Robust tracking and distributed synchronization control of a multi-motor servomechanism with H-infinity performance

The multi-motor servomechanism (MMS) is a multi-variable, high coupling and nonlinear system, which makes the controller design challenging. In this paper, an adaptive robust H-infinity control scheme is proposed to achieve both the load tracking and multi-motor synchronization of MMS. This control scheme consists of two parts: a robust tracking controller and a distributed synchronization controller. The robust tracking controller is constructed by incorporating a neural network (NN) K-filter observer into the dynamic surface control, while the distributed synchronization controller is designed by combining the mean deviation coupling control strategy with the distributed technique. The proposed control scheme has several merits: 1) by using the mean deviation coupling synchronization control strategy, the tracking controller and the synchronization controller can be designed individually without any coupling problem; 2) the immeasurable states and unknown nonlinearities are handled by a NN K-filter observer, where the number of NN weights is largely reduced by using the minimal learning parameter technique; 3) the H-infinity performances of tracking error and synchronization error are guaranteed by introducing a robust term into the tracking controller and the synchronization controller, respectively. The stabilities of the tracking and synchronization control systems are analyzed by the Lyapunov theory. Simulation and experimental results based on a four-motor servomechanism are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

精密伺服锻压机双电机同步控制方案分析

针对新型伺服锻压机存在电机精确同步的瓶颈问题,引入了双电机交叉耦合同步控制方案.该方案将主、从电机的电流进行比较,得到了一个差值作为从电机的附加反馈信号.从电机根据这一附加反馈信号对自身的速度进行了动态调整,从而获得了较好的同步精度.先从理论角度对比分析了主令双电机同步控制方案和交叉耦合双电机同步控制方案两者的控制效果以及存在的问题.接着分别使用主令双电机同步控制方案和交叉耦合双电机同步控制方案控制锻压机执行相同的工艺曲线,通过实验对比分析了两种同步方案下的耦合误差和两电机的扭矩曲线.研究结果表明,在紧耦合的双电机系统中,交叉耦合双电机同步控制方案能满足系统的位置和扭矩同步要求,两电机的同步误差在0.35°以内.     

Synchronization controller design of two coupling permanent magnet synchronous motors system with nonlinear constraints

In this paper, two coupling permanent magnet synchronous motors system with nonlinear constraints is studied. First of all, the mathematical model of the system is established according to the engineering practices, in which the dynamic model of motor and the nonlinear coupling effect between two motors are considered. In order to keep the two motors synchronization, a synchronization controller based on load observer is designed via cross-coupling idea and interval matrix. Moreover, speed, position and current signals of two motor all are taken as self-feedback signal as well as cross-feedback signal in the proposed controller, which is conducive to improving the dynamical performance and the synchronization performance of the system. The proposed control strategy is verified by simulation via Matlab/Simulink program. The simulation results show that the proposed control method has a better control performance, especially synchronization performance, than that of the conventional PI controller.     

A disturbance observer-based adaptive control approach for flexure beam nano manipulators

This paper presents a systematic modeling and control methodology for a two-dimensional flexure beam-based servo stage supporting micro/nano manipulations. Compared with conventional mechatronic systems, such systems have major control challenges including cross-axis coupling, dynamical uncertainties, as well as input saturations, which may have adverse effects on system performance unless effectively eliminated. A novel disturbance observer-based adaptive backstepping-like control approach is developed for high precision servo manipulation purposes, which effectively accommodates model uncertainties and coupling dynamics. An auxiliary system is also introduced, on top of the proposed control scheme, to compensate the input saturations. The proposed control architecture is deployed on a customized-designed nano manipulating system featured with a flexure beam structure and voice coil actuators (VCA). Real time experiments on various manipulating tasks, such as trajectory/contour tracking, demonstrate precision errors of less than 1%.     

Adaptive sensor fault-tolerant control for a class of multi-input multi-output nonlinear systems: Adaptive first-order filter-based dynamic surface control approach

This paper is concerned with the adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem for a class of multivariable nonlinear systems with external disturbances, modeling errors and time-varying sensor faults. The bias, drift, loss of accuracy and loss of effectiveness faults can be effectively accommodated by this scheme. The dynamic surface control (DSC) technique and adaptive first-order filters are brought together to design an adaptive FTC scheme which can reduce significantly the computational burden and improve further the control performance. The adaptation laws are constructed using novel low-pass filter based modification terms which enable under high learning or modification gains to achieve robust, fast and high-accuracy estimation without incurring undesired high-frequency oscillations. It is proved that all signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded and the tracking-errors can be made arbitrary close to zero. Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FTC method.     

