STUDY OF EXTRACTION METHODS FOR HIGH-ASH COAL USING LOW-BOILING EXTRACTING AGENTS. 2.MECHANICAL STIRRING METHODS

ABSTRACT

The quality, as well as the quantity of coal-derived liquids are Investigated using low-boiling extracting agents and mechanical stirring. A broad range of solvents with different boiling point and polarities are studied in order to generate the desired coal-derived material. Several experimental conditions are shown to be critical: the nature of solvent, solvent-to- coal ratio and the volume of washing solvent. The method is shown to be reliable for generating coal-derived products, since it is performed under mild experimental conditions and generates amounts of material comparable to Soxhlet extraction procedures in much less time. In addition, it is cheap, easy to perform, fast and reproducible.     

STUDY OF EXTRACTION METHODS FOR HIGH-ASH COAL USING LOW-BOILING EXTRACTING AGENTS. I. SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION

The quality, as well as the quantity, of coal-derived liquids are investigated using low-boiling extracting agents in solid phase extraction (SPE). A broad range of solvents with different boiling point and polarity are studied in order to generate the desired coal-derived material. The column is packed with the coal under investigation and a sequence of solvents used to desorb the organic material trapped in the carbonaceous matrix. It is shown that the nature of the solvent, the solvent-to-coal ratio and the coal mesh size must be carefully controlled. The method is shown to be reliable for generating coal-derived products since it is performed under mild experimental conditions and generates amounts of material comparable to Soxhlet extraction procedures in much less time. In addition, it is cheap, easy to perform, fast and reproducible.     

STUDY OF EXTRACTION METHODS FOR HIGH-ASH COAL USING LOW-BOILING EXTRACTING AGENTS. I. SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION

ABSTRACT

The quality, as well as the quantity, of coal-derived liquids are investigated using low-boiling extracting agents in solid phase extraction (SPE). A broad range of solvents with different boiling point and polarity are studied in order to generate the desired coal-derived material. The column is packed with the coal under investigation and a sequence of solvents used to desorb the organic material trapped in the carbonaceous matrix. It is shown that the nature of the solvent, the solvent-to-coal ratio and the coal mesh size must be carefully controlled. The method is shown to be reliable for generating coal-derived products since it is performed under mild experimental conditions and generates amounts of material comparable to Soxhlet extraction procedures in much less time. In addition, it is cheap, easy to perform, fast and reproducible.     

A PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-PURE PRECURSORS FROM COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VALUE-ADDED CARBON PRODUCTS - PREPARATION OF AN EXTRACT

Solvent extraction is a potential technique for the production of coal-derived extracts which may be suitable as precursors for value-added carbon products. At present. the development of new and non-conventional markets for coal has resulted in the exploration of new applications such as slurry fuels, coal-based graphites, carbon-carbon composites and carbon anodes. However, for carbon products to perform acceptably in such applications, the ash content of the precursor must be less than 0.1%. Although, work to produce a low-ash (ca. 0.2%), low-sulfur coal-derivcd material had begun about a decade ago through solvent extraction using the solvent NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), it was practically impossible to produce a coal-dcrivcd extract containing less than 0.2% ash. This is due to the presence of ultra-fine mineral matter particles and solvent soluble inorganic species. The principal objective of the present work was to investigate techniques for the separation of the coal-derived extract from the NMP-coal suspension after solvent extraction and to produce a ultra low-ash precursor. The significant     

A PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ULTRA-PURE PRECURSORS FROM COAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF VALUE-ADDED CARBON PRODUCTS - PREPARATION OF AN EXTRACT

