果表明,粗糙度小的微磁场表面的血液相容性比粗糙度大的微磁场表面的血液相容性好.即对于平整光滑的微磁场表面,可以利用微磁场提高材料血液相容性的同时,进一步改善材料的血液相容性.     

超细晶粒钛表面掺钽TiO2薄膜的微结构及血液相容性研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射法在超细晶粒钛表面沉积掺钽TiO2薄膜,研究了不同掺Ta量对超细晶粒钛表面TiO2薄膜结构、形貌和血液相容性的影响规律.结果表明,超细晶粒钛具有强烈的诱导金红石相形核效应,室温下可以获得超过90%含量的金红石型TiO2;Ta的掺入具有细化薄膜晶粒并抑制金红石相形成的作用;掺入少量Ta的TiO2薄膜具有较优的血液相客性;掺入过量Ta的TiO2薄膜为无定形结构,因抑制金红石相形成反而恶化TiO2薄膜的血液相容性.     

Si-N-O薄膜结构对薄膜血液相容性的影响

采用非平衡磁控溅射(UBMS450)法在(100)单晶硅表面制备Si-N-O薄膜.利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征薄膜的成分结构;用血小板粘附试验表征薄膜结构对薄膜血液相容性的影响.研究结果表明,以无机Si为主的Si-N-O薄膜,其血液相容性较差;键合少量O的Si3N4薄膜,其血液相容性较佳.Si-N-O薄膜中N含量和O含量的变化,是导致薄膜结构变化的重要因素.     

TiO2中间层对基于溶胶–凝胶法制备的VO2薄膜光学特性的影响（英文）

为了提高VO2薄膜的热致相变性能,采用复合结构与掺杂相结合的方法,首先通过溶胶–凝胶法在云母基底上制备锐钛型TiO2薄膜,再在光致亲水性处理的TiO2/云母基底上涂覆V2O5以及掺钨V2O5水溶胶,然后经热处理获得VO2/TiO2及VxW1-xO2/TiO2复合薄膜。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究薄膜的物相、表面形貌以及热致相变特性.结果表明,VO2/TiO2复合薄膜晶体生长为(011)面择优取向;VxW1-xO2/TiO2复合薄膜产生多种取向。TiO2中间层有助于使VO2薄膜生长致密,相变温度降低,更使VxW1-xO2/TiO2复合薄膜滞后温宽降至约4℃。     

TiO2-V2O5纳米复合薄膜的溶胶-凝胶制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,以钛酸丁脂、V2O5粉末为原材料制备了纳米结构的TiO2-V2O5复合薄膜.使用XRD、FTIR、AFM、UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计等方法研究了复合薄膜的特性.实验结果表明:复合薄膜具有纳米孔洞结构;随V2O5含量的增加,TiO2晶相由锐钛矿向金红石的转变率大大提高,从500℃时纯TiO2的0.42%增加到含30%V2O5时的80.5%;复合薄膜在紫外区域的吸收显著增强,吸收边缘发生了红移.     

Real gas choked flow conditions at low reduced-temperatures

Real gas choked mass flux is calculated for a frictionless stream expanding isentropically until it reaches the speed of sound and without phase changes. The other parameters associated with the choked state are the pressure, density, temperature ratios, and the speed of sound. Departure of the choked mass flux from the ideal gas model is discussed first in absolute terms and then in relative terms, using the Principle of Corresponding States, for gases with boiling points in the low temperature range. Reduced-stagnation pressures are examined up to values of 30 for hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, argon, methane, krypton, xenon, and R-14 and up to 100 for ⁴He. The corresponding reduced-stagnation temperatures go down to 1.4 and in some cases down to 1.2 for nitrogen and argon. Also discussed are the limiting values of stagnation parameters for which no phase change occurs in the choked state. Compared to the ideal gas, the mass flux may almost double and the critical pressure ratio may decrease by an order of magnitude. The relevance of results is discussed qualitatively and quantitatively for Joule-Thomson cryocooling.     

