提高供应商质量的企业激励策略研究——以生产制造型企业A公司为例

供应链时代,供应商激励策略的研究成为提高供应商质量的关键问题。以国内输送带制造型企业A公司为例,分析供应商质量不稳定的原因以及对于A公司的影响,在这个基础上研究了提高供应商质量的激励因素并制定实施了相关的供应商激励策略。采用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方式,通过向A公司供应商发放问卷和对A公司员工进行内部访问获得数据,使用统计学的方法分析不同激励策略对于提高供应商质量的影响,以此来确定提高供应商质量的激励策略。研究成果将为中国制造型企业在供应链环境下提高供应商质量提供参考,从而帮助企业提高产品质量和运营效率。     

供应不确定下制造商的采购策略:回收或双渠道采购

在考虑供应商供应不确定的情形下,构建制造商在不同市场结构下的采购策略选择模型,研究发现:①垄断市场中,当供应不确定性较大时,制造商会选择回收策略;当供应商的不确定性较小时,制造商选择双渠道采购。②竞争市场中对比制造商的均衡利润发现,当供应商供应不确定性大时,两制造商均选择回收策略达到纳什均衡;当供应不确定性处于中间水平时,两制造商选择差异化的采购策略更有利可图;当供应商供应不确定性小时,上游供应商之间的竞争激烈,双渠道采购为市场的均衡策略。此外,还探讨了供应不确定性的变化对制造商的利润影响。     

供应中断和需求扰动下供应链竞合关系研究

考虑供应中断和需求扰动情境下2个供应商和1个零售商组成的两级供应链系统,构建了合作、静态非合作、嵌套式静态非合作3个博弈模型,分析集中式、分散式供应商竞争与合作情形下的零售商采购策略与供应商定价策略。研究表明,当市场需求增大时,分散式供应商合作情形下供应链整体利润最高;当市场需求减少时,集中式供应链整体利润最高。当权衡供应商订货成本与产品供应稳定性时,零售商倾向与相对稳定的供应商合作;当供需同时不确定时,仅较稳定的供应商受影响。     

不确定需求下的两周期电信供应链订货策略

以电信业为背景,在不确定需求下研究了两周期电信供应链的投资决策和订货策略.考虑供应商第1周期投资可以减小第2周期成本,建立了两周期二级供应链订货模型,分析了3种订货策略:集中式供应链订货策略、供应商占主导地位的订货策略和制造商占主导地位的订货策略.分别给出了不同订货策略下的最优订货量和收益分享比例,并比较了不同订货策略下的订货量.结果表明集中式决策下的订货量总是介于2种分散式决策下订货量之间,制造商对订货策略的选择不依赖于供应商的投资行为,而供应商对订货策略的选择依赖于投资所能减小的单位成本的大小.     

制造型企业采购-供应协调管理策略研究

对制造企业如何与供应商建立协调管理的机制进行了探讨,分析了单点接触的交易式采购—供应关系与多点接触的合作型采购供应关系的不同特点,剖析了目前我国制造企业采购管理存在的主要问题,指出我国企业采购—供应协调管理的薄弱环节是内部管理、关系管理、信息共享和运作设计四个方面,根据这四个方面的改善要求,构建了一个多点接触的合作型采购—供应协作策略四阶段模型,最后以一个公司的采购—供应管理作为例子,探讨了优化采购—供应协作管理的策略。     

基于多源供应的弹性供应网络研究

首先建立了只考虑成本的供应网络基本模型,在此基础上,提出单供应商供应量限制参数实现了多源供应,并且引入期望容忍服务水平,建立了考虑供应商可靠性的弹性供应网络模型并进行算例验证.研究结论表明:和传统模型相比,该模型能降低供应网络中断数量,提高输出均值,降低输出标准差,从而提高供应网络的弹性.     

