北方地区温室大棚雨水收集利用研究与示范

寿光市是中国重要的蔬菜基地,主要以地下水作为灌溉水源,发展大棚集雨灌溉,利用雨水替代地下水源,是一种可行的技术方案.以寿光最常见塑膜大棚为研究示范对象,对雨水收集、汇流、输送、净化、存储、灌溉等进行工程建设示范,探索北方地区塑膜温室大棚雨水高效收集利用实用技术和模式,对于解决水资源短缺、发展设施农业高效节水具有重要意义...     

乌鲁木齐中石油联合指挥中心节水灌溉措施

乌鲁木齐中石油联合指挥中心节水绿化灌溉系统设计是灌溉系统、雨水利用、灌溉泵站及自动控制等多项技术的综合性设计。灌溉水源为绿化水和喷淋水收集的废水,选用多种节水型的灌溉设备以满足不同植物的需求达到高效、节水、节能目的。     

公共建筑园区绿地节水灌溉系统综合设计探索

针对北运河管理处迁建项目园区绿地灌溉之前一直用井水和自来水,根据园区实际情况进行园区绿地节水灌溉系统设计,综合集成雨水收集利用技术、再生水利用技术、绿地节水灌溉技术、绿地灌溉智能化管控技术,实现园区灌溉多水源联调,优先利用雨水,充分利用临近小中河再生水、地下水作为应急备用水源;并贯彻海绵城市建设理念,最大限度蓄积利用雨洪水,增加地下水入渗补给,提升园区水生态环境。项目的实施提高了经济效益、社会效益和生态环境效益。     

山区雨水利用技术及分析计算

邢台市西部山区年降水量集中,水资源利用率低。结合该区特点,利用天然山场集蓄雨水,作为农业灌溉的水源,取得良好的效果。通过对该区降雨特性及时空分布分析,对利用自然山场集雨技术进行分析计算,包括天然山场单位面积集水量计算、蓄水工程容量的设计计算等,为山区农业发展、雨水利用提供科学依据。     

经济型喷滴灌技术在余姚的应用

余姚市提出"经济型喷滴灌"新思路,采用PE塑管代替钢管、河网代替主管道、缩小灌区单元、水泵机组移动等措施,降低造价50%以上;利用库水、雨水作水源,促进了绿色食品实现;灌溉竹笋、果树、蔬菜等多种作物,并用于养禽场降温,增加了农民收入.     

北京集雨水30万m3石景山绿化不费水

2008年，石景山区17项雨水利用设施共收集雨水30多万m^3用于绿化和景观用水，有效地节约了自来水资源。石景山从2005年开始陆续在机关单位、学校、社区、企事业单位等建成17项雨水回收利用工程，回收的雨水作为绿化灌溉、喷泉景观和观赏鱼池的主要水源。     

门头沟区农业节水灌溉中供水方式综述

通过分析门头沟区的地形、水源、种植结构等特点和不同灌水方法的适宜条件,总结出自流供水方式、提水自压供水方式和变频分区分压供水方式是适宜于门头沟区常规水源节水灌溉的主要供水方式,采用雨水和再生水进行节水灌溉是下一个发展阶段的主体技术。     

阳城县农业灌溉现状分析及发展思路

介绍了阳城县地形、地貌、降水、水资源的特点和农业灌溉的基本情况,分析了当前农业灌溉存在的主要问题,从加强宣传、创新机制和工程建设等方面提出了进行新水源工程建设,大中型灌区建设改造,煤矿废水利用,雨水集蓄利用,中水回用等发展思路。     

某改造办公楼项目屋面雨水回用分析及方案设计

介绍了因地域条件限制下的改造项目屋面雨水收集回用工程实例。重点讨论在改建项目中因地制宜,采用屋面雨水径流作为水源,通过管路收集,初期弃流,动态监测并处理贮存,最后用于绿化灌溉,实现了流失雨水的二次利用,降低了运营成本。     

关于城市雨水资源利用的问题

1 城市雨水利用的经济和生态意义门)如果大气降水水质较好,不需处理即可作为初级水源或补充水源加以利用。泰国的有关研究表明,雨水可能是最安全和最经济的饮用水源,虽然雨水系统提供的水源仅有40%符合世界卫生组织饮用水质的标准,但凋查水样中细菌、病毒和重金属等污染很少,不仅可以作为喷洒路面、工业冷却、绿地灌溉等城市杂用水,而且还可以进一步处理后用于生活用水。在德国的部分地区,利用雨水可节约饮用水达50%,在公共场所用水和工业用水中节约更多。(2)削减雨季流量,减轻城市排洪设施的压力,节省封闭路面下的雨水管道投资。(3)有利于…     

