AB2型贮氢合金的表面处理

高容量的贮氢合金电极材料是高比能量ＭＨ－Ｎｉ动力电池的基础。Ｌａｖｅｓ相ＡＢ２型贮氢合金的贮氢量大、无污染、循环寿命长,但锆基Ｌａｖｅｓ相ＡＢ２型贮氢合金存在电极活化困难、电催化性能差、高倍率放电能力低下等缺点,严重影响了Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢合金在ＭＨ－Ｎｉ动力电池中的应用,因此贮氢合金的表面处理十分重要。综述了近年来对ＡＢ２型贮氢合金表面处理的研究情况。     

稀土镁基AB3型贮氢电极合金的研究进展

综述了稀土镁基AB3型贮氢电极合金的研究进展.分别从合金结构、热力学、成分及制备方法等方面进行总结,认识到循环稳定性差是AB3型贮氢电极合金目前存在的最主要问题,并就如何改善合金循环稳定性的问题进行了讨论.稀土镁基AB3型贮氢合金的贮氢量高于传统的稀土基AB5型贮氢合金,有望成为新一代的贮氢电极合金材料.     

AB5型储氢合金的研究进展

综述了AB5型储氢合金的研究状况，着重介绍了元素替代、表面处理和多相复合等方面的研究进展。针对AB5型储氢合金高倍率放电性能介绍了在上述3方面所开展的研究情况。     

AB PLC运行中的常见问题分析解决探讨

PLC是一种可编程的存储器,具有使用方便、较强的抗干扰能力、较好的可靠性,能运用于各种复杂的环境,在工业中的应用中越来越广泛。文章主要分析AB PLC在运行中常见的故障,探讨故障的查找以及解决措施以及其在企业中的应用,以此寻求保障AB PLC高效运行的途径。     

AB 1336PLUS Ⅱ型交流变频器在水膜除尘中的应用

介绍交流变频器在杭钢热带厂水膜除尘中的应用,整体式水膜脱硫除尘器主要结构和主要参数,分析变频器的工作原理和AB 1336PLUS Ⅱ型它的一些特有功能及常见故障。     

AB5型贮氢合金吸放氢过程的中毒现象

贮氢合金被气体杂质毒化的后果严重地影响了合金的广泛使用,本文评述了ＣＯ、Ｏ２、Ｈ２Ｓ、ＳＯ２、空气等气体杂体对ＡＢ５型贮氢合金吸放氢过程的影响,分析了现有中毒的机理及模型,提出了减轻贮氢合金中毒的措施以及目前存在的问题和发展和方向。     

稀土(镁)系AB2型贮氢合金的研究进展

综述了稀土(镁)系AB2型贮氢合金的研究进展,分别从合金的晶体结构、气态贮氢性能及电化学性能等方面进行了总结,阐述了AB2与AB5及A7B16结构之间的关联性,并就此合金存在的问题加以评述,进一步探讨了改善该体系合金性能的方法.稀土(镬)系AB2型贮氢合金较AB5型和AB3型具有更高的理论贮氢容量,认为通过合理的制备工艺与机理研究能获得良好的电化学性能.     

双液灌封点胶机的研制

本文主要介绍了双液灌封点胶机的工作原理与功能特点,阐述了其计量、混舍的技术原理。     

卷烟包装耐水型专用胶及防潮中线胶的工艺和制备技术研究

本文介绍了玉溪自强卷烟专用胶有限公司研发的耐水型卷烟专用胶的工艺及防潮中线胶制备技术研究项目,解决了制胶过程人工调配,耗费人力,操作繁琐的问题;提高了传统中线胶的防潮效果.     