“机器换人”财政补贴方式和补贴策略优化

基于博弈论方法,研究了"机器换人"的两种财政补贴方式下政府补贴资金的最优分配及其效率。首先,分别在定比和定额两种补贴方式下建立了"政府-设备供应商-设备应用企业"三方序贯博弈模型,从而得出了在两种补贴方式下政府补贴资金在供应链成员即设备供应商和应用企业之间的最佳分配方案;然后在最优分配方案下对两种补贴的影响和补贴资金使用效率进行了分析和比较;最后,针对两种补贴方式的特点提出了"机器换人"财政补贴建议。研究表明,定比补贴下政府补贴资金在设备供应商和应用企业之间的最佳分配方案是将补贴全部分配给应用企业,而在定额补贴下政府可以将补贴以任意比例在设备供应商和应用企业之间分配;并且定额补贴的资金使用效率高于定比补贴。     

基于演化博弈模型的供应链利他偏好动态演进研究

考虑供应链成员利他偏好行为和动态演进特征,分别在线性需求和非线性需求下建立相应的供应链决策模型。首先在短期内通过计算博弈支付矩阵对零供双方的均衡策略进行分析,其次在长期内运用演化博弈理论对零供双方进行单独演化分析、交互演化分析,最后将2种需求条件下供应链成员均衡策略进行比较,进而研究零售商利他偏好对供应链长期决策的影响。研究结果表明,短期内,供应商均衡策略依赖于零售商策略,而零售商均衡策略不受供应商影响且总是采取“偏好利他”策略;长期内,2种需求条件下零供博弈的均衡策略均为供应商采取“激励”策略、零售商采取“偏好利他”策略。此外,零售商利他偏好能提高供应商利润并使零售商实现效用最大化,进一步促进双方合作。     

现代供应链背景下的供应链分类分级研究

该文在电网企业物资和供应商管理需求的指导下,将供应商分类分级模型与实际电网企业供应商管理工作相结合,进行了现代供应链背景下的供应商分类分级模型的研究,旨在提升供应商管理的效率。主要任务为针对供应商分类分级的评价指标、模型以及算法进行探索。因此,该文以现代供应链背景下的供应链分类分级研究作为研究对象,先分析了供应商评价体系构建的相关内容,即分析了电网企业物资分类和供应商评价指标库。又详细解析了供应商评价模型指标权重研究,并将供应商评优划分为供应商分类分级评优、突出贡献评优及供应商专项评优3个方面进行说明。供应商分类分级评优主要是从物资分类（战略物资、杠杆物资、瓶颈物资和普通物资）、供应商分级及分类分级评优3个方面制定相应的评优规则。希望通过该研究协助供应商管理决策的制定,并持续提升电网企业供应商管理的整体水平。     

供应链视角下工程材料库存优化研究

目的为了达到节约工程建设行业企业材料管理成本的目的,以常用的2种工程材料钢材和水泥存储于同一仓库且由同一供应商供货的库存管理为研究对象进行研究。方法分析承包商采购材料情形下,供应商和承包商基于合作伙伴关系实现库存信息共享,建立2种材料两级库存联合库存成本优化的数学模型,并通过工程实例,运用粒子群算法求解,验证研究方法的有效性。结果不同的材料订购策略对工程供应链上的材料库存成本影响很大,数学模型可以给出恰当的订购策略,满足系统成本的最低要求,从而节约成本,提升工程供应链的整体竞争力。结论研究成果丰富了工程供应链管理理论、工程材料的库存管理理论,并对工程建设实践中的材料采购有一定的指导意义。     

物流公共信息平台治理机制对治理绩效的影响

构建了物流公共信息平台治理机制、治理能力和治理绩效的关系模型,并利用结构方程对模型进行了检验。结果表明:正式契约通过影响协调能力和创造知识能力来影响平台的治理能力,而对整合能力无直接影响;非正式关系与治理能力的三个维度有正相关关系;治理能力的三个维度与治理绩效有正相关关系。     

Dual-effects of core enterprise management and media attention on occupational health and safety of small and medium suppliers in China

