蒸烤模式对南美白对虾食用品质的影响

以南美白对虾为研究对象,以色差值、质构品质、游离氨基酸含量及感官评分为指标,通过色彩色差计、物性测试仪、氨基酸专用高效液相色谱仪以及感官评价法考察不同蒸烤模式(纯蒸、纯烤、先蒸后烤、先烤后蒸、蒸烤交替)对虾肉食用品质的影响.结果表明:先烤后蒸模式下虾皮和虾肉的L*值显著低于其他4种模式(P<0.05);纯烤模式下虾的硬...     

植物乳杆菌发酵对马铃薯全粉面条品质的影响

我国已提出马铃薯主食化战略,但主食中添加马铃薯粉后,会产品过黏、难成型等问题。乳酸菌发酵可能改善这种现象,对马铃薯主食化战略的推进具有积极意义。利用高产淀粉酶的植物乳杆菌CGMCC 14177发酵马铃薯生粉,并与小麦粉混合压制成面条,通过测定其断条率、蒸煮损失率、浊度、质构及感官特性指标,研究发酵时间及马铃薯粉添加量对面条品质的影响。结果表明:添加发酵10 h的马铃薯粉制作的面条品质最佳,最大添加量可达30%,与添加未发酵粉的马铃薯面条相比,面条的黏度显著降低,最大剪切力明显提高,与纯小麦制作的面条品质更为相近。     

不同焙烤条件的烤马铃薯条品质对比

为了探究烤马铃薯条的焙烤工艺,对比分析了不同焙烤温度和时间组合下,马铃薯条的水分含量、水分状态、抗氧化性、总酚含量、风味物质、色度及质构特性的变化规律。结果表明,随着焙烤温度的升高和焙烤时间的缩短,烤马铃薯条的水分流动性和水分含量均呈现降低的趋势,硬度和咀嚼度呈现先下降后上升趋势,抗氧化性和总酚含量呈现上升的趋势;烤马铃薯条色泽逐渐加深。不同的焙烤条件组合对烤马铃薯条主要风味物质种类的影响不显著,但对风味物质含量的影响较为明显。其中160℃烤25 min条件下,马铃薯条硬度为1532.14 g;而DPPH自由基清除率为85.25%,总酚含量为279.18 mg/100 g,相对较高;且香味明显,色泽鲜亮,是比较合适的焙烤条件。该研究可为马铃薯在食用或加工中选择适宜的焙烤条件提供理论参考。     

鱼糜和马铃薯粉对饼干质构和风味的影响

采用质构分析、电子鼻与固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用方法,对制备的鱼糜马铃薯饼干质构和风味进行对比分析。以感官评定和质构为评价指标,以低筋面粉含量为100%,确定鱼糜马铃薯饼干的配方为:马铃薯全粉相对含量30%、马铃薯淀粉相对含量20%、鱼糜相对含量40%、棕榈油相对含量40%。对鱼糜马铃薯饼干、鱼糜饼干、马铃薯全粉饼干和普通饼干的风味进行对比,结果发现4种饼干的风味物质主要为杂环类、烃类和醛类化合物,其中以美拉德反应产物甲基吡嗪和2,5-二甲基吡嗪为主,含有鱼糜的饼干中,醛类化合物的种类和含量明显增加。本研究为饼干的香气特征研究提供科学依据,为马铃薯和鱼糜的开发利用提供一定参考。     

马铃薯全粉对速冻油条品质的影响

通过对油条的色泽、含油含水率、比容、复热失水率、质构以及感官的分析测定,研究了马铃薯全粉对速冻油条品质的影响。结果表明:添加马铃薯全粉能降低速冻油条的含油率,当添加10%马铃薯全粉时,速冻油条的干基含油率比对照组降低12.44%;在色泽上,添加马铃薯全粉后,油条的黄度和红度增加,白度有所降低。质构分析结果表明,添加马铃薯全粉后,速冻油条的硬度显著(p0.05)降低,弹性显著(p0.05)升高,当添加10%马铃薯全粉时,油条的弹性值最高,感官评分也最高。     

含水量对软烤虾制品品质变化的影响

本文通过对不同含水量的软烤虾制品分别进行水分活度、色差、质构等指标测定,并结合感官评定与商业无菌,探究制品含水量对其品质的影响。结果表明,软烤虾制品的含水量与其水分活度线性关系良好。软烤虾含水量增加时,水分活度、L*值和弹性值均上升,而a*值、b*值、硬度、胶粘性、咀嚼性、最大剪切力与粘附性呈现下降趋势,但含水量对样品的内聚性影响不大。同时,软烤虾制品的含水量对其咀嚼性、粘附性、最大剪切力、硬度与胶粘性影响显著(p<0.05)。当样品含水量≤45%时,软烤虾处于商业无菌状态,而≥45%时产品的感官性状最佳。因此,生产中应将软烤虾制品的含水量控制在45%时为宜。      

辐照对烤鳗制品品质影响

采用60Co-γ射线对烤鳗进行处理,研究其感官、质构特性、微观结构和理化指标的变化. 结论：辐照剂量大于5kGy的实验组,感官与质构特性均出现下降;微观结构在实验辐照范围内变化较小;酸价、挥发性盐基氮含量随辐照剂量的增大而增大,表明辐照促进烤鳗贮藏时脂肪氧化;辐照对维生素A影响明显,3kGy时含量下降了372%,维生素E在辐照剂量9kGy时,含量下降106%;各实验组烤鳗中类氨基酸含量变化不大.     