热处理对AB5型快淬态储氢合金组织结构及电化学性能的影响

为了研究热处理对AB5型快淬态储氢合金的组织结构及电化学性能的影响，在773K和973K分别对三种成分的快淬态储氢合金La1-xAx（Ni，Co，Sn）5进行了热处理，利用XRD与TEM技术分析了合金热处理前后的组织结构，利用充放电测试装置，研究了合金热处理前后的电化学性能．研究结果表明：热处理使合金内部晶格应力得以释放，恢复了扭曲的晶胞形状，使合金可以吸收更多的氢；热处理使晶粒得以细化，晶界比例相应增加，抗粉化能力增强．经过热处理后合金的容量及循环寿命均有所提高。     

Pressure induced structural behaviour in f-electron based AB, AB2 and AB3 intermetallics

The rare-earth and actinide based compounds are endowed with several exotic physical and chemical properties due to the presence of f-electrons. Under pressure, the nature of f-electrons can be changed from localized to itinerant, leading to significant changes in their structural, physical and chemical properties. The present review on these f-electron based binary intermetallics compounds is an outcome of a detailed literature survey as well as our own research` during the last one decade. It attempts to bring out the structural sequences observed among the various homologues and their correlations with their electronic structure. It is seen that the majority of the AB type compounds show the NaCl to CsCl type structural transformation; whereas the AB₃ type compounds stabilizing in cubic structure at STP, remain stable over a wide pressure range. However, the AB₂ type compounds exhibit a variety of structural transitions, which broadly fall into the following sequence: MgCu₂ →.......... → CeCu₂ → AlB₂ → ZrSi₂ → ThSi₂ → SmSb₂ →.......... Further, the structural transitions, the transition pressures and bulk modulii values in any homologous series are seen to follow a systematic trend with respect to the atomic numbers of their constituent elements.     

Iron-substituted AB5-type MH electrode

The present investigation is aimed to study MmNi₅-type (Mm = Mischmetal) hydrogen storage alloys with composition, Mm_0·8La_0·2Ni_3·7Al_0·38Co_0·3Mn_0·6?x Mo_0·02Fe _x (x = 0, 0·1, 0·2 and 0·3). The alloys are synthesized by radio-frequency induction melting. To study their electrochemical properties via measurements of discharge capacity, activation process, rate capability and cyclic stability, electrodes are fabricated using as-synthesized and annealed version of the alloys. The maximum discharge capacity is recorded as 288 mAhg^?1 for the iron concentration, x = 0·1, as compared to 270 mAhg^?1 for the alloy electrode without iron. Similarly, 99% cyclic stability is observed in annealed alloy electrode (x = 0·1) as compared to 78% in the alloy electrode without iron. Hence, small amount of iron-substitution (x = 0·1) in the alloy is found to improve the electrochemical properties. This improvement is thought to be due to less pulverization of the alloy in electrochemically-cycled alloy, as confirmed through structural and microstructural characterizations carried out by X-ray diffraction phase analysis and scanning electron microscopy of as-fabricated and electrochemically-cycled electrodes.     

Surface modification of AB(2) and AB(5) hydrogen storage alloy electrodes by the hot-charging treatment

The effect of the hot-charging treatment on the performance ofAB2 and AB5 hydrogen storage alloy electrodes was investigated. The result showed that the treatment can markedly improve the voltage plateau ratio (VPR), the high rate discharge ability (HRDA), the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen DH and the discharge capacity of the AB2 hydrogen storage alloy electrode. The SEM analysis showed that the hot-charging treatment brings about a Ni-rich surface due to the dissolution of Zr oxides. It is also very helpful for the improvement of the kinetic properties of AB2 hydrogen storage alloy electrode because the microcracking o.f the surface results in fresh surface. This can be the basic modification treatment for NiMH battery used in electric vehicles (EVs) in the future. But for AB5 type alloys, the treatment has the disadvantage of impairing the comprehensive electrochemical properties, because the surface of the alloy may be corroded during the treatment. The mechanism of the surface modification of the electrode is also proposed.     