Adaptive neural network based position tracking control for Dual-master/Single-slave teleoperation system under communication constant time delays

The novel trajectory tracking control strategies for trilateral teleoperation systems with Dual-master/Single-slave robot manipulators under communication constant time delays are proposed in this article. By incorporating this design technique into the neural network (NN) based adaptive control framework, two controllers are designed for the trilateral teleoperation systems in free motion. First, with acceleration measurements, an adaptive controller under the synchronization variables containing the position and velocity error is constructed to guarantee the position and velocity tracking errors between the trilateral teleoperation systems asymptotically converge to zero. Second, without acceleration measurements, an adaptive controller under the new synchronization variables is presented such that the trilateral teleoperation systems can obtain the same trajectory tracking performance as the first controller. Third, in term of establishing suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, the asymptotic tracking performances of the trilateral teleoperation systems can be derived independent of the communication constant time delays. Moreover, these two controllers are obtained without the knowledge of upper bounds of the NN approximation errors, respectively. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods.     

Synchronization control for bilateral teleoperation system with position error constraints: A fixed-time approach

In this work, a novel exponential-type Barrier Lyapunov Function (EBLF) is proposed to address the synchronization control issue for a class of bilateral teleoperation systems with system uncertainties, external disturbances, and constraint requirement. The most prominent feature of the EBLF is that it can be used in a unified scheme, which deals with full state constrained and output constrained problems. Moreover, a novel control strategy is incorporated with the EBLF to achieve fixed-time convergence into a small set while the synchronization position tracking errors are guaranteed to never exceed the predefined constraints through the “adding a power integrator” technique, and the estimated settling time is shown to be independent of initial values. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

MTPA control of mechanical sensorless IPMSM based on adaptive nonlinear control

In this paper, an adaptive nonlinear control scheme has been proposed for implementing maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy corresponding to interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive. This control scheme is developed in the rotor d–q axis reference frame using adaptive input–output state feedback linearization (AIOFL) method. The drive system control stability is supported by Lyapunov theory. The motor inductances are online estimated by an estimation law obtained by AIOFL. The estimation errors of these parameters are proved to be asymptotically converged to zero. Based on minimizing the motor current amplitude, the MTPA control strategy is performed by using the nonlinear optimization technique while considering the online reference torque. The motor reference torque is generated by a conventional rotor speed PI controller. By performing MTPA control strategy, the generated online motor d–q reference currents were used in AIOFL controller to obtain the SV-PWM reference voltages and the online estimation of the motor d–q inductances. In addition, the stator resistance is online estimated using a conventional PI controller. Moreover, the rotor position is detected using the online estimation of the stator flux and online estimation of the motor q-axis inductance. Simulation and experimental results obtained prove the effectiveness and the capability of the proposed control method.     

Adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for a robotic aircraft flexible tooling system

A robotic aircraft flexible tooling system is proposed in this paper, of which high-precision synchronous motion control of dual robots is a key part. In order to alleviate the effects of the mechanical coupling over synchronous and tracking errors of the two robots, a cross-coupling scheme based on an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) is developed. First, the mechanical coupling model is established by dynamics analysis of the dual-robot driving system. Then, a novel cross-coupling error is proposed, which combines both the position and speed tracking and synchronous errors of dual robots. Moreover, the cross-coupling control scheme based on AFSMC is presented. For the proposed AFSMC, a fuzzy logic controller is adopted to generate the hitting control signal, and the output gain of the sliding mode control is tuned online by a supervisory fuzzy system. Finally, the preferable performance of the proposed AFSMC cross-coupling approach is verified by the simulation results compared with the conventional proportional-integral-derivative control and SMC cross-coupling controls.     

