含钛物料护炉方法的探讨

炉缸炉底异常侵蚀是影响高炉寿命的主要因素。目前,延长炉缸炉底寿命的主要措施有两个：一是改进炭砖质量,二是采用含钛物料护炉。若能把二者有机结合起来,将会大大延长高炉寿命。为此,作者设想把含钛物料以微粉添加剂形式加入炭砖配料中生产含钛复合炭砖。这种炭砖抗氧化性和抗铁水渗透性较好,而且在炭砖被侵蚀时能及时生成Ｔｉ（Ｃ、Ｎ）沉积物,阻滞碳的进一步溶解和铁水的侵入,对炉底炉缸有保护作用,可克服目前含钛物料护炉方法的一些弊端,有效利用宝贵的钛资源     

重钢四高炉炉缸和炉底侵蚀研究

重钢四高炉的炉体破损调查中,发现在炉缸和炉底残砖上附着一层坚硬致密的含钛沉积物,有效地保护了内衬,使一代炉龄达12年。本文着重论述了沉积物的矿物成分及低钛渣冶炼的护炉机理。     

高炉风口喂线护炉技术的开发与应用

开发了一种新的高炉含钛护炉料送入方法，即将含钛护炉料包芯线通过喷煤通道由风口送入炉内，用以定向修补炉缸、炉底。在600m^3高炉实施取得良好效果。     

鞍钢7号高炉护炉实践

鞍钢7号高炉护炉实践表明,高炉上部加钒钛矿和下部喷吹钛精矿粉相结合,能在炉缸、炉底析出高熔点的TiC、TiN,润湿性强,形成坚固的保护层(钛积物)粘附于炉衬而起到护炉作用。大剂量地加入钛矿(TiO_211～15kg/t铁)和提高生铁含[Si]量(1.0～1.5%),是护炉取得成效的重要原因,堵风口和加强冷却对钛矿护炉起强化作用。     

高炉含钛物料护炉机理探讨

通过高炉停炉取样及实验室的炉缸侵蚀模拟试验,分析研究了含钛物料的护炉机理。表明,其护炉怍用实际上是“一种能自动选择的补炉过强”。此外,配加含钛物料冶炼中所形成的一系列高熔点矿物,亦有助于保护炉缸。     

武钢1号高炉炉底与炉缸长寿新技术

武钢1号高炉改造性大修，炉底与炉缸采用长寿新技术：增大炉缸容积，加深死铁层；选用半石墨炭砖和德国的高密质炭砖；炉底冷却采用软水密闭循环，以及设置完善的检测设施。总结运用钒钛矿护护经验，以减缓或消除炉底与炉缸“环缝”、“熔洞”、“蒜头状”侵蚀，达到炉底、炉缸高校长寿的目的。     

安钢1号高炉炉缸侧壁温度异常升高的治理

对安钢1号高炉缸侧壁温度异常升高的治理经验进行了总结。1号高炉缸侧壁温度异常升高的原因主要是炉缸冷却壁与炭砖之间存在气隙、强化冶炼程度大,以及炉缸存在"象脚"状侵蚀。通过实施常规护炉措施,并配加含钛炉料进行护炉,1号高炉炉缸侧壁温度上升的势头得到有效的遏制,并把温度控制在安全范围之内。实践表明,以含钛炉料护炉技术为中心的综合护炉技术,对于延长炉役后期的高炉寿命是有效的。     

高炉含钛物料护炉机理的探讨

本文叙述了湘钢2号高炉停炉取样及实验室的炉缸侵蚀模拟试验,分析了含钛物料的护炉机理,是“一种能自动选择的补炉过程”。此外,高炉配加含钛物料冶炼后,炉渣的矿物组成以及渣-砖界面的矿物组成发生很大变化,形成一系列高熔点矿物,有助于保护炉缸。     

唐钢3号高炉炉底炉缸侵蚀的原因及应对措施

对唐钢3号高炉炉底炉缸侵蚀原因进行分析,并提出了今后生产中应采取的措施。认为唐钢3号高炉炉底炉缸侵蚀的主要原因是炉缸结构不合理和鼓风动能偏低,今后高炉生产中应加强冷却、提高鼓风动能、加钛矿护炉和控制冶炼强度。     

高炉炉缸破损调研分析

高炉炉缸安全是高炉长寿的主要限制环节,首钢股份公司环保限产期间对2号高炉进行了在不切割炉壳情况下的炉缸保护性清理和浇注修复施工。在此期间对高炉炉缸的破损情况进行了调研,研究了首钢股份公司 2 号高炉风口以下炉缸渣皮、风口区域、出铁口前泥包的状态和炉底陶瓷垫的侵蚀状况,并分析了造成炉缸炭砖侵蚀的原因及炉缸中钛和锌元素的物相。研究发现炉底陶瓷垫未形成锅底状侵蚀,越是靠近炉墙位置,陶瓷垫侵蚀越严重,说明了炉缸活跃度不够。而象脚区炭砖侵蚀主要是受铁、钾和硫等元素的渗透侵蚀;炉底象脚区域发现大量古铜色碳氮化钛沉积物,沉积物呈带状分布;破损炉缸中发现的大量ZnO富集物是黄绿色而非传统的白色。此次破损调研为后期炉缸浇注、高炉操作以及今后的炉缸设计提供现实可靠的依据,其意义重大。     

Analysis of All-Carbon Brick Bottom and Ceramic Cup Synthetic Hearth Bottom

One of the bottlenecks of the blast furnace （BF） campaign is the life length of hearth bottom. The basic reason for the erosion of hearth bottom is its direct contact with hot metal. According to the theory of heat transfer, models of BF hearth bottom are built based on the actual examples using software and VC language, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the data of BF dissection after blowing out. The temperature distribution and the capability of the resistance to erosion for different structures of hearth bottom are analyzed, especially the two prevalent kinds of hearth bottom arrangements called ＂the method of heat transfer＂ for all-carbon brick bottom and ＂the method of heat isolation＂ for ceramic synthetic hearth bottom. Features of the two kinds of hearth bottoms are analyzed. Also the different ways of protecting the hearth bottom are clarified, according to some actual examples. After that, the same essence of prolonging life, and the fact that the existence of a ＂protective skull＂ with low thermal conductivity between the hot metal and brick layers is of utmost importance are shown.     