ABSTRACT

Solvent extraction is a potential technique for the production of coal-derived extracts which may be suitable as precursors for value-added carbon products. At present. the development of new and non-conventional markets for coal has resulted in the exploration of new applications such as slurry fuels, coal-based graphites, carbon-carbon composites and carbon anodes. However, for carbon products to perform acceptably in such applications, the ash content of the precursor must be less than 0.1%. Although, work to produce a low-ash (ca. 0.2%), low-sulfur coal-derivcd material had begun about a decade ago through solvent extraction using the solvent NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), it was practically impossible to produce a coal-dcrivcd extract containing less than 0.2% ash. This is due to the presence of ultra-fine mineral matter particles and solvent soluble inorganic species. The principal objective of the present work was to investigate techniques for the separation of the coal-derived extract from the NMP-coal suspension after solvent extraction and to produce a ultra low-ash precursor. The significant     

孤北斜坡带煤成气成藏条件分析

孤北斜坡带石炭-二叠系煤系地层分布广泛，煤质优良，演化程度适中，具有形成煤成气藏的物质基础，已有多口井发现了煤成气藏。早期对研究区煤成气资源评价、勘探目标评价的研究取得一些水平较高的成果，但同时也存在一些问题有待深入研究，如煤成气成藏条件、控制因素、下步勘探方向等。文章在系统分析该地区构造特征、气源、储层、盖层条件及成藏控制因素的基础上，阐述了孤北煤成气的成藏条件，指出研究区煤成气成藏的3个主控因素，①储层沉积微相控制储层物性，是获得高产的重要条件；②中生界底部含煤层系控制石炭-二叠系煤成气藏的分布；③构造控制气藏富集。通过总结研究区煤成气的成藏条件和主控因素，指明孤北斜坡带南部是近期煤成气钻探方向，并结合地震资料评价了有利勘探目标。     

原油蜡含量测定方法比较

 对四种测定原油蜡含量标准方法进行了比较,发现得到的结果差别明显,并具有一定的规律性。四种方法测定原油蜡含量的数值从大到小顺序为UOP 46> SY/T 0537 >SY/T 7550>ГОСТ 11851。产生这些差别的原因主要是四种标准方法的脱蜡条件及脱蜡溶剂的组成都有一些不同,每种脱蜡溶剂在相应脱蜡条件下对蜡的溶解性不同造成的。对所得蜡样品组成分析结果表明,蜡的溶解性差异主要来自于小于C25的正构烷烃和所有非正构烷烃。     

煤成气干燥系数影响因素探讨——以鄂尔多斯盆地北部上古生界为例

干燥系数广泛应用于煤成气（天然气）地球化学特征及成因、成藏研究,而对于煤成气干燥系数影响因素的专题研究较少。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地北部东胜（杭锦旗）、大牛地、苏里格气田上古生界煤成气化学组分的测试及资料收集,分析了该区煤成气干燥系数的纵、横向分布特征,建立了“二段式”纵向分布模式,并结合区域地质背景,探讨了控制其分布的主要地质因素。研究表明：①该区上古生界煤成气干燥系数呈自盆地中心向边缘减小的平面分布特征和自下而上先减小再增大的“二段式”纵向分布特征;②煤成气干燥系数受到成熟度、地质色层作用和逸散作用等影响;③干燥系数的宏观区域分布主要受控于气源岩成熟度作用。纵向上,影响干燥系数“二段式”分布的主控因素不同,下部烃源层内为成熟度作用,而上部储集层内则是地质色层作用。局部保存条件欠佳地区干燥系数还受到逸散作用影响而减小。     

重质油与长焰煤共加氢反应性能

我国石油比较短缺,对数量可观的劣质重油和低阶煤进行共加氢生产燃料油和精细化学品具有重要意义。以煤衍生油和催化裂化油浆为原料,与低阶煤进行共处理试验,考察了试验条件对共处理反应性能的影响。综合分析共处理条件对原料油转化率、油产率、气产率和沥青质产率的影响规律,得到较合适的试验条件为：催化剂添加量1%,重质油和长焰煤质量比2:1,反应温度450℃,反应压力10MPa,反应时间120min。对煤油共处理产物进行蒸馏特性分析,煤衍生油共处理产物主要集中在<230℃馏分,收率为35.14%,催化裂化油浆共处理产物主要集中在170～370℃和370～500℃馏分。     