This study examines the construction of an occupational health and safety (OHS) governance model for small- and medium-sized suppliers (SMSs) impacted by the dual effects of core enterprises' management and media attention. The objective of this research is to improve the social governance effect of SMSs' OHS. Drawing on evolutionary economics, an evolutionary game model with three main players—core enterprises, SMSs, and media—is established, and the conditions of each entity's evolutionary stability strategy are analyzed. The results show that the evolution trend for any party is closely related to the strategic choices of the other two parties. Further, a model for SMSs' OHS governance with focus on core enterprise management and media attention can be effectively built by reducing the costs of core enterprise management, enhancing the probability of accurate media reporting, decreasing the OHS input cost of SMSs, increasing the expected exposure returns of the media, and reducing the media's investigation cost. This study is the first to consider the important influence of core enterprises and the media on SMSs' OHS behavior, which bridges the research gap not only from a theoretical perspective, but also a practical one.     

Owl meets beehive: how impact assessment and governance relate

This article analyses the complex relationship between impact assessments (IAs) of all types (such as comprehensive, regulatory, economic, social or environmental IAs) and their governance environment, using an analytical framework based on the concepts of governance styles and metagovernance. It is argued that each governance system builds on specific values, traditions and history and produces specific mixtures of hierarchical, network and market styles of governance (with or without an explicit metagovernance approach). Although governance can be considered as a non-normative perspective on polity and politics, the normative dimension of governance practice results in, for example, conflicting convictions about which type of knowledge or ‘evidence’ is valid for IA processes. This is particularly relevant because IAs have an important role in improving the knowledge base of governance. The concrete governance system in a specific country or other administrative entity influences the design and governance of IA systems positively or negatively, which leads to a variety of challenges. The conclusion is drawn that understanding the governance context and its dynamics can help improving IA governance.     

What makes outsourcing effective? A transaction-cost economics analysis

This study extends the discussion of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and outsourcing to the selection of governance mechanisms for an effective outsourcing transaction. Specifically, our objective is to provide a better understanding as to how firms follow up on their outsourcing decisions to enhance manufacturing competitiveness through the governance mechanism, such as contract and relational adaptation (buyer-supplier cooperation). A TCE-based outsourcing model is developed to depict the relationships among key TCE variables, transaction attributes, governance mechanisms, and manufacturing competitiveness. Based on the data collected from 969 manufacturing plants in 17 countries, we found significant mediated effects from contractual clauses and relational adaptation. Firms in our sample rely on either or both types of governance mechanisms to safeguard uncertainties and opportunism inherent in outsourcing, which enhances manufacturing competitiveness. The important managerial and research implication is that, for making an outsourcing decision, it is insufficient to merely examine the transaction attributes without recognising how various forms of governance mechanisms can be implemented to enhance outsourcing effectiveness.     

高质量发展导向的文博文创设计治理体系研究

为满足国家治理现代化建设、解决文博文创产业实际问题、顺应博物馆学与设计学发展等多方面的需要,从设计学视角对治理研究理论进行了审视,搭建了数条有助于治理研究与设计学理论交流的通道,并将设计治理分为对设计活动的治理、通过设计活动来治理两种,整合了国内外设计治理的不同含义。通过对文化治理内核的分析,分解了文博文创设计治理的目标,再结合对博物馆高质量发展的国家任务和文博文创产业实际问题的深入剖析,进一步明确了文博文创的设计治理对象,通过对设计治理工具的补充优化,为文博文创设计治理的下一步工作提供了治理工具包的选择建议。明确了文博文创设计治理的内涵与外延,研究了面向高质量发展的文博文创产业设计治理体系,为该领域研究奠定了前期基础,对未来研究也具有启发价值。     

