头孢拉定/蒙脱石插层化合物的制备

采用医药级蒙脱石和钠基蒙脱石作载体材料, 通过溶液插层法制备了头孢拉定/蒙脱石插层化合物. 采用紫外分光光度法定量计算其载药量, 采用X射线衍射和傅立叶红外光谱测试定性分析其结构, 研究其层间结构变化情况. 结果表明, 头孢拉定与蒙脱石发生插层反应主要是由于离子交换作用, 简单的物理混合不能使二者发生插层反应. 钠化后的医药级蒙脱石有较好的离子交换特性, 易于发生插层反应. 医药级蒙脱石和头孢拉定在水中进行插层反应后, 蒙脱石的层间距减小; 而钠基蒙脱石和医药级蒙脱石钠化改性后制备的插层化合物层间距均增大.     

蒙脱石有机插层复合物的制备及XRD分析

以辽宁某地钙基蒙脱石为原料,经碳酸钠钠化改型后,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作插层剂对其进行有机插层处理,考察插层剂的最佳用量。采用XRD技术对所研制的蒙脱石有机插层复合物进行分析,结果表明,插层剂用量为120%mmol/100gCEC时所制备的蒙脱石有机插层复合物的插层效果最好。     

TiO_2/硅柱撑蒙脱石复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

利用溶剂化作用,将十二胺和正硅酸四乙酯同时插层进入十六烷基三甲基有机阳离子改性蒙脱石层间,在十二胺的碱性催化作用下,正硅酸四乙酯在蒙脱石层间原位水解得到硅酸及有机物混合插层蒙脱石,将此混合插层化合物在550℃煅烧后得到具有介孔的硅柱撑蒙脱石载体。用此载体负载TiO2在低温下制备得到了TiO2/硅柱撑蒙脱石纳米复合材料,用XRD、TEM和N2低温吸附-脱附等技术对所制备的载体及复合材料进行了表征。以五氯酚钠的光催化降解为探针反应,考察了复合材料的光催化性能。实验结果表明:复合材料的光催化性能较原始钙钠基蒙脱石负载的催化剂光催化性能有较大提高,柱撑蒙脱石和TiO2在光催化反应中存在较大的协同效应。     

钠基与钙基蒙脱石插层牛血清白蛋白的比较研究

蒙脱石负载蛋白质的研究为纳米复合材料开发、药物的负载与缓释等方面研究奠定基础.为了进一步分析蒙脱石不同结构对蛋白质插层蒙脱石的影响,作者根据离子交换的原理,研究了在不同pH值条件下,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)插层钠、钙基蒙脱石的插层效果.研究发现,在pH值低于等电点时,钙基蒙脱石(Ca-MMT)与钠基蒙脱石(Na-MMT)插层效果差异明显;相同pH值下,Na-MMT插入的蛋白质比例高.FT-IR和UV-vis分析都显示蒙脱石颗粒的存在改变了蛋白质的结构;UV-vis分析显示,由于蒙脱石表面助色基作用,共轭效应加强,上清液中的蛋白质214nm吸收峰,产生了明显的红移;氢键等的破坏则导致蛋白质部分螺旋结构消失而使蒙脱石层间缓释出来的蛋白质吸收峰发生明显的蓝移.Ca-MMT与Na-MMT对牛血清白蛋白结构变化的作用程度存在差别.     

聚丙烯/尼龙6/纳米蒙脱石复合材料的制备及热性能研究

采用熔融插层法成功制备了聚丙烯(PP)/尼龙6(PA6)/有机化蒙脱石(OMMT)纳米复合材料.用X-衍射分析(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)观察OMMT层间距的变化和材料的结构,用示差扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TG)研究了其热性能,并考察了纳米复合材料的拉伸强度.研究结果表明,OMMT的层间距由2.200nm扩大到2.800nm,PP/PA6合金高分子链取代了有机化蒙脱石层间的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵而进入到蒙脱石的片层间,加入质量分数为4%的OMMT的复合材料不仅使材料的拉伸强度提高了约15%,还提高了材料的热稳定性,使剩炭率增加了8.1%.     