Performance Analysis of a Communal Residential Rainwater System for Potable Supply: A Case Study in Brisbane, Australia

Cities in developed countries have increasingly adopted rainwater tanks as an alternative water source over the last 15 years. The rapid uptake of rainwater tanks has been driven by the need to reduce demand for centralised water services that are under pressure to adapt to population growth and climate change impacts. Rainwater tanks are part of integrated urban water management approach that considers the whole water cycle to provide water services on a fit for purpose basis that minimises the impact on the local environment and receiving waters. Rainwater tanks are typically applied at the household scale for non-potable water source uses such as toilet flushing and garden irrigation. However, this paper reports on a communal approach to rainwater harvesting, where the water is treated for potable use. A communal approach to rainwater harvesting can offer benefits, such as: economies of scale for capital costs, reduced land footprint, centralised disinfection and flexibility in matching supply and demand for different households. The analysis showed that the communal approach could provide a reliable potable water source to a small urban development. However, there was an energy penalty associated with this water source compared to centralised systems that could be addressed through more appropriate pump sizing. The outputs from this monitoring and modelling study demonstrated rainwater harvesting can be expanded beyond the current mainstream practices of household systems for non-potable use in certain development contexts. The analysis contained in this paper can be used for the improved planning and design of communal approaches to rainwater harvesting.     

Alternative Water Resources for Rural Residential Development in Western Australia

Rainwater collected from residential roofs and greywater generated from domestic uses except toilets are viewed as possible substitutes for high grade water sources which supply nonpotable indoor uses and irrigation in Australia. This paper searches for alternatives by adopting roofwater and greywater in residential envelope as per Australian water standards. A water balance model Aquacycle was applied to determine storage capacities and to evaluate the percentage reduction in water supplying, stormwater run-off and wastewater disposal, as well as volume of rainwater use and greywater reuse. This study provides the results of greywater recycling, which contributes to the greater saving of mains water supply than rainwater use, and which reduces more than half of the wastewater to receiving waters in the rural township of Cranbrook, Western Australia. The results of this study provide greywater usage (maximum reduction 32.5%) more significantly reduces scheme water supply than rainwater harvesting (maximum reduction 25.1%). Use of greywater on individual residential lots has the dramatic effect for drainage system by reduction approximately 54.1% or 88.1 m³/lot/year. The results of rainwater use analysis show explicitly that rainwater tanks are much more effective in intercepting roof runoff, with the maximum stormwater reduction 48.1% or 68.3 m³/lot/year. This research endeavours to offer a typical paradigm for an integrated water system in the rural residential sectors.     

贺兰山东麓雨洪水利用研究

宁夏贺兰山东麓实施山洪截潜工程拦蓄雨洪水,采取扬水灌溉、库井结合、水权转换、供给水产养殖等方式充分利用雨洪水资源。实践表明,拦蓄后的雨洪资源达到了灌溉水质标准,可使农作物及生态绿化适时灌溉,水产养殖丰产增收,生态旅游稳步发展,雨洪水资源化利用已成为干旱区解决水资源短缺的重要途径,为城市生态环境建设及经济社会全面发展提供水资源保障。     

浅析小范围水稻种植区节水灌溉新措施

目前江苏省通州市部分小范围水稻种植区农水灌溉存在的一些问题,在统计走访的基础上分析具体原因,就充分利用现有水利资源和雨水资源发展节水灌溉展开一些讨论,提出了尽量利用雨水资源,同时泵站补水为辅的新方案,并加以可行性分析,以期达到节水灌溉与改善土壤的双重效益,最终实现水利资源可持续利用。     

鼎邦俪池给排水设计简介

鼎邦俪池别墅区号称“亚洲自然生态住宅”。在这次设计过程中 ,努力营造一种优雅、舒适又灵活机动的居住空间 ,既充分考虑各项使用功能 ,又给业主留下了发挥的余地。在给排水设计中 ,冷热水管及饮用水管均选用了薄壁铜管。管道的安装采取了兼具保温隔音效果的双层墙体设计。利用室外泳池兼做消防水池。热水系统中 ,采用电磁阀根据水箱液位进行补水 ,省去二次循环泵。并设置雨水收集池 ,以充分利用上海地区相对充沛的降水用于绿化灌溉     

