两性离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物水煤浆分散剂的合成及性能

以腐殖酸(HA)、烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)等为原料,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液自由基聚合原理,制备出了一种新型两性离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物水煤浆分散剂——HA-SAS-DMDAAC(HSC).通过红外光谱、热重分析和差示扫描量热分析等对聚合物的结构及热力学性能进行了表征和分析,并考察了阳离子单体用量、引发剂用量、反应温度等对水煤浆性能的影响.优化的工艺条件为:m(DMDAAC)∶m(SAS)∶m(HA)=0.3∶1.0∶2.0,引发剂用量7.0wt%,反应温度80℃.结果表明,两性离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物分散剂(HSC)比阴离子型腐殖酸接枝共聚物分散剂(HS)具有更好的降黏效果,并明显增强了浆体的静态稳定性.     

萘油馏分合成水煤浆分散剂的试验研究

用高温煤焦油中的萘油馏分作为原料合成了水煤浆分散剂，采用正交试验法，考察了磺化剂用量、磺化时间、缩合剂用量以及缩合时间对分散剂性能的影响。结果表明，缩合剂用量影响最显著，磺化时间次之，缩合时间影响最小，最佳合成条件为：在75g的萘油馏分中，加入磺化剂30mL，在160℃下磺化2h，加入缩合剂25mL，在105℃下缩合1.5h。     

不同水煤浆添加剂与煤之间的相互作用规律研究--分散剂用量对水煤浆流变特性的影响(Ⅳ)

用6种分散剂和6种不同变质程度的煤进行了成浆实验以研究分散剂的用量对水煤浆(CWS)流变特性的影响．结果表明，分散剂的种类和用量不仅影响CWS的表观黏度而且还影响其流变特性．分散剂用量过多或过少都会增加CWS的表观黏度，但不同分散剂的最佳用量范围不同，这主要取决于分散剂的结构、性质及其与煤粒间的相互作用特征．分散剂用量主要关系到煤粒表面改性的程度；分散剂的种类主要影响到改性煤粒表面的结构特征．     

水煤浆助剂的研究

本文综合了作者在水煤浆助剂方面研究的最新成果。大量试验表明,助剂X在改善各类水煤浆分散剂性能和提高难制浆煤种的成浆性方面,取得了令人满意的效果。     

复配添加剂对水煤浆性能的影响

选用三种商用分散剂与造纸黑液磺化、缩合处理液,通过复配使用研究了表面张力的变化以及对水煤浆性能的影响,实验结果表明,添加剂之间的匹配直接影响水煤浆的性能,合理的添加剂复配可明显提高水煤浆的性能。     

双官能团超分散剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶液聚合法,以水为溶剂、丙烯酸和烯丙醇为功能单体、K2S2O8-NaHSO3氧化还原体系为引发剂,合成了一种双官能团的超分散剂．主要探讨了不同单体配比对超分散剂分散性能的影响．研究结果表明,具有双官能团的超分散剂的分散性能优于常规聚丙烯酸钠分散剂,其中烯丙醇质量分数为55％时的分散性能最优．     

多孔活性磷酸钙悬浮聚合分散剂的制备及性能研究

以碳酸钙和磷酸为原料制备活性磷酸钙悬浮聚合分散剂。用SEM、XRD、BET氮吸附等对产物进行表征。结果表明,制得的活性磷酸钙分散剂具有多孔结构,堆密度小,比表面积大,粒度均匀,微粒间不易团聚。较佳的合成条件为：碳酸钙水悬浮液的固含量90 g/L、磷酸浓度1.0 mol/L、反应/陈化温度50 ℃、陈化时间3 h,所制得的多孔悬浮聚合分散剂的比表面积为106.8 m2/g,约为日本及市售国产活性磷酸钙分散剂比表面积的1.5～1.8倍。在苯乙烯悬浮聚合中的应用结果表明,多孔结构的磷酸钙分散剂表面活性高,悬浮分散性和稳定性优良,能显著提高聚苯乙烯珠粒的质量。     