有机化试剂结构对粘弹性大分子插层蒙脱土的影响

以Gemini季铵盐、十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱和十二烷基三甲基溴化铵为有机化试剂对蒙脱土进行有机化处理和粘弹性大分子插层反应,通过XRD分析测试手段,研究了有机化试剂空间结构大小及可反应基团获得的有机化蒙脱土结构差异,以及粘弹性大分子对不同有机化结构蒙脱土的插层行为,结果表明Gemini季铵盐对蒙脱土进行有机化处理效果最好,粘弹性大分子插层Gemini季铵盐有机化蒙脱土的插层量大于含可反应基团的十六烷基二甲基甜菜碱有机化蒙脱土以及十二烷基三甲基溴化铵有机化蒙脱土的插层量。     

氯丁橡胶/蒙脱石纳米复合材料的研制

以蒙脱石、氯丁橡胶为原料,采用聚合物溶液插层法研究了反应温度、时间和蒙脱石用量对制备氯丁橡胶/蒙脱石纳米复合材料的影响.以X-粉晶衍射法、透射电镜为手段研究了在氯丁橡胶基中有机蒙脱石的插层剥离行为及工艺条件.通过对样品进行分析表征,结果表明,在反应时间72h、温度65℃、蒙脱石含量为4%的条件下,可得到剥离型氯丁橡胶/蒙脱石纳米复合材料.经过混炼硫化,对改性橡胶的力学性能进行测试,结果表明,氯丁橡胶的邵尔A硬度、拉伸强度、定伸应力有明显提高.     

有机蒙脱石增韧聚氯乙烯软制品的研究

通过对蒙脱土进行提纯和插层处理,制得阳离子交换容量为1.09mmol/g、平均直径为2μm、蒙脱石质量分数为95%的片层蒙脱石,再按有机物与片层蒙脱石的质量比为3∶1的比例进行有机化处理,制得有机蒙脱石,并将有机蒙脱石用于增韧聚氯乙烯软制品。结果表明:添加少量的有机蒙脱石对聚氯乙烯软制品的拉伸断裂强度,尤其是弹性模量有明显的增加。在聚氯乙烯中添加3～5质量份的有机蒙脱石对聚氯乙烯的增强效果就显著优于添加30质量份的丙烯腈-丁二烯的共聚物ChemigumP83的增强效果。     

聚合物-蒙脱石纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能

从结构与性能的观点出发,将聚合物-蒙脱石纳米复合材料划分为插层型、层离型和混合型(插层型+层离型),探讨了影响蒙脱石纳米化的因素,提出了蒙脱石纳米化中值得注意的几个问题.     

钛柱撑蒙脱石制备及其光催化降解有机污染物研究进展

用特定离子或离子团(柱化液)全部或部分替代可膨胀粘土矿物层间可交换阳离子,并以金属氧化物柱形式固定于其层间形成一类二维多孔材料--柱撑粘土矿物.柱撑粘土矿物具有永久性介孔孔道、高比表面积、高热稳定性和高表面酸性等性质,在吸附和催化领域有重要应用价值.用蒙脱石与钛柱化液反应可制得钛柱撑蒙脱石.钛柱撑蒙脱石除具有柱撑粘土矿物的共有性质外,还具有光催化特性.结合作者的研究,介绍了钛柱撑蒙脱石的制备方法和影响材料制备的主要因素.从纳米材料和光催化材料的角度,介绍了钛柱撑蒙脱石的物化性能尤其是光催化降解有机物的性能特点.综述了钛柱撑蒙脱石应用于光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展.     

