冷冻贮藏对喷雾干燥羊乳粉品质特性的影响

本研究中对新鲜羊乳、低温冷冻（-16~-18 ℃）和超低温冷冻（-76~-80 ℃）贮藏3个月的常温解冻（20~25 ℃）羊乳进行喷雾干燥,制备了鲜羊乳粉、低温冷冻常温解冻（CFHT）羊乳粉和超低温冷冻常温解冻（UFHT）羊乳粉,对其品质进行比较分析。结果表明：喷雾干燥羊乳粉的水分质量分数符合国家标准,水分活度（A_w）均小于0.2,总色差（ΔE）均小于0.3,具有良好的贮藏特性;3组羊乳粉复水后多分散性指数（PDI）均小于0.3;激光共聚焦显微镜（CLMS）图像显示3组羊乳粉复水后组间脂肪球与蛋白质颗粒无明显差异。相比于鲜羊乳粉,CFHT和UFHT羊乳粉的脂肪损失较严重（P<0.05）,蛋白质和乳糖质量分数损失10%~19%（P<0.05）;而UFHT羊乳粉的蛋白质和乳糖高于CFHT羊乳粉,水分质量分数和A_w低于CFHT羊乳粉。因此,冷冻贮藏可用于喷雾干燥羊乳粉的制备,且UFHT羊乳粉的品质优于CFHT羊乳粉。     

电子束辐照对不同品种猕猴桃品质的影响

以4 个品种（‘海沃德’‘徐香’‘华优’‘亚特’）猕猴桃为试材,采用剂量分别为0.4、0.8、1.2 kGy的高能电子束辐照处理,于0～1 ℃、相对湿度90%～95%条件下贮藏,每15 d取样一次,测定电子束辐照处理对果实冷藏期硬度、质量损失率、可溶性固形物质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数、VC含量等品质指标的影响,探究电子束辐照对猕猴桃贮藏品质的影响,为猕猴桃采后保鲜技术提供理论依据。结果表明,电子束辐照处理对维持猕猴桃的贮藏品质有一定积极作用。适宜剂量电子束辐照能抑制猕猴桃贮藏期间果实的质量损失,延缓可滴定酸质量分数的下降,提高类黄酮含量,在贮藏前期提升多酚含量,但硬度、VC含量经辐照后有所降低,且可溶性固形物质量分数升高。相比其他剂量,0.8 kGy电子束辐照能够较好地延缓猕猴桃可溶性固形物质量分数升高和可滴定酸含量降低,提高多酚和类黄酮的含量。整体来看,4 个品种中‘海沃德’‘亚特’更加耐受电子束辐照,且0.4、0.8 kGy剂量的电子束辐照对‘海沃德’‘亚特’的采后贮藏保鲜效果较好,推荐0.4、0.8 kGy为‘海沃德’‘亚特’的采后保鲜辐照剂量。结论：适宜剂量的电子束辐照可以作为提升猕猴桃保鲜效果的有效手段。     

冻藏时间对生、熟猪肉品质的影响

冷冻是猪肉常用贮藏手段，然而长期冻藏会对猪肉及其烹后品质产生较大影响。作者研究了-18 ℃不同冻藏时间（0、120、240、360 d）对猪肉加热前后营养品质、食用品质和贮藏特性的影响。结果表明：随着猪肉冻藏时间的延长，生、熟猪肉中水分质量分数、弹性和可溶性蛋白质质量分数显著降低（P<0.05），游离氨基酸质量分数、POV值、TBARS质量分数均显著上升（P<0.05），硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性逐渐增加，电子鼻结果显示各组间风味具有显著差异（P<0.05）。表明猪肉品质随冻藏时间的延长而显著下降，且在冻藏120 d后，品质严重劣变，食用价值降低。     