分散剂在煤表面吸附膜厚度的研究

本文采用Ｘ光电子能谱加氩离子刻蚀法，测出三种分散剂在煤表面吸附膜的近似厚度。发现它和分散剂效能有极好的相关性。讨论了作用机理和结构上的特点。     

工业废水水煤浆性能的研究

研究了用焦化厂3种工业废水制备的水煤浆的性能并与自来水制备的水煤浆的性能进行了比较，结果表明，用3种工业废水可以制备出性能较好的水煤浆，而且，某些废水制出的水煤浆在性能上，特别是稳定性上好于用自来水制出的水煤浆。     

磺化腐植酸-甲醛-磺化丙酮聚合物合成及性能研究

以腐植酸为起始原料,采用先磺化、再与甲醛及磺化丙酮进行缩聚反应,合成了一种新型缩合型腐植酸水煤浆分散剂.通过红外光谱(IR)、热重(TGA)对其结构进行了表征,对分散剂应用于彬长煤制备水煤浆的性能进行了研究,并考察了目标产物水溶液对煤粒表面的动态接触角、与煤粒复合体系的Zeta电位、水煤浆的流变性能和稳定性等的影响.结果表明,该腐植酸水煤浆分散剂用量为0.3%(对干基煤质量),且获得的水煤浆浓度为67%时,其表观黏度为930mPa·s左右,且水煤浆的流变性和稳定性等性能较理想.     

Synthesis,characterization and application of a dispersant based on rosin for coal-water slurry

A rosin derivative and maleopimaric acid diethanolamide (MAD), was synthesized, characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR, and applied as dispersant for the coal-water slurry (CWS) prepared from Chinese Shenfu coal. The CWS application performance investigation shows that the MAD dispersant has better abilities in reducing CWS viscosity and stabilizing the slurry than a commercial dispersant—sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensate (SNF). The physicochemical property investigation of the two tested dispersants shows that the adsorption amount of the MAD at coal-water interface is much larger than that of SNF, and the MAD has better wetting property than the SNF on the coal surface. It indicated that the excellent capabilities of MAD are related to the adsorption mode of standing upright on the coal surface. Based on the above, the mechanism of dispersion and stabilization of the CWS prepared from MAD dispersant is presented.     

Effect of the benzene ring of the dispersant on the rheological characteristics of coal-water slurry: Experiments and theoretical calculations

In this study,low-rank coal-water slurry(LCWS) was prepared using polyoxyethylene dodecylphenol ether(PDPE) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether(PLE),respectively.A combination of experiments and simulations was used to investigate the pulping properties and microscopic mechanism of the LCWS samples prepared using the two agents,so as to explore the influence of benzene ring on the performance of dispersant.The results of the LCWS preparation experiments revealed that the pulp-forming performance of PDPE exceeded that of PLE.When LCWS concentration is 62%,64%,and 66%,the apparent viscosity corresponding to PDPE is 247.80,504.17,and 653.10 mPa·s,and the apparent viscosity corresponding to PLE is 548.10,1470.61,and 1549.98 mPa·s,respectively.The C_(1000)(When the apparent viscosity is 1000 mPa·s,the corresponding concentration of LCWS is defined as C_(1000)) values of PDPE and PLE are 67.60% and 62.95%,respectively.In addition to the van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds between the PDPE and/or PLE molecules and coal,the benzene rings of PDPE present π-π stacking effect with the aromatic rings of coal.That could facilitate and strengthen the adsorption of PDPE on coal,which would be conducive to further improving the dispersion of coal particles.The two dispersants have no significant difference in effect on the pyrolysis of LCWS.The simulation results indicated that the times for PDPE and PLE molecules to reach flat adsorption state on coal are approximately 290 and 565 ps,respectively.The self-diffusion coefficient(D) of the PDPE and PLE on coal is 3.16 x 10~(-6) and6.57×10~(-6) m~2/s,respectively,and their interaction energies with coal are 785.71 and 648.60 kcal/mol,respectively.The results of the simulation calculations demonstrated that PDPE adsorbed on coal easier than PLE,and its binding is more stable than that of PLE owing to the π-π stacking effect,which is conducive to uniform dispersion of coal in solution.The simulation results confirmed the experimental results.     