Adaptive super-twisting sliding mode observer based robust backstepping sensorless speed control for IPMSM

This paper proposes a higher-order sliding mode observer based robust backstepping control to realize high-performance sensorless speed regulation for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). A new robust adaptive super-twisting higher-order sliding mode based observer is proposed to estimate the rotor position. The proposed observer has advantages of sliding chattering reduction and robustness against uncertainties. And, a new robust integral adaptive backstepping control with sliding mode actions is designed to achieve precise speed regulation. The uncertainties with unknown bounds can be stabilized by the sliding mode actions. And both transient and steady performance can be achieved by using the sliding mode and integral actions simultaneously. Then, a sensorless scheme is put forward to by combining the presented observer and the proposed controller. The stability of the observer and controller are verified. Simulation and experiment results validate the proposed approach.     

Stabilization and synchronization for a mechanical system via adaptive sliding mode control

In this paper, we investigate the synchronization problem of chaotic centrifugal flywheel governor with parameters uncertainty and lumped disturbances. A slave centrifugal flywheel governor system is considered as an underactuated following-system which a control input is designed to follow a master centrifugal flywheel governor system. To tackle lumped disturbances and uncertainty parameters, a novel synchronization control law is developed by employing sliding mode control strategy and Nussbaum gain technique. Adaptation updating algorithms are derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability analysis such that the lumped disturbances can be suppressed and the adverse effect caused by uncertainty parameters can be compensated. In addition, the synchronization tracking-errors are proven to converge to a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Synchronization of complex dynamical networks with random coupling delay and actuator faults

This paper addresses the issue of passivity-based synchronization problem for a family of Markovian jump neutral complex dynamical networks (NCDNs) with coupling delay and actuator faults. Also, by considering the effect of random fluctuation in complex dynamical network systems, the occurrence of coupling delay are taken in terms of a stochastic distribution, which obeys the Bernoulli distribution. To handle the fault effects in actuators of proposed complex network systems, an actuator fault model is considered. The main objective of this paper is to develop a robust state feedback controller such that for all possible actuator failures and random coupling delays, all nodes of the proposed Markovian jump NCDNs is globally asymptotically synchronized to the reference node in mean square sense and guarantee the output strict passivity performance. By developing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and utilizing the Wirtinger-based integral inequality, the required a set of sufficient conditions for the synchronization of proposed system is established in form of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, three numerical examples including a 3-dimensional Lorenz chaotic model are provided to demonstrate the correctness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.     

大型低速风洞多通道电液伺服阵风发生器协同驱动控制策略研究

为在FL-10大型低速风洞开展飞机模型阵风影响相关试验研究,建立了4通道电液伺服马达驱动的摆动叶片式阵风发生器。4个通道独立控制方式,简化了系统结构,使发生器具备了多频率与多波形阵风模拟能力,但对多通道同步性也产生了更高的要求。针对4通道电液同步伺服控制,提出了一种改进的共反馈同步误差校正控制方案。共反馈同步误差校正控制方案利用主反馈误差来实现对跟踪误差的控制,并通过同步误差完成马达控制系统的反馈补偿,以达到更高的同步控制精度并提升运动性能。通过仿真和试验验证了同步控制算法的有效性。风洞流场校测结果表明:电液伺服摆动马达驱动能力强,动态高,生成的正弦波精度高,研制的发生器在来流风速70 m/s下可稳定工作,叶片最大摆动频率为16 Hz。     

Periodic speed ripples minimization in PM synchronous motors using repetitive learning variable structure control

In this paper, we propose a simple repetitive learning variable structure control (RLVSC) scheme to reduce periodic speed ripples in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). These speed ripples are induced by parasitic torque pulsations that vary periodically with rotor position. The conventional PI speed controller is able to reduce speed ripples to a certain extent but not sufficient enough for many high performance applications. During steady state, the RLVSC generates a reference compensation current that together with the outer loop PI speed controller is used to minimize the speed ripples. Being a plug-in module, the proposed RLVSC controller can be easily integrated to any of the existing PMSM drive systems. Experimental evaluation of the proposed scheme is carried out on a DSP-controlled PMSM drive platform. Test results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in reducing speed ripples by a factor of approximately 3 under various operating conditions.     