Biosorption of Acid Blue 290 (AB 290) and Acid Blue 324 (AB 324) dyes on Spirogyra rhizopus

In this study, the biosorption of Acid Blue 290 and Acid Blue 324 on Spirogyra rhizopus, a green algae growing on fresh water, was studied with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and biosorbent concentration. The optimum initial pH and temperature values for AB 290 and AB 324 biosorption were found to be 2.0, 30 degrees C and 3.0, 25 degrees C, respectively. It was observed that the adsorbed AB 290 and AB 324 amounts increased with increasing the initial dye concentration up to 1500 and 750 mg/L, respectively. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Koble-Corrigan isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data and the isotherm constants were determined by using Polymath 4.1 software. The monolayer coverage capacities of S. rhizopus for AB 290 and AB 324 dyes were found as 1356.6 mg/g and 367.0 mg/g, respectively. The intraparticle diffusion model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model were applied to the experimental data in order to describe the removal mechanism of these acidic dyes by S. rhizopus. The pseudo-second order kinetic model described very well the biosorption kinetics of AB 290 and AB 324 dyes. Thermodynamic studies showed that the biosorption of AB 290 and AB 324 on S. rhizopus was exothermic in nature.     

Epitaxial growth of AB type compounds under quasi-equilibrium conditions

Single-crystal films of CdS, CdSe and CdTe have been grown in vacuum on mica (fluophlogopite and muscovite) under isothermal conditions, i.e. with T_ev ≈ T_ep ≈ T_gr where T_ev and T_ep are the evaporation and epitaxial temperatures respectively and T_gr is the growth temperature. The synthesis was carried out in the temperature range 430°–800°C in the case of CdS, 300°–650°C for CdSe and 270°–550°C for CdTe. It is shown that the growth rate of single crystal layers (V_gr) depends exponentially on the growth temperature: V_gr (Å/sec) = D exp (−E/RT_gr) Perfect epitaxial CdS, CdSe and CdTe films have a wide range of electrophysical properties. Co-evaporation of CdS and sulphur and of CdSe and selenium allowed high-resistance films of cadmium sulphide and cadmium selenide of both n- and p-types to be obtained.     

Hysteresis in Ce-based AB5-type metal hydrides

The effect of partial substitution of Ni in Ce_1-xLa_xNi₅ intermetallic compound-hydrogen systems by Al, Sn and Co on hysteresis has been studied by pressure-composition-isotherm measurements. Al- and Sn-containing systems manifested a dramatic lowering of equilibrium pressures in comparison with their corresponding base compounds which can be attributed to higher Al and Sn atomic radii than that of Ni, and consequently, expanded intermetallic matrix. The addition of tin led also to widening of the -region (solid solution) and shortening of the isotherm plateaus accompanied with significant reduction of hysteresis. The Co-substituted compositions were found to be of particular importance among CeNi₅-based systems because of their unique capability to reduce hysteresis without decreasing equilibrium pressures. This effect was due to nearly equal atomic radii of Ni and Co, and therefore, unaffected lattice parameters, and on the other hand, to the appearance of an intermediate hydride phase.     

High-pressure AB2 metal hydrides with low hysteresis

The effect of minor substitution for Mn on the basic hydriding properties of Ti_0.95Zr_0.05Cr_1.2Mn_0.7X_0.1 (X = Mn, Fe, Co or V) has been studied at 20 and 60 °C in order to find alloy-hydrogen systems for high-pressure applications in which high capacity, low hysteresis and flat pressure-composition-isotherm (PCI) plateaus are required. Samples have been synthesized by arc melting, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and volumetric PCI measurements. Experimental evidence shows that even a small amount of V practically eliminates hysteresis while at the same time the PCI plateau slopes increase. Co-substitution also decreases hysteresis and keeps the PCI plateaus flat, but Fe-substitution does not seem to have any favourable effect on the basic hydriding properties. Possibility to study the relationship between hysteresis effect of high-pressure hydrides and their crystal structure is discussed.     

论相似思维与创新思维

本文在肯定相似思维对创新的作用基础上,阐述了创新思维的内涵,并阐述了逆反思维和系统思维这样一些同样重要创新思维。