电梯主驱动轴开裂原因

某电梯主驱动轴在焊接后进行磁粉检测时发现有裂纹.采用微观分析、金相检验、力学性能试验、化学成分分析等方法对电梯主驱动轴的开裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:裂纹位于电梯主驱动轴焊接热影响区熔合线附近,属于低熔共晶产物存在引起的近焊缝区液化裂纹,该液化裂纹是由于焊接工艺不当而产生的.     

某压缩机法兰与钢管焊接接头焊缝开裂失效分析

某平台湿气压缩机法兰与钢管焊接接头焊缝发生开裂失效,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能试验、扫描电镜分析和能谱分析等方法对焊缝的开裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:焊接接头结构的不合理和焊缝内部的未熔合缺陷造成局部应力集中,并导致焊接接头的疲劳极限下降,在应力作用下法兰一侧切口处焊缝根部与未完全熔合的法兰母材交界处形成裂纹源;在外部循环载荷作用下,裂纹逐渐向外表面扩展,当达到焊接接头的疲劳极限时,焊缝即发生开裂。     

LF2铝合金燃油导管接头焊缝开裂原因及改进

焊接于LF2铝合金燃油系统导管上的传感器管接头,使用一段时间后在焊缝焊趾处出现裂纹。采用宏观观察、断口宏观、金相检验、焊接质量检查及焊接结构改进验证试验等方法对开裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该LF2铝合金燃油导管接头的开裂性质为疲劳开裂。裂纹起源于导管外表面应力集中处,燃油管管接头焊缝焊趾处应力水平较高,且受到与导管轴向垂直方向的振动应力的叠加,最终导致焊缝开裂。     

Inconel 718 激光焊接接头组织与热影响区裂纹研究

采用CO2激光器对板厚为11mm的Inconel 718合金进行激光焊接,并利用金相分析和扫描电镜对Inconel 718激光焊接接头各区域组织以及热影响区显微裂纹产生的原因进行了分析。研究发现:利用激光对Inconel718进行焊接,可以获得成形良好的焊接接头;焊缝区域组织为铸造组织,从熔合线到焊缝中心由较长的树枝晶逐步变为等轴晶;热影响区因受循环热输入的影响,晶界较母材出现粗化现象,且在钉头缩颈处出现沿粗化的晶界扩展的液化裂纹,裂纹两侧存在低熔点共晶体,主要富集Nb及Mo元素,低熔点共晶体在热输入影响下发生液化是裂纹产生的主要原因。     

TIG与FSW焊接工艺下2219铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展性能研究

目的 研究钨极惰性气体保护焊（TIG）和搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）对2219铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响,并探究这2种不同焊接技术条件下焊接接头疲劳裂纹的产生与裂纹扩展原理,了解2种焊接接头的抗裂纹扩展能力,为工程实践应用提供数据参考。方法 采用疲劳裂纹扩展试验方法,测试上述2种焊接工艺条件下焊缝金属和热影响区组织的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N和阈值,使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察并分析金相组织和疲劳断口形貌特征。结果 疲劳裂纹倾向于沿裂纹处萌生,裂纹的存在成为主要的裂纹扩展源头,有利于加速裂纹向前延伸。热影响区由于组织结构不均匀,不同位置的晶粒尺寸存在明显差异,疲劳裂纹扩展路径倾向于沿靠近焊缝一侧向靠近母材区域扩展。TIG焊接工艺下焊缝金属和热影响区的裂纹扩展速率明显低于FSW焊接工艺下的焊缝金属和热影响区,与此同时,TIG焊接接头表现出优良的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能。结论 通过此研究,建议2219铝合金焊接接头采用TIG焊接工艺,抗疲劳裂纹扩展效果更佳。     

X80管线钢焊接与焊缝开裂影响因素研究进展

为了提升油气运输的经济性,保证油气运输管道系统可靠性,管道工程不断向着高强度、高韧性、大管径的趋势发展.其中X80管线钢在新型高级别管线钢中应用最广,但由于近几年涉及环焊缝的失效事故,环焊缝的服役安全问题备受关注,有关X80管线钢焊接接头组织性能以及接头裂纹产生原因的探究也日趋深入.本文分析和总结了国内外X80管线钢基材制备工艺和显微组织、相关焊接接头组织性能和开裂机制等方面的研究成果,探究了X80钢裂纹产生的原因.环焊缝开裂主要是焊口组织、残余应力和氢效应等因素共同作用的结果.影响氢致开裂的主要因素及相关规律可总结为:(1)焊接热输入量直接影响接头质量;(2)热影响区晶粒大小,粗大的晶粒会导致热影响区局部软化;(3)X80管线钢强度高,与低级别管线钢(相似文献   