蒙山县屯巴山灌片高效节水灌溉工程设计

介绍了蒙山县屯巴山灌片高效节水灌溉工程的基本情况,论述了灌溉方式、供水方式、管材比选情况。选定了低压管灌、水泵加高位水池供水、PE管道的节水灌溉方式,并根据现有地形、地质、水源条件、作物种植结构等条件,在连片面积4 000亩的蜜柚种植区范围内论述了低压管灌的灌溉制度、高位水池及管网布置设计。     

Implications to stormwater management as a result of lot scale rainwater tank systems: a case study in Western Sydney, Australia

Rainwater tanks are increasingly adopted in Australia to reduce potable water demand and are perceived to reduce the volume of stormwater discharge from developments. This paper investigates the water balance of rainwater tanks, in particular the possible impacts these tanks could have in controlling the stormwater discharge volume. The study collected water quantity data from two sites in the Hawkesbury City Council area, New South Wales, Australia and utilised the collected data in a simple water balance model to assess the effectiveness of rainwater tanks in reducing the stormwater discharge volume. The results indicate that a significant reduction in discharge volume from a lot scale development can be achieved if the rainwater tank is connected to multiple end-uses, but is minimal when using irrigation alone. In addition, the commonly used volumetric runoff coefficient of 0.9 was found to over-estimate the runoff from the roof areas and to thereby under-estimate the available volume within the rainwater tanks for retention or detention. Also, sole reliance on the water in the rainwater tanks can make the users aware of their water use pattern and water availability, resulting in significant reductions in water use as the supply dwindles, through self-imposed water restrictions.     

A New Model for Simulating Supplemental Irrigation and the Hydro-Economic Potential of a Rainwater Harvesting System in Humid Subtropical Climates

Here we have developed a new model to simulate supplemental irrigation and the hydro-economic potential of a rainwater harvesting system in rainfed agricultural areas. Using the model, soil moisture in rainfed crop land, supplemental irrigation requirements, rainwater storage in an on-farm reservoir (OFR) system, and surface and ground water availability were predicted. In an irrigated system, an OFR was used to harvest rainwater during the rainy season, and stored water was applied to cropland as supplemental irrigation (SI). An economic analysis was performed to calculate the benefits due to an OFR irrigation system, and gains from increased crop yield and downstream water availability in the irrigated OFR system were compared with rainfed system (i.e. no OFR). In addition, we calculated the impacts of dry and wet seasons on total value gains (grain and water gains) for irrigated and rainfed conditions and performed a sensitivity analysis to quantify the impacts of model input parameters on total value gains. Analyses showed that the OFR system can produce crop yields three times greater than rainfed agriculture. During a water stress season, the total water use in the irrigated system was 65 % greater than for the rainfed system. Water use efficiency of the irrigated system was 82 % higher than for the rainfed system. In a dry season, the total value gains due to increased crop yield by supplemental irrigation and downstream water availability of the irrigated system were 74 % greater than for the rainfed system, while in a wet season the total value gain of the irrigated system was 14 % greater than for the rainfed system. A precipitation scenario analysis of wet and dry seasons indicated that the benefits of a rainwater harvesting system can be considerably greater in dry seasons than wet seasons.     

奥林匹克公园中心区雨洪利用系统水质净化效果研究

北京奥林匹克公园中心区内有大量的雨洪利用工程,主要包括透水铺装地面、绿地、渗滤沟（井）、集水池、水系等。建设规模达84．7hm^2,是迄今为止最大的雨洪利用示范工程。整个雨洪利用系统主要体现了先下渗、净化．再收集、回用的设计原则．通过对天然降水水质、地表径流水质、渗滤井水质和雨洪利用收集池水质的监测结果分析得出,雨洪利用系统在收集雨水的同时已经对雨水水质进行了一定的净化（蓄水池水质满足林业灌水的水质标准）,减少了以往雨洪利用系统繁琐的水质净化步骤,并使得工程投资和后期管理的运行费用大大减少,值得大力推广。