原油中吡咯类化合物的分离方法研究

本文介绍原油中吡咯类含氮化合物的两种分离方法及有关对比评价,重点讨论经典液相色谱法中使用国产、进口试剂分离的实验结果。分析表明原油中吡咯类化合物的分离已具备分析试剂国产化的条件,为该技术成为常规分析测试手段及开展原油中非烃化合物研究奠定了基础。     

关于煤成油与煤制油的思考

煤制油是以煤炭为原料，通过化学加工来生产石油天然气或石油化工产品，而煤成油是在天然条件下由煤系有机质在煤化过程中所形成的油气，通过以与吐哈盆地为例，对两者化学组成以及成因上的对比，发现这种人造的条件和天然的奈件具有一定的相似性，所以在煤成油的勘探过程中，应该对研究区域内的煤层或煤系有机质的演化历史，如古温压条件等进行详细的研究。     

脱氮基础油后精制方法研究

结合荆门分公司润滑油补充精制工艺实际情况，对现有脱氮－白土精制工艺条件进行了优化，找到了适宜的剂油比。对脱氮油采取不同补充精制方法进行了试验，试验结果表明：白土补充精制产品质量好，但收率低，废白土污染环境；加氢补充精制产品质量较好，收率高，但需增加脱氮油的沉降时间或采用过滤措施，以避免少量脱氮残渣沉积在反应器顶部，造成压降上升；溶剂补充精制产品质量较好，收率高，但产品中的极性物质较难抽提干净。     

UPGRADING OF COAL-DERIVFD LIQUIDS. 2. CHARACTERIZATION OF UPGRADED LIQUIDS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DISTILLATION

Gas chromatographic distillation (GCD) based ors ASTM 02887 has been applied to characterizing the boiling range distribution of upgraded coal-derived liquids. It has beer demonstrated that the GCD method based on ASTM D2887 can be used as a substitute for ASTM D2892. A variety of coal-derived liquids can be characterized and the procedure may be effective for estimating the degree of conversion as a means of screening for hydroconversion catalysts.     

页岩气地球化学异常与气源识别

通过国内外页岩气生产井井口气的地球化学资料与常用的天然气鉴别指标的对比,认为部分页岩气的特征和传统的气源鉴别指标相比存在异常。其主要包括:页岩气乙烷碳同位素反转或倒转普遍存在于各套高过成熟的页岩系统,包括煤系地层;乙烷碳同位素鉴别气源的能力源于同位素反转,但高演化阶段煤成乙烷碳同位素可以很轻,甚至达到油型气标准;开放体系下的常规储层不一定能继承页岩系统的乙烷碳同位素及其倒转现象,常规的油型气乙烷碳同位素也可以很重;在极高的演化阶段,油型气存在乙烷碳同位素的第2次反转,甲烷氢同位素异常轻,甲烷碳同位素异常重,干燥系数极大,轻烃部分表现出煤成气的特征,常用的Bernard图版、Scholl图版和C₇轻烃三角图都可能误判断为煤成气。常规天然气来自于烃源岩且能继承页岩气的诸多地球化学特征,该地球化学异常可能导致气源类型的错误判断,因此在常规天然气的鉴别过程中需引起重视。     

煤成气生成动力学研究进展

生烃动力学在煤成气藏形成研究中具有重要的应用价值,这一领域近几年的研究进展主要有:与热史结合可进行烃源灶的动态评价,描绘地质历史时期烃源灶的演化;根据煤成气碳同位素分馏动力学编制新的煤成气判识图版,这一图版包含了不同碳数烃类的动力学关系;将成分动力学与碳同位素分馏动力学结合,发展出多指标约束的煤成气生成过程研究方法;将煤成气的生成动力学与储集层的地球化学记录相结合.使之可以研究天然气的生成、运移以及改造过程.进一步分析煤成气生成定量研究存在的科学问题后认为,今后应加强低熟煤成气的生烃动力学、压力在煤生烃过程中的作用、地质催化剂和水的影响以及残留可溶有机质生气问题的研究.     