Influence of the structure of a modifier layer on the compatibility of polymers with a modified montmorillonite

The dependence of the compatibility of a modified montmorillonite with different-polarity polymers on the structure of a modifier layer formed on the montmorillonite surface has been investigated. It is shown that the layers forming an ordered structure in the interplane spaces of the clay do not provide an exfoliation of the silicate plates of the clay or a significant intercalation of polymer chains into the interlayer space of the montmorillonite. An optimum structure of a modifier layer, providing a significant intercalation of polymer chains into the interlayer spaces of the montmorillonite and an exfoliation of the clay in its compounds with a maleinized polypropylene, obtained by mixing in a melt, has been determined. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 78, No. 5, pp. 35–40, September–October, 2005.     

Effect of compound organification of montmorillonite on the structure and properties of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites

In this paper, reactive organic montmorillonite (RMMT), prepared with compound alkylammoniums, were used in ternary-monomer solid phase graft copolymerization in order to enhance the melting intercalation of montmorillonite (MMT), stabilize the intercalated structure, and prepare the exfoliated polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/MMT) nanocomposites (PPMN). The structure and properties of PPMN were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), etc. Results show that the compound organification, solid phase graft copolymerization really favored the melting intercalation. The compound organification and exothermic process of the solid phase copolymerization promoted the melting intercalation. The mechanical properties, melt flow rate and Vicat softening point of PPMN significantly had a preferable reinforced state at 6–8 phr PP/MMT graft copolymers (PPGM). The increase of the mechanical properties and thermal properties was owed to the reinforcement of the exfoliated MMT and the compatibilization of the oligomers built by the polar monomers during the solid phase graft copolymerization. The improvement of the fluidity of PPMN derived from the plasticization of the exfoliated MMT and oligomers. Translated from Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 2006, 20(2): 197–202 [译自: 材料研究学报]     

酸化处理对蒙脱土插层反应的影响以及性能表征

利用溶液插层方法对蒙脱土进行了有机化插层处理,通过对蒙脱土进行酸化和有机化两步处理,发现酸化处理不仅能有效地扩大蒙脱土的片层间距,还能有效地增强有机蒙脱土在甲苯、二甲苯等有机溶剂里的相容性。利用TGA、XRD、FT-IR等手段对有机化的蒙脱土内部结构进行了表征,并对酸化机理进行了探究。     

Fabrication and optical properties of photochromic compound/clay hybrid films

A cationic spiropyran iodide derivative (SPI) was synthesized as a photoresponsive compound, and SPI/montmorillonite clay hybrid films were prepared using ion- and guest-exchange intercalation methods. When the ion-exchange method was applied to clay with a low cation-exchange capacity (CEC), intercalation of SPI into clay interlayers did not occur. Using the clay with a high CEC, SPI was intercalated into clay interlayer and the interlayer distances were elongated. Upon UV and visible light irradiation, SPI in hybrid film photoisomerized reversibly and the interlayer distance also changed reversibly. On the other hand, intercalation by the guest-exchange method using cethyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as a pre-exchanging reagent was independent on the CEC. After the addition of SPI, the CTAB in the clay interlayers was exchanged for SPI, but a partial CTAB remained in the interlayer. SPI in the hybrid films prepared by the guest-exchange method photoisomerized reversibly without any change in interplanar distance due to the coexisted CTAB.     

Silver nanoparticles/montmorillonite composites prepared using nitrating reagent at water and glycerol

Three procedures (P) were applied to prepare silver nanoparticles on natural Ca-montmorillonite (MT). The intercalation of the montmorillonite with silver nitrate in aqueous solution (P1), the intercalation of the montmorillonite with silver nitrate in glycerol (P2) and the successive combination of both P1 and P2 methods resulted to P3 method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the molecular modeling were employed to characterize silver nanoparticles and montmorillonite nanocomposite. The P1 produced MT-1 composite with 2.3 wt% Ag and the partially collapsed layered structure. Nanoparticles of silver larger than 20 nm with a lot of planar defects were randomly distributed on the MT-1 surface; nanoparticles smaller than 20 nm were oriented to the montmorillonite substrate. The MT-2 composite from P2 contained only 1 wt% of Ag. The molecular simulation model of MT-2 showed the interlayer space with the exchangeable cations and metallic silver atoms arrangement within the glycerol bilayer. The P3 produced composite MT-3 that contained 2.4 wt% Ag. The nanoparticles > 20 nm size had a well-defined geometry, very small nanoparticles were amorphous. The modeled structure showed the exchangeable cations, Ag+ and Ag0 located close to the silicate layers and monolayer of glycerol molecules in the interlayer space.     