马铃薯全粉添加量对挂面品质的影响

研究马铃薯全粉在小麦粉中添加量对制作挂面的品质影响。分析马铃薯全粉混合粉的理化特性和粉质特征,挂面的蒸煮品质、质构品质和感官评价。随着马铃薯全粉添加量增加,混合粉的粗蛋白和湿面筋降低,粗淀粉增加,粉质质量指数下降。添加量为15%的挂面蒸煮损失最小,吸水率和水分含量最低,而其拉伸强度和最大弯曲力最高,硬度、弹性和咀嚼性均处于中等偏上水平,结合感官评价认为马铃薯全粉添加15%时,挂面品质较好。     

马铃薯全粉对酥性饼干品质风味及消化特性的影响

将马铃薯全粉以0%～50%(质量分数)的比例替代低筋小麦粉,研究马铃薯全粉替代对面团及饼干质构特性、感官特性、色度、挥发性风味物质以及消化特性的影响。结果表明,随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加,面团及饼干的质构特性先降低后升高,饼干色泽不断加深,感官评分先升高后降低。当马铃薯全粉添加量为20%(质量分数)时,面团的硬度、胶着性和回复性降为最低,制得的饼干硬度、脆度、咀嚼性、胶着性和内聚性均最低,口感最酥脆,感官评分最高。采用电子鼻对挥发性风味物质进行比对,发现添加马铃薯全粉20%、30%(质量分数)时饼干风味最为浓郁,芳香成分、有机硫类和烷烃类等风味物质更为突出。同时随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加,混合粉和饼干的快消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch, RDS)含量逐渐增加,慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch, SDS)含量逐渐降低,饼干整体消化速率随马铃薯全粉含量的增加而增大。综上所述,适量添加马铃薯全粉可以有效改善饼干感官品质、质构特性、色泽风味,提高消化速率,添加量为20%(质量分数)时制作的酥性饼干酥松、品质最佳。该研究为马铃薯全粉在饼干...     

马铃薯淀粉物化特性分析及其对马铃薯热干面品质影响

为研究马铃薯淀粉的物化特性,以马铃薯为试验原料并对其中淀粉进行提取,并探讨不同含量马铃薯淀粉对混粉物化特性以及生鲜马铃薯热干面和干制马铃薯热干面品质的影响。结果表明,马铃薯中淀粉含量为73.80%,马铃薯淀粉中直链淀粉含量为28.23%,支链淀粉含量为71.70%;马铃薯淀粉中快消化淀粉(RDS)、慢消化淀粉(SDS)和抗消化淀粉(RS)含量分别为20.29%、15.03%和64.68%。马铃薯淀粉添加量在60%～70%时,混粉的持水性、吸水膨胀性和粘度值较高;马铃薯淀粉含量为70%～80%时,能较好的改善生鲜马铃薯热干面的蒸煮特性和质构特性;马铃薯淀粉含量在70%时,干制马铃薯热干面的复水特性最好;随着马铃薯热干面中马铃薯淀粉含量的增加,干制热干面更易消化。综上所述,马铃薯淀粉的建议添加量为70%。     

Comparison of the volatile components of two cultivars of potato cooked by boiling,conventional baking and microwave baking

Tubers of two cultivars (Estima and Maris Piper) of potato were cooked by three different procedures, ie boiling, conventional baking and microwave baking. Peeled and sliced tubers were boiled, while intact potatoes were baked in their skins. Flavour components from the boiled slices and the flesh of the baked tubers were isolated by headspace adsorption onto Tenax and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). For all cooking procedures, Estima gave stronger isolates than Maris Piper. The two main sources of flavour compounds (regardless of cooking procedure) were lipid degradation and the Maillard reaction and/or sugar degradation. The ratio (yield derived from lipid)/(yield derived from Maillard reaction and/or sugar) decreased from 8.5–9.1 (boiling) to 2.7–3.4 (microwave baking) and to 0.4–1.1 (conventional baking). Quantitative and qualitative differences among the cooking procedures are explained in terms of the variations in heat and mass transfer processes that occurred. Each cooking procedure resulted in a unique profile of flavour compounds. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