具有极高热稳定性的β-（2，6）果聚糖蔗糖酶及其应用

挖掘具有高热稳定性的β-（2，6）果聚糖蔗糖酶（levansucrase，LS），并应用果聚糖蔗糖酶进行β-（2，6）果聚糖的高效合成。以分子动力学模拟的方式筛选出具有潜在高热稳定性的β-（2，6）果聚糖蔗糖酶。将目的酶在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21（DE3）中进行重组及诱导表达，并通过镍柱亲和层析进行纯化。在不同温度下进行保温实验以验证LS的热稳定性，并通过条件优化获得产物的高转化率。Cedi-LS在65 ℃时显示出最高活性，远高于已鉴定的其他LS。同时，在45 ℃下保温72 h，重组酶Cedi-LS能够保留90%以上的相对活性；在55 ℃下保温60 h，其保留活性仍可达到初始活性的60%以上，表现出优异的热稳定性。在反应过程中，Cedi-LS可同时生成低聚糖、低相对分子质量的β-（2，6）果聚糖和高相对分子质量的β-（2，6）果聚糖。当温度从65 ℃降至35 ℃时，Cedi-LS倾向于产生HMW-levan，其相对分子质量可达8.4×10⁶。在pH 5.5和35 ℃的条件下，以质量分数30%的蔗糖为底物，加酶量定20 μg/mL，蔗糖转化为β-（2，6）果聚糖的平衡转化率为41.4%。作者鉴定了一种具有高热稳定性的LS，并且这种LS能够高效生产一系列具有不同相对分子质量的果聚糖。     

发芽青稞的营养品质及降血压效果

作者以发芽前后青稞中β-葡聚糖、γ-氨基丁酸、游离氨基酸、总多酚等营养成分的质量分数以及β-葡聚糖酶、蛋白酶等酶活性为指标，并结合高血压大鼠收缩压、心率等指标的变化情况，研究萌发对青稞营养品质和其降血压效果的影响。结果发现，青稞β-葡聚糖、淀粉和蛋白质质量分数随萌发时间延长而降低，γ-氨基丁酸质量分数在萌发48 h达到最高，总多酚、总黄酮质量分数以及β-葡聚糖酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶的活力随萌发时间延长而增加。总游离氨基酸质量分数尤其是必需氨基酸质量分数经萌发处理后显著升高（P<0.05），表明发芽能提高青稞营养价值。此外，与青稞相比，发芽青稞更利于降低高血压大鼠的收缩压、心率、血管紧张素Ⅱ和血管生成素（P<0.05），表明发芽青稞有更好的缓解高血压作用。     

2016—2021年无锡市副溶血性弧菌毒力基因和耐药性分析及分子分型研究

目的 分析2016—2021年无锡市不同来源副溶血性弧菌的毒力基因、耐药性和分子分型结果。方法 采用多重荧光PCR、微量肉汤稀释法、脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分别对204株分离自无锡市各类监测样本中的副溶血性弧菌进行tlh/tdh/trh毒力基因检测、耐药试验和分子分型。数据比较采用χ²检验。结果 204株菌tlh基因携带率为100%（204/204），tdh基因携带率为82.35%（168/204），trh基因携带率为2.45%（5/204），食品及环境分离株与病患分离株tdh基因携带率差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。菌株对头孢唑啉耐药率最高达96.08%（196/204），对3种及以上抗菌药物的耐药率为2.94%（6/204），食品及环境分离株与病患分离株对氨苄西林、四环素、磺胺甲??唑/甲氧苄啶、环丙沙星耐药率差异具统计学意义（P<0.05）；204株副溶血性弧菌经过聚类分析，分为123个PFGE带型，相似度49.1%~100.0%，按85%的相似度聚类可分为18个带型簇。结论 无锡市副溶血性弧菌病患分离株大部分携带tdh基因；菌株对头孢唑啉耐药率最高；PFGE型别呈多态性，优势带型不明显。     

基于极端气温的西红柿Arrhenius品质预测耦合模型构建

目的：基于Arrhenius方程结合气象温度数据构建西红柿品质预测耦合模型,预测西红柿在极端气温下短期贮运过程的品质变化。方法：分析2020年潍坊、保定、大兴气象温度数据,选取7个温度点模拟西红柿在短期贮运过程中极端温度的变化范围。基于Arrhenius方程,结合气温与失重率、硬度、色差（ΔE）和感官评分（SE）构建西红柿品质预测耦合模型,并选取-10,12 ℃进行验证。结果：贮运48 h内,西红柿的失重率和ΔE逐渐增加,SE和硬度逐渐降低。基于Arrhenius方程结合气象温度数据构建品质预测耦合模型,0～36 ℃贮藏条件下,失重率和SE变化采用零级反应拟合,硬度与ΔE变化分别采用一级反应与半级反应拟合;-15～0 ℃贮藏条件下,SE、ΔE、失重率与硬度的变化均采用零级反应拟合。对预测模型进行验证,12 ℃贮藏条件下西红柿的失重率、硬度与SE的相对误差在15%以内（除48 h的）;-10 ℃贮藏条件下,西红柿的硬度与SE的相对误差在15%以内（除48 h的）。结论：基于Arrhenius方程结合极端气象温度数据构建的西红柿品质预测耦合模型能够有效预测极端温度条件下西红柿的品质。     

