泡沫铝芯体夹层板压缩力学性能的试验研究

本文对泡沫铝芯体夹层板材的准静态和动态力学性能进行了试验研究.在SHPB设备上测试了不同冲击速度时的动态压缩响应,为了对比,也测试了静态压缩力学性能.结果表明泡沫铝芯体夹层板准静态和动态压缩过程均具有明显的三阶段特征.即弹性区、屈服平台区和致密区.随着应变率的增加,泡沫铝芯体夹层板的动态屈服强度增加,具有明显的应变率效应.     

泡沫铝填充金属波纹板耦合增强机理研究

将闭孔泡沫铝填充到空心金属波纹板孔隙当中即可获得泡沫铝填充波纹板结构,对其准静态压缩吸能特性进行实验表征。研究表明,泡沫铝填充波纹板其压缩应力远高于泡沫铝与空心波纹板二者单独压缩应力之和,表现出明显的耦合增强效应,其单位质量峰值抗压缩强度及单位质量能量吸收率(SEA)可分别高达对应空心结构的6.3及14.8倍,即使和泡沫铝相比,其SEA仍可提高50%以上。进一步通过对空心波纹芯体结构的屈曲变形模式研究表明,泡沫铝的填充给予了波纹芯体单元足够强的横向支撑,使其变形模式转变为空心结构难以产生的更加高阶的屈曲变形模式,屈曲波长变短,产生耦合增强效应。     

粉末包套轧制工艺对泡沫铝夹芯板制备的影响

采用粉末包套轧制法成功制备出泡沫铝夹层板,通过对粉末包套轧制工艺的研究,结合SAYN-CG90数码相机和扫描电镜(SEM)等检测方法系统研究了初始密度和压下率对制备可发泡预制体的影响,以及泡沫铝夹层板的泡孔结构的影响,结果表明:当初始密度大于2.40g/cm3,压下率为65%~75%的时候,可以获得面板表面良好,粉体均匀、致密的预制坯,并且实现面板与芯层的有效结合,最终获得泡孔结构完整和均匀的泡沫铝夹芯板。     

泡沫铝夹层结构力学性能有限元模拟的现状与展望

本文主要概括了泡沫铝夹层结构动态力学问题的研究进展,简单总结了影响泡沫铝夹层结构力学性能的主要因素:面板和芯体材料的性能,结合方式及应变率。最后,介绍了利用有限元模拟泡沫铝夹芯结构压缩性能和吸能性的研究现状,对泡沫铝夹层结构的应用现状提了一些观点。     

开孔泡沫铝动态力学行为的有限元分析

通过建立部分开孔单胞模型,并运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对开孔泡沫铝的动态力学行为进行有限元分析。结果表明:无论是中、低应变率还是高应变率,开孔泡沫铝的屈服强度和流动应力对应变率存在敏感性。开孔泡沫铝的应变率效应受孔隙率影响,随着孔隙率的增加,开孔泡沫铝的应变率效应明显降低。在动态载荷下,开孔泡沫铝呈现三种不同的变形模式。     

泡沫铝层合圆管纵向和横向压缩力学性能研究

用碳化硅颗粒增强泡沫铝为夹芯,不锈钢圆管为面板制备层合圆管,研究了层合圆管在准静态压缩条件下的纵向和横向变形行为和能量吸收性能.研究表明,层合圆管的纵向压缩变形方式与空管相比发生了改变,由不对称变形模式变为轴对称变形模式;载荷-位移曲线平台段锯齿形波动与曲屈圈的形成呈现对应关系;层合圆管纵向和横向的吸能能力均远大于不锈钢圆管和泡沫铝吸收的能量之和,并且随着应变的增加,层合圆管的吸能能力增加更为快速;层合圆管在保持泡沫铝轻质的同时,在纵向和横向两个方向上均大幅度提高泡沫铝的吸能能力.     

硅橡胶填充泡沫铝层合管的压缩和吸能性能

采用挤压法在开孔泡沫铝中充填硅橡胶,以硅橡胶填充开孔泡沫铝为芯、铝管和钢管为面板制备层合管,研究了静态压缩条件下充填硅橡胶后泡沫铝及其层合金属管的变形行为和能量吸收性能。研究表明：在泡沫铝中充填硅橡胶后,泡沫铝的平台区比原来增高、增长,其吸能性能也得到提高;由于泡沫铝的充填,钢管的变形方式发生改变,由不对称屈曲转变为轴对称屈曲;充填硅橡胶的泡沫铝层合金属管具有比原来更高的屈曲褶皱载荷,且屈曲褶皱的产生滞后,其吸能性能也得到提高,硅橡胶充填对层合钢管的影响比对层合铝管的影响更明显。     