UPGRADING OF COAL-DERIVFD LIQUIDS. 2. CHARACTERIZATION OF UPGRADED LIQUIDS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DISTILLATION

ABSTRACT

Gas chromatographic distillation (GCD) based ors ASTM 02887 has been applied to characterizing the boiling range distribution of upgraded coal-derived liquids. It has beer demonstrated that the GCD method based on ASTM D2887 can be used as a substitute for ASTM D2892. A variety of coal-derived liquids can be characterized and the procedure may be effective for estimating the degree of conversion as a means of screening for hydroconversion catalysts.     

南鄱阳坳陷龙潭组树皮煤生烃潜力及油气成藏

南鄱阳坳陷的上二叠统龙潭组煤层因富含树皮体而称之树皮煤。树皮煤的树皮体含量大于40%,同时富含基质镜质体、小孢子体等富氢组分。用生烃模拟实验方法得知树皮煤产油率很高,达到413.80 kg/t,是迄今已知的最好的煤成油烃源岩之一。通过单组分生烃模拟实验证实树皮体最有利于生成液态烃,是树皮煤生油的主要贡献者。南鄱阳坳陷的龙潭组是中国南方演化程度较低的,白垩纪盆地的叠合造就了烃源岩二次生烃、晚期成藏的地质条件。乐探1井油藏的原油经油源对比为典型的树皮煤生成的煤成油,表明在中国南方保存条件较好的地区龙潭组煤成油的勘探前景良好。     

C_4烃在DMF中的相对挥发性

利用静态法测定了不同温度下Ｃ４烃在ＤＭＦ中的蒸气压与组成的关系曲线，与纯Ｃ４的蒸气压曲线比较，可以看出，ＤＭＦ改变了正丁烷与其它Ｃ４烃之间的相对挥发性关系，这为萃取精馏法分离烷烃和烯烃提供了依据。为了验证，还测定了正丁烷和１－丁烯在ＤＭＦ中的相对挥发度。     

新型低分子泡排剂的研制及应用

泡排施工时,现有的泡排剂大多数产生的泡沫含水率较高,携液量也较大,不能很好地适用于苏里格低压低产积液井。针对苏里格气田低压低产井井筒积液的实际情况,研制出一种新型低分子泡排剂,并采用Ross-Miles法和搅拌法在实验室对该泡排剂进行泡沫性能评价,同时在同等实验条件下与不同泡排剂携液过程中的泡沫含水率进行了比较,在苏里格部分气井进行了泡沫排水现场评价。研究表明,该新型低分子泡排剂泡沫含水率低,能有效控制携液量,降低井筒压力梯度,可满足苏里格气田低压低产气井的泡排作业要求。     

UPGRADING OF COAL-DERIVED LIQUIDS. 1. CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF ZEOLITE CATALYSTS AND COMMERCIAL HDS CATALYSTS

The applicability of various zeolite catalysts and commercial HDS catalysts to the secondary hydrotreatment of coal-derived liquids was examined in relation to the chemical structure of upgraded liquids. The catalytic activities of zeolite catalysts for HI conversion is lower than are the activities of Ni-Mo, Ni-Co-Mo, Co-Mo and Ni-W catalysts. However, as regards hydrogenation and the removal of nitrogen, zeolite catalysts such as natural clinoptilolite and mordenite have almost the same activity as do Co-Mo and Ni-W catalysts. As to the removal of oxygen, it was proved that zeolite catalysts had a functionality to remove oxygen as COx gas, and HDS catalysts had a high activity for hydrodeoxygenation.