Preparation for a new intercalated compound of acrylamide monomers and their in-situ polymerization in layered double hydroxides

A new intercalation compound based on Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) with polymerizable acrylamide (AM) which cannot be synthesized by direct coprecipitation reaction, was achieved via in-situ hydrothermal method with the existence of glycine. The well-crystallized AM-intercalated Mg/Al-LDH was characterized by XRD, FTIR, DTA and scanning electronic microscopy. Basal spacing of the Mg/Al-LDH intercalation compound is 1.32 nm. Polymerization of AM incorporated into Mg/Al-LDH interlayer space occurs after 160 °C heat treatment, which indicates that the preparation of PAM/LDH nanocomposite is feasible via in-situ polymerization route.     

环氧树脂与蒙脱土的插层复合研究

报导了一种新型的环氧树脂／蒙脱土插层复合材料。通过阳离子交换的方法将蒙脱土进行有机化处理,使蒙脱土的片层间距从原来的１．３１ｎｍ增加到２．０１ｎｍ。分别用熔融法、溶剂超声法制备了环氧树脂／蒙脱土的插层复合材料,并用ＳＲＤ方法及ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ对体系进行了表征。结果表明,环氧树脂／蒙脱土插层体系具有一定的触变性。７．５份蒙脱土插层改性的环氧树脂体系其屈服应力为６３Ｐａ,在高温固化时不会流淌。     

pH sensitive organic-inorganic layered nanomaterials by self-assembly of indigocarmine between the inorganic layers

New pH sensitive organic-inorganic intercalation compounds having different interlayer spacing were prepared. Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) is an anion exchangeable inorganic layered compound whose interlayer spacing is 0.76 nm. In the reactions of indigocarmine (IDC) with the calcined Zn-Al LDH at pH = 7 (LDH-IDC7), interlayer spacing increased to 2.25 nm. The interlayer spacing of LDH-IDC7 decreased to 1.89 nm by the treatment in basic solution. In the reaction of IDC with the calcined Zn-Al LDH at pH = 10 (LDH-IDC10), interlayer spacing of the intercalation compounds was 1.89 nm. The interlayer spacing of these intercalation compounds was changed reversibly by the treatments in acidic or basic solution.     

Special assembly of laminated nanocomposite that mimics nacre

Assembly of organic–inorganic nanocomposite with nacre-like structure has long been considered a valuable bio-inspired route to design materials with excellent mechanical properties. However, effective control of nanostructure and organic content concurrently is a key problem. In this research, a special assembly method—hydrothermal–electrophoretic assembly was introduced into preparing nanocomposite that mimics nacre, both in structure and composition. The two-step assembly process included intercalation of polymer into interlayer space of montmorillonite by hydrothermal process and the subsequent electrophoretic deposition. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electronic microscopy were employed to characterize the structure and composition of the films. Reduced Young's modulus was determined by nanoindentation. Results showed that by constructing brick-and-mortar nanostructure, reduced Young's modulus of the composite film was effectively enhanced even when organic content was low.     

六氢吡啶对α-磷酸氢锆的插层研究

α-磷酸氢锆α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O是一类典型的层状结构的多功能材料,本文首次报道了非芳香杂环化合物六氢吡啶对α-ZrP的插层反应.用元素分析,红外光谱(IR)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和TG-DSC热分析对α-ZrP的插层复合物α-ZrP-HHP进行了表征.研究表明,六氢吡啶的插入使层间距增大0.59nm,插入的六氢吡啶客体分子在主体底物中形成双层分子,一个α-ZrP分子刚好接受一个六氢吡啶分子.