As-cast microstructures and behavior at high temperature of chromium-rich cobalt-based alloys containing hafnium carbides

Hafnium is often used to improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of superalloys but not to form carbides for strengthen them against creep. In this work hafnium was added in cobalt-based alloys for verifying that HfC can be obtained in cobalt-based alloys and for characterizing their behavior at a very temperature. Three Co–25Cr–0.25 and 0.50C alloys containing 3.7 and 7.4 Hf to promote HfC carbides, and four Co–25Cr– 0 to 1C alloys for comparison (all contents in wt.%), were cast and exposed at 1200 °C for 50 h in synthetic air. The HfC carbides formed instead chromium carbides during solidification, in eutectic with matrix and as dispersed compact particles. During the stage at 1200 °C the HfC carbides did not significantly evolve, even near the oxidation front despite oxidation early become very fast and generalized. At the same time the chromium carbides present in the Co–Cr–C alloys totally disappeared in the same conditions. Such HfC-alloys potentially bring efficient and sustainable mechanical strengthening at high temperature, but their hot oxidation resistance must be significantly improved.     

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on superalloy

Degradation behaviour of sputtered Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate has been investigated. Cyclic high temperature oxidation tests were conducted on uncoated and coated samples at peak temperatures of 900 °C for up to 100 thermal cycles between the peak and room temperatures. The results showed that a dense scale formed on the coated samples during thermal cycling at the peak temperature of 900 °C. The external scale exhibited good spallation resistance during cyclic oxidation testing at both temperatures. The improvement in oxide scale spallation resistance is believed to be related to the fine-grained structure of the coating. Nanostructured Co–Al coatings on Superni-718 substrate were deposited by DC/RF magnetron sputtering. FE-SEM/EDS, AFM, and XRD were used to characterize the morphology and formation of different phases in the coatings, respectively. The Co–Al coating on superalloy substrate showed better performance of cyclic high temperature oxidation resistance due to its possession of β-CoAl phase as Al reservoir and the formation of Al₂O₃ and spinel phases such as CoCr₂O₄ and CoAl₂O₄ in scale. The oxidation results confirmed an improved oxidation resistance of the Co–Al coating on superalloy as compare to bare substrate in air at 900 °C temperature up to 100 cycles.     

Capacitance based mass metering for cryogenic fluids

This paper describes a method for measuring the mass of cryogenic fluids in on-board rocket propellant tanks or ground storage tanks. Linear approximations to the Clausius-Mossotti relationship serve as the foundation for a capacitance based mass sensor, regardless of fluid density stratification or tank shape. Sensor design considerations are presented along with the experimental results for a capacitance based mass gage tested in liquid nitrogen. This test data is shown to be consistent with theory resulting in a demonstrated mass measurement accuracy of ±0.75% and a deviation from linearity of less than ±0.30% of full scale mass. Theoretical accuracies are also shown to be ±0.73% for hydrogen and ±1.39% for oxygen for a select range of pressures and temperatures.     

Equipment using a “static-analytic” method for solubility measurements in potentially hazardous binary mixtures under cryogenic temperatures

A new apparatus designed to study, at cryogenic temperatures, thermodynamic equilibria of potentially explosive binary systems such as hydrocarbon-oxygen mixtures is described herein. This equipment has an equilibrium cell which was especially designed to minimize hazards while allowing accurate phase equilibrium measurements. Reliability of results, obtained with this equipment has been verified by working on the nitrogen-propane system, for which data are already available in literature, over a large range of compositions and at various temperatures. Four isothermal curves describing liquid phase compositions at 109.98, 113.77, 119.75 and 125.63 K have been determined. Our experimental data are represented within 2% in compositions and in pressures through the Peng-Robinson equation of state implying Mathias-Copeman alpha function and Huron-Vidal mixing rule. Comparisons to literature allow pointing out: good agreement is observed with Kremer and Knapp data (1983) while the three sets of Poon and Lu data (1974) presenting systematic positive deviation are consequently judged as suspicious.     