SiC颗粒对粉末冶金泡沫铝的力学性能影响

本文在SiC颗粒增强粉末冶金泡沫铝压缩试验的基础上,研究SiC颗粒对其力学性能、吸能能力和吸能效率的影响。结果表明:SiC颗粒增强粉末冶金泡沫铝压缩应力应变曲线,呈现线弹性变形、屈服平台阶段、致密化阶段;其屈服强度随SiC颗粒的体积百分含量增大而增大。     

盐球渗透铸造法制备开孔泡沫铝的孔结构及压缩性能

使用圆盘造粒机制备近球形的NaCl颗粒,并将其用于渗透铸造制备开孔泡沫铝。盐球的平均抗压缩强度为3.9 MPa,在超声波清洗机中可在5 min内完全塌陷。通过控制热压烧结时间为0.5～2 h,热压温度700℃,可制备堆积密度在0.66～0.83 g/cm³的预制体。延长热压烧结时间会使开孔泡沫铝的孔径从0.48 mm增加到1.16 mm,孔隙率从64%增加到82%。压缩实验结果表明,不同孔隙结构下泡沫体的宏观变形特征基本相同,均表现出逐层塌陷的变形特征。此外,泡沫铝的致密化应变值、弹性模量、平台屈服应力和能量吸收能力均随着孔隙率的增加而降低。当孔隙率为64%时,能量吸收能力最大(15.0 MJ·m^-3)。     

泡沫铝夹芯板粉末冶金发泡机理的SR-CT研究

利用同步辐射装置的SR-CT,通过图像的断层扫描及3D重建,对轧制复合-粉末冶金发泡工艺制备的泡沫铝夹芯板(AFS)进行了泡孔结构演化的研究,分析了发泡过程中孔隙率的变化及大尺寸连通孔的形成原因。研究结果表明:具有微米级空间分辨率的SR-CT可清晰地观测到泡孔萌生及生长各阶段的泡沫结构。泡孔在发泡15~30 s阶段生成,形状为垂直于轧制方向的类裂纹孔。发泡45 s时,泡孔开始发生明显合并,继续延长发泡时间易导致形成大尺寸连通孔。芯层泡沫铝的孔隙率在泡孔的萌生阶段及合并阶段增长幅度较大,减少混料时发泡剂的"团聚"及提高芯层粉末致密度可获得良好的芯层泡沫结构。     

Micro-CT characterization of structural features and deformation behavior of fly ash/aluminum syntactic foam

The structure of a fly ash/aluminum syntactic foam was characterized using X-ray microcomputed tomography. Microstructural features, such as size, morphology and distribution of fly ash microballoons, were quantitatively related to the deformation behavior using interrupted compression tests. The syntactic foam was found to exhibit four distinct stages of deformation: (i) elastic; (ii) dispersed collapse of the fly ash microballoons; (iii) unification of the dispersed collapse region forming a band of densification, usually normal to the loading axis, via localized plasticity; and (iv) final densification. The tomographic observations show that deformation is initially controlled by the fragmentation and collapse of dispersed individual fly ash particles. After significant strain, sufficient microballoons have collapsed, localizing the stress and hence damage, and forming densification bands through severe plastic deformation of the aluminum matrix. A peak stress of 73 MPa and an energy absorption capacity of 27 MJ m^?3 at 47% strain were obtained.     

泡沫铝填充波纹夹芯板面外压缩的三维效应

研究了闭孔泡沫铝板、3种空心波纹铝板和3种用环氧树脂粘接而成的闭孔泡沫铝填充波纹铝板的平面外压缩性能.泡沫填充波纹铝板不仅能显著提高抗压强度和吸能能力,而且力学性能更加稳定.泡沫填充波纹板具有明显的三维压缩效果.铝合金板材强度越小,三维延伸变形越明显.由3种不同强度的铝合金板制成的泡沫铝填充波纹板具有相似的力学性能.成...     

Peculiar formation mechanism of a plateau stress region during dynamic compressive deformation of porous carbon steel with oriented cylindrical pores

Dynamic and quasi-static compressive deformation of as-cast and normalized porous S15CK carbon steels with cylindrical pores oriented in one direction was investigated at 298 and 77 K, using the split Hopkinson pressure bar method and a universal testing machine, combined with an acoustic emission measurement system, to clarify the formation mechanism of a plateau stress region where deformation proceeds with almost no stress increase. Dynamic and quasi-static compressions perpendicular to the orientation of the pores at 298 and 77 K do not produce a plateau stress region in the as-cast and normalized porous S15CK, because the localized crack formation and slip deformation that originate from the large concentration of stress around pores promotes densification in the early stage of the stress-strain curves. When the samples undergo dynamic compression parallel to the pore direction at 77 K, the matrix becomes brittle, and cracks are easily formed. However, the pores do not easily collapse, because they are oriented along the compressive direction. Therefore, densification occurs at a higher strain level. In addition, the formation of small cracks in the matrix decreases the work hardening rate. As a result, a plateau stress region with high stress amplitude and wide strain range appears, which is independent of the microstructure. This mechanism for the formation of the plateau stress region is completely different from that of metal foams with isotropic pores, which is based on sequential inhomogeneous deformation. As a result, energy absorption 10 times that of commercial aluminum foams is achieved.     