视觉提示刺激对听觉掩蔽效应的影响

传统用于声音压缩编码的掩蔽效应模型是在单一听觉模式下获得的,而现今的多媒体技术是视听交互模式。在有视觉刺激情况下,人耳声音的掩蔽特性是否会发生变化？为了研究视觉刺激对听觉掩蔽效应的影响,从视觉与听觉心理的相互关联性入手进行了窄带噪声掩蔽纯音和宽带噪声掩蔽纯音两类心理声学实验。实验采用恒定刺激法,在听觉判断的同时给被试呈现三种不同提示状态的视觉刺激,对在200~7700Hz的频率范围内的噪声掩蔽阈值进行实验测定,并将结果与无视觉状态的实验结果相比较。对实验结果进行了信度检验、效度分析和显著性分析之后,利用相关视觉提示促进理论和注意能量分散理论对实验结果进行了理论解析。     

公司治理视角下基于VPRS的公司经营困境预警

从公司治理的角度,构建了一套比较全面的综合预警指标体系。以2006-2009年首次被ST的160家上市公司及其配对公司作为研究样本,基于变精度粗糙集理论(VPRS),分别构建仅包含财务指标和包含所有指标的上市公司经营困境预警模型。通过理论分析和实证研究发现:健康公司和困境公司在早期的公司治理方面就存在着显著差异,晚期差异逐渐减小;加入公司治理变量后的变精度粗糙集模型的预测精度得到了提高;仅包含财务数据的模型在经营困境的晚期预测精度较高,早期预测效果不佳;对早期预测来说,包含财务指标和公司治理指标等多方面因素的模型更加适合。     

Comparative study of mid-infrared fibers for modal filtering

We compare the filtering capabilities of two infrared fibers developed to achieve a high rejection ratio of the higher order modes in order to obtain compact modal filters devoted to stellar interferometry. Two types of double-clad fibers are studied: a fiber with a second thin absorbing cladding and a fiber with a second thick absorbing cladding closer to the fiber core; both are single mode around the CO(2) band (10.6 μm). We present the single-mode spectral domain and the nulling capabilities of both fibers for different fiber lengths, comparing simulations with experimental results. We show that the filtering capabilities are improved when the absorbing clad is closer to the fiber core, as the propagation distance needed to filter out these modes is shorter. Thus, to obtain high rejection ratios in compact devices, an absorbing cladding close to the core of the fiber is compulsory in order to suppress cladding modes that could eventually recouple into the waveguide. We present an empirical model that allows determining the minimum filter length, considering only one effective leaky mode with low attenuation, which considerably simplifies the theoretical studies.     

Foreign Direct Investment vs. Foreign Portfolio Investment

• We examine the effect of a country??s governance environment on the foreign investment it attracts. We classify countries based on the dominant mode of governance into three types: (1) rule-based (strong public rule of law), (2) relation-based (weak rule of law and strong informal networks), and (3) family-based (absence of both public rules and informal networks).
• We then examine how different governance types affect foreign investment patterns among 45 countries. Our main argument is that the choice of investment??direct or portfolio??is influenced by the type of property protection associated with different governance modes.
• We find that rule-based countries attract the lowest amount of FDI relative to the total amount of foreign investment, and they have the largest stock market size relative to their economies.
• Our study contributes to the foreign investment literature by bringing the governance environment into the equation and more successfully explaining why some countries have relatively large foreign direct investment ratios and relatively small foreign portfolio investment ratios.

     

钢箱提篮拱桥整桥模态试验研究

随着大型柔性桥梁建设的迅速发展 ,其长期安全运行的健康监测的评估得到很大关注。通过试验模态分析对验证设计、建立结构的动力学模型以及桥梁安全运行状态的评估具有重要意义。拱桥桥面主梁与拱结构耦合振动 ,其模态试验比斜拉桥更加困难。本文通过我国首座建成的云南小湾钢箱提篮拱桥模态试验和竣工试验 ,提出了一种节省试验成本的基于环境激励下桥梁模态试验方法 ,取得了拱桥整体振动的较为正确的模态频率、阻尼及较理想振型 ,与有限元计算基本吻合。