钛/铝异种合金脉冲激光焊接接头裂纹产生机理

目的 对0.8 mm厚的Ti6Al4V钛合金和2 mm厚的AA6060铝合金薄板进行脉冲激光焊接,分析异种轻合金激光焊接裂纹产生的机理及界面结合机理。方法 采用扫描电镜、EDS能谱以及显微硬度计等微观表征分析方法,对焊接接头的形貌特征、成分以及显微硬度进行分析,探索焊接接头处裂纹产生的原因。结果 钛/铝脉冲激光焊接性较差,接头存在严重的裂纹缺陷,裂纹多集中在焊缝与铝母材交界处以及焊缝中心区域位置,主要以热裂纹为主;接头焊缝可能存在大量的Ti-Al金属间化合物以及少量未熔的钛,其界面层主要成分推测为层状TiAl和外层锯齿状的TiAl3;接头整个焊缝区域的平均显微硬度为HV0.1420,其硬度水平远远高于焊缝两侧铝合金母材,也高出钛合金母材很多。结论 钛铝金属间化合物使钛铝焊接接头焊缝区脆性增大,另外接头焊缝区存在较大的组织应力、热应力、拉压应力、拘束应力等复杂应力,致使焊缝内存在较严重的裂纹缺陷。     

高速列车A7N01S铝合金车体横梁失效原因分析

某型高速列车车体横梁与补强板的焊缝处出现裂纹并发生断裂.为确定失效机理,对断裂部位宏观形貌、金相组织、化学成分及断口形貌等进行分析.研究表明,横梁失效主要是由近缝区母材的液化裂纹、焊缝处的结晶裂纹、未熔合和气孔等缺陷引起的.这些缺陷主要是源于焊接线能量过大、其它焊接参数选择不当以及焊接结构设计不合理.     

客运专线铁路道岔台板焊缝开裂分析

针对时速250 km/h客运专线铁路道岔台板组焊后焊缝发生的开裂,对焊缝外观质量及显微组织、裂纹形貌和相关焊接件的理化性能进行了分析。结果表明:台板焊缝开裂位置厚度较小,当焊缝过大和焊接温度过高时极易形成结晶裂纹。在满足技术设计要求的前提下,减小台板焊缝尺寸,可避免焊接时台板焊缝发生开裂。     

酸洗-冷轧联合机组闪光焊接头断带原因分析

采用宏观分析、力学性能测试、金相检验和断口分析等手段对某酸洗-冷轧机组闪光焊低碳Stb35L钢薄板接头在冷轧过程中频繁出现断带的原因进行了分析。结果表明:闪光焊接头发生开裂和断带的主要原因是其热轧原料钢板的头尾板形较差,而闪光焊前又未对其进行校平或剪切,从而导致接头局部出现焊缝搭接错边现象;在冷轧过程中,焊缝搭接处产生折叠和缺口裂纹,裂纹不断扩展最终导致断带;另焊缝中存在未挤压干净的链状氧化物是导致接头开裂和断带的另一个原因。     

Failure analysis of a lifting platform for tree pruning

The paper presents an analysis of the failure in service of a lifting platform used for tree pruning. Different fracture mechanics techniques were used to reveal the causes of failure such as analysis of the fracture surface, mechanical and microstructural characterization of the material and fracture mechanics tests to determine the critical value of the stress intensity factor and to characterize the subcritical crack growth under fatigue. Results yield do conclude that the platform failure cause was the subcritical crack growth in the welded joint where the welding was discontinuous, thereby producing a stress concentration effect similar to that of a crack.     

Fatigue crack propagation rates and threshold stress intensity factors for welded joints of HT80 steel at several stress ratios

Fatigue crack propagation rates and threshold stress intensity factors were measured for welded joints and base metal by using 200 mm wide centre-cracked specimens. The fatigue crack propagation properties of welded joints were similar in spite of the different zones in which the cracks propagated (ie, in the heat-affected zone and in the weld metal) and the different welding process used (submerged arc welding and gas metal arc welding). They were, however, inferior to those of the base metal. It was revealed by observation of the crack closure that the fatigue cracks were fully open during the whole range of loading, due to the tensile residual stress distribution in the middle part of the welded joints. This observation also explains the lack of a stress ratio effect on the fatigue crack propagation properties of welded joints, and their inferiority to those of the base metal.     

6061-T6 铝合金激光焊接接头腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展

目的研究6061-T6铝合金激光焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性,并分析裂纹扩展的影响因素。方法利用光纤激光器,焊接尺寸为150 mm×100 mm×4 mm(焊接方向、横向、熔深方向)的6061-T6铝合金,采用SE(B)三点弯曲疲劳裂纹扩展试验并利用连续降K法,分别在空气和人工海水中进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,通过使用金相显微镜(OE)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对金相结构进行观测分析。结果同样工艺参数的焊接接头,在海水中疲劳裂纹门槛值(4.063 016 MPa·m~(0.5))大于空气中的门槛值(3.479 166 MPa·m~(0.5));在疲劳裂纹扩展中速区(da/dN10~(-5) mm/cycle)时,海水焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率大于空气中的,低速区(da/d N10~(-5) mm/cycle)则小于在空气中的。结论成形良好的焊缝、晶粒细小的焊缝组织有助于接头疲劳裂纹扩展性能的提高;中速区,海水中疲劳裂纹扩展速率偏大,主要是由腐蚀条件下焊缝裂纹尖端阳极溶解和交变载荷共同作用导致;低速区,海水中疲劳裂纹扩展速率偏小,主要原因是腐蚀产物堆积于疲劳裂纹扩展尖端,产生较强裂纹闭合效应。     

焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响

针对屈服强度为785MPa级别的10Ni5CrMoV钢,分别采用焊条手工焊、气体保护焊和埋弧焊三种方法在其表面堆焊单层焊并设计成板状疲劳试样,研究三种焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:对于堆焊单层焊道试样,焊址处应力集中程度对疲劳启裂寿命起主要作用,随应力集中程度的增大,疲劳启裂寿命减小。焊条手工焊、埋弧焊和气体保护焊三种焊接方法中,气体保护焊焊趾处应力集中程度最大,疲劳启裂寿命最低;焊条手工焊焊趾处应力集中程度最小,疲劳启裂寿命最高。     

Fatigue tests on steel plates with longitudinal weld attachment strengthened by ultra high modulus carbon fibre reinforced polymer plate

Welded steel connections of infrastructures are susceptible to fatigue failure. Advanced carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been demonstrated promising for fatigue strengthening of steel structures. Limited research was conducted on CFRP strengthening of welded connections. This paper focuses on the application of ultra high modulus (UHM) CFRP plates with a modulus of 460 GPa to strengthen steel plates with longitudinal fillet weld attachment using five CFRP strengthening configurations. A series of fatigue tension tests were carried out with constant amplitude fatigue loading. Beach marking technique was adopted to record the crack propagation process. Effects of CFRP bond length, bond width and bond locations on fatigue performance of welded steel joints were investigated. The experimental results showed that UHM CFRP plates could generally increase the fatigue life of the welded steel joints. It seems better to apply CFRP on the welding side of the specimen to achieve longer fatigue life. Then, the effects of weld and weld attachment on the CFRP strengthening efficiency was further studied by comparing experimental results of non‐welded steel plates with single side UHM CFRP plate strengthening. Finally, the classification method was adopted to assess the strengthening efficiency of the UHM CFRP plate to the steel plates with longitudinal weld attachment.     

振动焊接工艺效果研究

通过振动焊接与传统焊接方法的对比试验来研究振动焊接技术对焊接残余应力、焊接变形、焊缝及其热影响区组织、工件焊缝质量、热影响区疲劳寿命等的影响，得出该技术可以降低焊接残余应力、细化焊缝及热影响区组织、防止焊接裂纹和工件畸变，改善焊缝综合质量的结论，并成功应用于HT-7U项目中304L圆形大底板构件的焊接中，取得明显效果。最后，指出了振动焊接技术在我国工业应用中尚存在的几个重大问题，为推广该项技术指明了发展方向。     

Influence of the submerged arc welding in the mechanical behaviour of the P355NL1 steel—part II: analysis of the low/high cycle fatigue behaviours

A normalized fine grain carbon low alloy steel, P355NL1 (EN10028-3), intended for service in welded pressure vessels, where notch toughness is of high importance, has been investigated. Applications with this steel usually require the intensive use of welds. One of the most common welding processes that are used in the manufacturing of pressure vessels is the submerged arc welding. This welding process is often automated in order to perform the main seam welds of the body of the vessels. The influence of the automated submerged arc welding, in the mechanical performance, is investigated. In this paper (Part II) the low and high cycle fatigue and crack propagation behaviours are compared between the base and welded materials. Several series of small and smooth specimens as well as cracked specimens made of base, welded and heat affected materials, respectively, were fatigue tested. Strain, stress and energy based relations for fatigue life assessment, until crack initiation, are evaluated based on experimental results and compared between the base and welded materials. Finally, the fatigue crack propagation behaviours are compared between the base, welded and heat affected materials.     

Effects of welding residual stresses on fatigue crack growth behaviour in butt welds of a pipeline steel

In the present test the fatigue crack growth rate in the parent plate, weld and cross-bond regions was measured and the results were correlated with the stress intensity range ΔK and the effective stress intensity range ΔK_eff. It is indicated that the welding residual stresses strongly affect the crack growth rate. For the weld metal and cross-bond compact tension specimens in which crack growth is along the weld line the fatigue crack growth rate increases as the crack grows. However, for the T compact tension specimen in which crack growth is perpendicular to the weld line at a constant value of applied ΔK the crack growth rate initially decreases as the crack grows. Particularly, at a low constant value of applied ΔK the crack growth rate obviously decreases and the crack fails to grow after short crack growth. When the crack grows to intersect the welded zone, the fatigue crack growth rate gradually increases as the crack grows further. It is clear that the effect of welding residual stresses on the crack growth rate is related to the position of the crack and its orientation with respect to the weld line. Finally, the models of welding residual stress redistribution in the compact tension specimens with the growing crack and its influence on the fatigue crack closure are discussed. It appears that for a butt-welded joint one of the crack closure mechanisms may be considered by the bend or rotation deformation of crack faces due to the welding residual stress redistribution as the fatigue crack grows in the welded joint.