不同分子量磺化丙酮-甲醛缩聚物在煤上的吸附及水煤浆流变性能

以丙酮、甲醛及亚硫酸钠为原料,采用磺化缩聚法,通过控制缩合时间和温度合成了一系列具有不同分子量的磺化丙酮-甲醛(SAF)水煤浆分散剂,并对其分子结构进行了表征,证明了它是一个含有磺酸基和羟基亲水基团的脂肪族柔性链高分子.同时研究了它们对彬长煤的吸附和水煤浆流变性能的影响,并与萘系进行了对比.结果表明,相对分子量适中(Mw=38 541)的SAF-2对水煤浆的分散降黏性最好,其分散性和稳定性均优于萘系分散剂;通过吸附等温线的测定,得出SAF在彬长煤上呈Langmuir单分子层吸附,且SAF分子量越小,其吸附能力K越大,吸附量也越大;用Herschel-Bulkley模型对浆体流变曲线进行拟合,发现不同分子量的SAF水煤浆体都呈现"剪切变稀"的流变特性,为假塑性流体,且分子量适中的SAF-2流动指数最大,吸附量与水煤浆流动性密切相关.     

印染退浆废水制备水煤浆的实验研究

利用印染退浆废水制备了水煤浆,研究了印染生产中两种退浆剂NaOH和H2O2与淀粉、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)3种不同浆料产生的退浆废水对水煤浆成浆性能的影响.结果表明,NaOH作为退浆剂时,3种浆料废水制备的水煤浆黏度随着NaOH浓度的增加,呈现先升后降再升的趋势,且NaOH浓度为3.9～5.0g/L时3种退浆废水水煤浆黏度最大,而NaOH浓度为7.0～11.0g/L时水煤浆黏度最小;在NaOH和H2O2联合作用退浆时,随着H2O2的加入,3种水煤浆的黏度先速降后趋平缓,在H2O2浓度为2.5～6.5g/L时,3种水煤浆黏度出现相似较低值.     

Artificial neural network approach for rheological characteristics of coal-water slurry using microwave pre-treatment

Detailed experimental investigations were carried out for microwave pre-treatment of high ash Indian coal at high power level(900 W) in microwave oven. The microwave exposure times were fixed at60 s and 120 s. A rheology characteristic for microwave pre-treatment of coal-water slurry(CWS) was performed in an online Bohlin viscometer. The non-Newtonian character of the slurry follows the rheological model of Ostwald de Waele. The values of n and k vary from 0.31 to 0.64 and 0.19 to 0.81 Pa·sn,respectively. This paper presents an artificial neural network(ANN) model to predict the effects of operational parameters on apparent viscosity of CWS. A 4-2-1 topology with Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm(trainlm) was selected as the controlled ANN. Mean squared error(MSE) of 0.002 and coefficient of multiple determinations(R~2) of 0.99 were obtained for the outperforming model. The promising values of correlation coefficient further confirm the robustness and satisfactory performance of the proposed ANN model.     

改性木质素磺酸盐作染料分散剂的研究

在碱性条件下,木质素磺酸盐经过磺化和磺甲基化缩合制备改性染料分散剂。最佳磺化条件为磺化剂质量分数50%,温度50℃,缩合剂质量分数50%,缩合时间3h,产物分散性达到62.6%;最佳磺甲基化条件为磺化剂质量分数50%,温度70℃,缩合剂质量分数为20%,缩合时间为3h,分散性达到55.5%。通过FT-IR对改性产物结构进行了表征,证明了反应的进行。     

新型水煤浆喷嘴试验研究与应用

本文提出了一种新型水煤浆喷嘴──撞击式多级雾化水煤浆喷嘴，该喷嘴雾化质量高，气耗率低，防堵性能好，使用寿命长，且具有良好的负荷调节性能。     

CuO-containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes:a novel catalyst for the catalytic ozonation of humic acid in water

CuO particles were attempted to fill in the channel of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as novel catalytic materials CuO@MWCNTs used for ozonation of humic acids (HA) in aqueous solution.Catalyst samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The removal efficiency of HA was promoted in the presence of CuO@MWCNTs compared with that of Al2O3-supported CuO catalyst (CuO/Al2O3) and CuO-coating MWCNTs catalyst (CuO/MWCNTs).The strong synergetic effect in the confinement environment on CuO nanoparticles can attribute to the locally higher pressure due to the lower potential energy of reactants in the channels.Strong interaction happened between the catalyst and reactants,which promoted the decomposition of ozone and the generation of OH.The results of experimental and theoretical investigation confirmed that CuO@MWCNTs promotes the initiation and generation of OH,hence accelerating the degradation of organic pollutants.