1-MCP处理结合低温贮藏对早生新水梨采后生理及品质的影响

目的：研究以品质调控为主要因素的保鲜技术。方法：以呼吸跃变型的早生新水梨果实为试材,经3.24 μL/L的1-MCP熏蒸处理后,放置于(10±1) ℃条件下贮藏;分别以不做任何处理、放置于(10±1) ℃和(1±1) ℃中贮藏的果实作对照一(CK1)和对照二(CK2),对贮藏期间的果实呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、果皮色差值、褐心指数、失重率和腐烂率进行测定和调查,并进行相关性分析。结果：与CK1相比,(10±1) ℃贮藏结合1-MCP处理可抑制果实的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度,推迟其高峰的出现,但对呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率的抑制效果仍显著低于CK2;可保持较高的可溶性固形物含量、减少果实水分的流失、延缓果实腐烂和褐变、维持果皮绿色(a*绝对值高、h°高)。整个贮藏期间,(10±1) ℃贮藏结合1-MCP处理的果实带皮硬度、果肉组织硬度、果实脆性和果肉紧实度显著高于CK1;但CK2对果实质地的保持效果仍高于(10±1) ℃贮藏结合1-MCP处理的效果;除呼吸强度、乙烯释放速率和褐心指数外,其他各项指标间均存在不同程度的相关性。结论：(10±1) ℃贮藏结合3.24 μL/L的1-MCP熏蒸处理安全贮藏期可达103 d,可溶性固形物含量稳定在12%左右,较好地保持了果实固有风味和色泽,可作为代替单一低温贮藏的保鲜技术之一。     

辐照方式对南酸枣糕品质及货架期的影响

目的：选择最佳辐照方式及辐照剂量处理南酸枣糕。方法：分别采用0～10 kGy梯度剂量⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照处理南酸枣糕,测定其微生物负载、蛋白质、脂肪、总糖、L（+）-抗坏血酸、有机酸、pH值及感官品质等指标以及在常温贮藏期间品质的变化。结果：⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对南酸枣糕杀菌作用明显,4 kGy辐照后样品中微生物限量指标菌（菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌）和致病菌限量指标菌（沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌）均未检出。不超过10 kGy的⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照对南酸枣糕中蛋白质、脂肪、总糖、有机酸（以柠檬酸为主）、pH值及感官品质无显著影响,但辐照后南酸枣糕中L（+）-抗坏血酸含量与对照组相比显著降低（P＜0.05）,与辐照剂量呈负相关,且⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照对其影响效应大于电子束辐照。设定4～10 kGy剂量⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照处理南酸枣糕批量产品,在常温下贮藏0～360 d,产品的微生物限量指标菌（菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌）均<10 CFU/g。南酸枣糕的气味、滋味和组织状态无明显变化,但随着贮藏时间延长,其色泽会由于发生褐变而加深,贮藏270 d尚可接受。结论：⁶⁰Co-γ射线和电子束辐照是南酸枣糕杀菌贮存的有效方法,推荐南酸枣糕辐照杀菌的工艺剂量为4～10 kGy。     

人源β-N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶I（h-GnT-I）的原核表达与活性鉴定

-β--N-乙酰葡糖胺转移酶I（-h-GnT-I）功能为在高尔基体中向糖蛋白上的N-寡糖M5GN2结构添加一个-β--1,2 连接的N-乙酰葡糖胺。为大量获得具有活性的-h-GnT-I蛋白,构建了重组表达质粒pET28a-MGAT1?驻TM并将其在大肠杆菌Rosetta菌株中表达。对诱导条件进行优化后,将获得的可溶性重组蛋白His-hGnT-IΔTM进行镍柱亲和纯化并通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测其体外活性和底物特异性。结果表明,大肠杆菌ROSETTA体系可以成功表达可溶性重组hGnT-I蛋白;该蛋白质相对分子质量约为42 800,在体外反应中具有相应的糖基转移酶活性;除天然糖链底物M5GN2外,该蛋白质可以识别非天然糖链底物M3GN2;产物经酶切反应验证,证明该蛋白质催化添加一个β糖苷键连接的N-乙酰葡糖胺的反应。本研究所开发的原核表达体系可以大量制备纯化的功能性重组hGnT-I蛋白,以应用于该蛋白质的性质研究以及N-糖链的体外合成。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press