基于自适应反演的超细金刚线张力控制系统

针对多线切割机张力控制系统存在库仑摩擦和摆角耦合等较强非线性特征,以及收放卷轮直径变化引起的参数不确定问题,提出了一种基于自适应反演的非线性补偿控制方法。该方法结合实验辨识和自适应参数控制器设计方法分别对多线切割机的多轴电机同步运动控制系统和不确定系统参数进行简化分析和在线估计,使用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论保证了系统全局渐近稳定性以及系统状态的有界性。仿真和实验结果表明,所设计的自适应控制器可以实现多轴同步运动,并将张力摆角控制在较小的范围内,获得更高的张力控制精度。     

Adaptive output-feedback control with prescribed performance for trajectory tracking of underactuated surface vessels

In this paper, we address the problem of trajectory tracking control of underactuated surface vessels in a quantitative method with only position and attitude available. Combined with high-gain observer, parameter compression algorithm and performance function, an adaptive control scheme with prescribed performance is proposed. The high-gain observer is constructed to estimate the velocities, and the parameter compression algorithm is adopted to address persistent perturbations and model uncertainties in a more concise way. By prescribed performance function, the controller can be designed with prescribed performance. The results about system stability is given and proved by using the Lyapunov direct method. The signals concerning with all the errors converge to a bounded set. Compared with the existing methods, the developed scheme can reduce the number of tuning parameters, and guarantee the tracking errors bounded within the prescribed performance constraints in the transformed coordinate, which means the steady errors, convergence rates and maximum overshoots can be guaranteed by the performance function. Comparison and numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

Decentralized adaptive control of interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown control directions

In this paper, we propose a decentralized adaptive control scheme for a class of interconnected strict-feedback nonlinear systems without a priori knowledge of subsystems' control directions. To address this problem, a novel Nussbaum-type function is proposed and a key theorem is drawn which involves quantifying the interconnections of multiple Nussbaum-type functions of the subsystems with different control directions in a single inequality. Global stability of the closed-loop system and asymptotic stabilization of subsystems' output are proved and a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

基于广义预测相邻耦合理论的多点顶推系统同步控制策略

针对多点顶推系统的同步控制问题,提出了一种广义预测相邻耦合同步控制策略。根据多变量广义预测理论,建立了多缸电液伺服系统的CARIMA模型。结合相邻耦合控制理论,构造了同步误差观测器,预测了同步误差。对广义预测控制算法进行了改进,在性能指标中嵌入跟踪误差与同步误差及其差分量,确保同步误差与跟踪误差在全局范围内并渐进收敛于零。实验表明该策略较之主从式PID控制策略,具有更好的跟踪性能和同步性能。     

交流电机位置伺服系统的扰动补偿控制

针对交流电机伺服系统在未知负载条件下进行准确位置控制的需求,提出了一种参数化复合控制方案。该方案建立在交流电机磁场定向矢量控制构架的基础上,以转矩电流作为控制信号(电流内环的给定值),以电机转角位置信号作为可量测的系统输出量,设计了基于极点配置的状态反馈与扰动前馈补偿组成的参数化控制律,并利用一个降阶线性扩展状态观测器对电机转速(未量测)和未知负载扰动加以估计。该控制律通过TMS320F28335DSP编程,在一台永磁同步电机伺服系统上进行了实验测试,实验结果验证了伺服系统能在未知负载情况下对各目标位置进行平稳且准确地跟踪。研究结果表明,这种基于扩展状态观测器的复合控制方案可以有效地实现交流伺服系统的高性能位置调节,且对负载幅值和模型参数差异具有较好的鲁棒性。     

单神经元PID在多电机控制中的应用

本文通过对多电机同步控制的原理及其特点分析,设计了具有自学习和自适应能力的单神经元PID同步控制器,建立了单神经元PID控制规则,提出了多电机同步控制的单神经元PID学习算法。系统仿真结果表明,运用单神经元自适应PID控制器能有效实现多电机同步控制,收敛速度较快,鲁棒性较好,且抗干扰能力强。最后,基于MCF5235微控制器,通过VxWorks实时嵌入式操作系统,应用于四轴同步控制系统,结果表明单神经元自适应PID同步控制器能大大增强系统的动态性能,有效缓解负载带来的同步误差,在相同扰动情况下,该方法能更好的使多电机以一定速度同步运行。