Exploring Plastic Deformation Mechanism of Multilayered Cu/Ti Composites by Using Molecular Dynamics ModelingEI北大核心CSCD

Multilayered metallic composites have attracted great interest because of their excellent characteristics. In recent years, the mechanical behavior of Cu/Ti composites is described in terms of macroscopic or mesoscopic scales, but the micromechanism regarding dislocation slip, twinning and shear banding at heterogeneous interfaces remains unclear. In this work, the molecular dynamics method is used to study the uniaxial tensile and plane strain compression deformation of the Cu/Ti multilayered composites with characteristic initial crystal orientations. The simulation results show that under the tensile load, dislocations are preferentially nucleated at the heterogeneous interface between Cu and Ti, and then slip along {111} plane within the Cu layers. The corresponding mechanism is confined layer slip. With the multiplication of dislocations, dislocations interact with each other, and intrinsic stacking faults and deformation twins are formed in Cu layers. However, no dislocation slip or twinning is activated within the Ti layers at this stage of deformation. As the load increases, the stress concentration at the Cu/Ti interface leads to the fracture of the composites. For the composites under plane strain compression, the stress concentration at the Cu/Ti interface triggers the formation of shear bands in the Ti layer, and there are only very limited dislocations within the shear bands and their adjacent area. With the increase of applied strain, the common action of various deformation mechanisms causes the grains to rotate, and the disorder degree of complex atoms increases. In addition, the micro-plastic deformation mechanism and mechanical properties of Cu/Ti complex with different initial orientations and strain rates are significantly different. The results reveal the microscopic deformation mechanism of the laminated composites containing hcp metals.     

高比强多孔铝合金中空层合圆管的压缩性能

研制了高比强多孔铝合金中空层合圆管,测试了层合圆管的压缩应力-应变曲线,并研究了其性能.结果表明:层合圆管的压缩形变过程经历3个阶段,即线弹性阶段、屈服平台阶段和紧实阶段;紧实应变可用多孔铝合金的紧实应变表示;由应力-应变曲线计算出层合圆管的能量吸收性能,发现其吸收能量超过铝合金空管和中空多孔铝合金吸收能量之和;同时其吸能效率高于60%.     

功能梯度金属泡沫填充管在冲击载荷下的高效吸能

研究功能梯度泡沫填充管(FGFTs)在落锤冲击载荷作用下的变形行为和耐撞性.采用液态工艺制备的闭孔泡沫铝、A356合金泡沫和锌泡沫作为轴向梯度填料,用于制备不同构造的单层和多层结构.结果表明,多层泡沫填充管的变形由低强度部位开始,然后通过应力的逐渐增加在高强度部位中扩展.使用更多的A356合金和泡沫铝层可为梯度结构提供...     

应变速率对含空洞的镁孪晶界面塑性变形机制的影响

利用嵌入原子势的分子动力学模拟,研究了应变速率对含空洞的镁孪晶界面塑性变形机制的影响。结果表明,塑性变形的主要形式包括不全位错、滑移带和堆垛层错;应变速率不会改变试样的杨氏模量,应变速率愈大屈服应力愈大;随着应变速率增大,位错和滑移带的数量增加,堆垛层错的数目先增加后减小,位错运动自由行程的平均长度减小;随着变形进行,位错源不断产生新位错,导致位错密度提高;高应变速率时,晶界处容易形成应力集中,并会有微裂纹产生。     

Compressive properties of aluminum foams by gas injection method

The compressive properties of aluminum foams by gas injection method are investigated under both quasi-static and dynamic compressive loads in this paper.The experimental results indicate that the defo...     

泡沫Al合金的压缩性能及其能量吸收

研究了泡沫纯铝和泡沫ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ０．４５在单向压缩条件下的应力－应变（σ－ε）曲线,分析了它们的变形行为,并讨论了其能量吸收和能量吸收效率,结果表明：泡沫纯铝与泡沫Ａｌ合金的σ－ε曲线均由弹性变形段、平缓段和紧实段组成;在压缩过程中,泡沫纯铝的骨架变形以弯曲为主,泡沫ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ０．４５的骨架变形主要由局部断裂产生;在相同孔隙率下,泡沫ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ０．４５的能量吸收大于泡沫纯铝;能量吸收效率