高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型的开发及应用

用有限元法建立了高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀推测二维模型，可在线提供高炉炉缸炉底温度场及侵蚀线图，为高炉安全生产，实现高炉长寿和炉缸炉底的结构参数优化设计提供了依据。     

台车连续炉直接还原法

开发了一种在台车连续炉中实现铁矿直接还原的方法。台车连续炉的炉膛是直条形,炉底由若干个台车组成。含碳球团料层铺在台车上,通过炉膛时进行还原焙烧。为了得到高金属化率,在料层表面覆盖薄焦炭层保护。此方法已经成功地用于唐钢石人沟铁矿。生产线所用的炉子长70 m,宽2 8 m。炉底由26 个台车组成。用这种方法生产的海绵铁产品成分如下:金属化率大于92%,全铁约90%,硫小于0 08%。一座炉子的产量为5 t/h,总煤耗低于700 kg/t。和转底炉比较,台车连续炉的优点是:结构简单,供热点少,台车维修方便,主要缺点是台车运转速度不能太快,焙烧时间较长。     

高炉炉缸侵蚀机理的计算分析

通过对铁液在特定条件下的选择性氧化进行热力学分析计算，证实低硅铁水冶炼方式会加剧炉缸的渗碳侵蚀，为低硅冶炼时的护炉操作提供依据。     

硅钙合金混合加料法生产过程中炉底上涨问题的研究

通过3．2MVA硅钙矿热炉炉体的解剖与取样捡测，初步探明混合加料法生产硅钙合金过程中炉内碳化硅的形貌变化和生成规律。参与硅钙合金生成反应的中间产物BlSlC未完全消耗，在炉内逐步积累，构成了炉缸内堆积物的主体，造成炉底上配。确定炉内合理的硅钙矿热炉电气参数和调整炉料结构——“物理配碳”，是延长混合加料法硅钙合金生产周期的重要技术措施。     

Hot metal flow in a blast furnace hearth – model tests

Very recent operation measurements and test bore holes made in solidified blast furnace hearths indicate the presence of a downward-arching, convex-shaped coke zone in blast furnace hearths. By means of model tests using a two-dimensional electric simulator that stands out against previously used models because of its easy handling, simulations were made of the effects of this convex-shaped coke zone base on hot metal flows in blast furnace hearths. It was possible to detect a hot metal flow that has a different path to those known so far in the hearth bath and runs radially along the periphery of the hearth bottom to the tap hole. This flow path occurs when the coke zone rests partially on the hearth bottom centre. It causes increased stress on the refractory lining at the junction between the hearth bottom and hearth wall and in the long run can lead to extensive disintegration of the lining in these areas. When a coke zone with a convex base floats in the hearth bath, compared with a flat base, it produces no appreciable changes in the hot metal flows. As further tests showed, it is only possible to a limited extent to directly influence the hot metal flows by applying such operational measures as longer tap holes and a lower bath level.     

Numerical Prediction of Iron Flow and Bottom Erosion in the Blast Furnace Hearth

The blast furnace (BF) campaign life, which is limited by the hearth erosion, will be decisive for the process to maintain its dominance in ore‐based iron production, so timely prediction of the hearth erosion and proper measures to protect the hearth are important issues. The erosion at the hearth bottom has not received much attention, even though the region is believed to be the most vulnerable part of the hearth. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model has been developed to deepen the understanding of iron flow and refractory erosion at the bottom of the hearth. Key boundary and internal conditions, such as slag–iron interface and dead man state, are provided by a BF drainage model which reproduces the tapping process. Simulations with the CFD model illustrate how different factors affect the flow pattern, hearth erosion profile, and bottom breakage ratio. It is shown that the dead man state plays an important role for the flow behavior and erosion conditions in the hearth. The model is demonstrated to predict two erosion types that are commonly encountered in practice.     

济源钢厂2号高炉设计特点及实践

济源钢厂2号高炉设计采用了一系列的先进设备和技术,如串罐式无料钟炉顶、薄壁内衬、炭砖+陶瓷杯式炉底炉缸结构、软水密闭循环冷却系统、关键部位采用铜冷却壁、炉前除尘等。高炉投产运行5年来,炉况稳定顺行,各项指标均优于设计指标,平均利用系数在3.3t/(m~3·d)以上,达到同类型高炉的先进水平。同时炉底陶瓷垫保存较好,杯垫下一层碳砖中心温度控制在600℃以内;炉底、炉缸侵蚀小,高炉冷却系统稳定,设计合理,生产实践取得良好效果。     

湘钢1号高炉炉缸破损原因的调查分析

通过对炉缸、炉底侵蚀状况的调查以及炉缸、炉底实物组成的化学分析,阐述了炉缸、炉底侵蚀曲线形成的原因以及钛护炉的效果。