长余辉材料Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25)∶Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)的溶胶凝胶法制备及性能研究

首次研究了以Nd~(3+)离子为辅助激活剂,对Eu~(2+)掺杂的发光材料Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+)余辉性能的影响.用溶胶凝胶法合成了Eu~(2+), Nd~(3+)共掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)发光粉末,并用扫描电镜、X射线衍射计、荧光分光光度计、余辉亮度测试仪、热释光剂量计等手段对粉末样品进行了表征.结果表明,在1350℃得到了单一的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25)相,粉末颗粒平均粒度在1μm左右.Eu~(2+), Nd~(3+)共掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+),Nd~(3+)发光粉末有402和485nm两个发射峰,与Eu~(2+)单掺杂的Sr_4Al_(14)O_(25):Eu~(2+)相比,发射峰位置没有变化,但适量的掺杂可以大大提高余辉时间和余辉亮度,余辉时间可达18h以上.最后通过对热释光谱的分析解释了双掺杂发光粉余辉性能增强的原因,适宜深度的陷阱可以有效存储光能,增强余辉的时间和强度.     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Gas gap thermal switches using neon or hydrogen and sorption pump

The very low pressure obtained thanks to adsorption phenomenon at low temperature can be used to build cryogenic heat switches, which offer the possibility to make or break thermal contact between two parts of a cryogenic system. The ON (conducting) and OFF (insulating) states of the switch are obtained by varying the gas pressure between two copper blocks separated by a gap of 100 μm. This pressure is controlled by acting upon the temperature of a small sorption pump (activated charcoal) connected to the gap space. For a “high” sorption pump temperature, the gas previously adsorbed in the sorption pump is released to the gap between the two blocks, allowing a good thermal conduction through the gas (ON state). On the opposite, cooling the sorption pump allows a very good vacuum between the copper blocks, which efficiently break the thermal contact (OFF state). Experimental thermal characteristics (Conductance in the ON and OFF state, ON-OFF switching temperature) of such a “Gas Gap Heat Switch” are described using hydrogen or neon as exchange gas and are compared with theoretical calculations.     

Percolation and the resistive transition of the critical temperature Tc of Nb3Sn

The relationship between the distribution of the critical temperature, the percolation function, and the resistive transition of the critical temperature is explored for polycrystalline Nb₃Sn. In the neighborhood of the critical temperature, Nb₃Sn is assumed to be a random mixture of superconducting and normal grains. Percolation concepts are applied to a study of the resistivity. A general analysis is made showing that the onset and shape of the resistive transition for composite conductors are determined by the percolation function and the distribution of the critical temperature. An approximate form of the percolation function is determined based on a linear FEM analysis. Example resistive transitions are calculated for an assumed normal distribution of the critical temperature. An argument is presented that relates grain orientation and strain dependence in Nb₃Sn. It is noted that a dependence of the distribution of T_c with strain, in addition to the usual shift in T_c with strain, would be the result of a strain dependence that is a function of grain orientation. The analysis shows the extent to which the slope of the resistive transition is a measure of the distribution of the critical temperature, and therefore a measure of the grain orientation strain sensitivity. Finally, a method is described to determine the percolation function experimentally.     

Liquid helium cryostat for SQUID-based MRI receivers

We describe a liquid helium cryostat, developed to cool SQUID-based receivers in low field MRI systems. The cryostat has a 4 L liquid helium capacity, a hold time of over 3 days and accommodates 10 cm diameter receiver coils. New vacuum insulation methods reduce the noise level by at least an order of magnitude compared to existing commercial designs. The minimum detectable field at 425 kHz, with a 5 cm diameter circular coil, was estimated to be 0.018 fT/Hz^1/2 from Q-factor measurements and 0.035 fT/Hz^1/2 by direct measurement with a SQUID amplifier. Further measurements indicated that most of this field noise probably originates with dielectric losses in the cryostat’s fibreglass shells.