酸热处理对马铃薯淀粉理化性质的影响

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,研究不同pH值、水分含量和处理温度对马铃薯淀粉复合改性效果。结果表明,马铃薯淀粉经部分酸解结合湿热处理复合改性后,直链淀粉含量增加,但可溶性直连淀粉含量降低。复合改性后马铃薯淀粉溶胀度和溶解度降低。经部分酸解结合湿热处理改性后马铃薯淀粉的峰值黏度(PKV)、谷值黏度(TV)、终值黏度(FNV)、衰减值(BD)和回生值(SB)都降低。但是复合改性后马铃薯淀粉的凝胶硬度增加,最大的硬度达到了143.42 g,是原淀粉的4.2倍,而黏度、内聚力都降低。复合改性后马铃薯淀粉的To、Tp、Tc和Tc-To都显著升高,但ΔH显著降低。X-衍射测定结果表明马铃薯淀粉结晶为B型,复合改性后马铃薯淀粉在5.9°(2θ)产生的B型特征峰减小,在22~25°(2θ)出现的双峰减小,甚至有变为单峰的趋势。     

Activities of hydrocolloids as inhibitors of acrylamide formation in model systems and fried potato strips

Effects of eight hydrocolloids on acrylamide (AA) formation were compared. At 2% (w/w), pectin, alginic acid (>50% reduction) and xanthan gum (∼20%) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced acrylamide formation in chemical models. In the fried snack model, effective inhibition of acrylamide formation (∼30%) by most of the hydrocolloids was observed only when the concentration was increased to 5%. Immersing potato strips for 1 h in a 1% alginic acid solution before frying produced inhibition of acrylamide formation similar to that in a 5% solution, and immersing for 5 h led to a significantly lower AA content (∼60% versus ∼30% reduction) compared with immersing for 1 h in a 1% or 5% immersion solution. Similar phenomena were also observed for pectin. The findings suggest alginic acid and pectin are promising inhibitors of acrylamide formation, and immersion time is an important determinant for their effects against acrylamide formation in fried potato products.     

Effect of superheated steam prefrying treatment on the quality of potato chips

Superheated steam drying (SSD) was used as a prefrying treatment prior to deep‐fat frying for potato slices. The effect of SSD at 130, 150 or 180 °C and steam velocity of 2.0 m s^?1 on the fat uptake, colour and texture of fried potato chips was evaluated; microstructure and degree of starch gelatinization were also evaluated to help explain the fat uptake results. SSD and frying yielded potato chips with the fat content from 0.263 ± 0.002 to 0.304 ± 0.002 kg kg^?1 (d.b.), while frying without SSD led to chips with the fat content as high as 0.359 ± 0.003 kg kg^?1 (d.b.). SSD did not promote starch gelatinization. Lower fat uptake was correlated to modified surface structure and lower moisture content of potato slices prior to frying. Frying with/without SSD pretreatment yielded potato chips of similar hardness, crispness and lightness. On the other hand, SSD significantly increased redness and yellowness of the fried chips.     

Some effects of modified-atmosphere packaging and vacuum packaging in combination with antioxidants on quality and storage life of chilled potato strips

A modified-atmosphere packaging system for chilled fresh potato strips, which rapidly produced oxygen levels < 3%, was identified. This system enclosed the strips within 25 μ low density polyethylene film heat sealed to a fibre tray lined with Surlyn-PVdC-Surlyn, and the package flushed with an initial atmosphere of 5% O₂, 10% CO₂. An equilibrium-modified atmosphere of 3–4% CO₂, 1–2% O₂ was established after 3 days' storage at 5°C. This modified-atmosphere package, used in combination with dipping of potato strips in a 10% ascorbic acid solution, inhibited enzymatic discoloration for 1 week at 5°C. Vacuum packaging within a Surlyn/PVdC-coated polyester film, with or without dipping in ascorbic acid solution, inhibited discoloration of chilled potato strips stored at 5°C for at least 2 weeks.     

Effect of processing and packaging conditions on quality of refrigerated potato strips

Abstract: Although sulfiting agents are commonly used in the fresh‐cut potato industry, concerns about further regulatory restrictions on sulfite use and consumer fear of sulfite‐treated foods have lead to increased research in alternative processing methods. The objective of this study was to determine processing and packaging techniques to achieve a safe and high‐quality potato strips with a 4 wk minimum refrigerated shelf life. Potato strips were 1st blanched at low temperature (60 °C) in 0.5% CaCl₂ solution for 20 min and then 2nd blanched at high temperature (approximately 98 °C) in water for 5 min. Blanched strips were packaged in a near‐aseptic environment or treated in‐package with gaseous ozone, sodium metabisulfite (SM) solution, or FIT Fruit and Vegetable Wash? (Procter and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.) and then stored at 7 ± 1 °C for 28 d. No significant difference was observed in lightness of near‐aseptically packaged fries, FIT‐treated fries, and frozen fries; however, less color difference was determined in near‐aseptically packaged fries and FIT‐treated fries compared to frozen fries. Gaseous ozone treatment decreased color quality of potato strips, significantly. The highest after‐frying peak force was observed in FIT‐treated strips. There was no significant difference in oil absorption of refrigerated and unprocessed strips. These results indicate that either near‐aseptic packaging or in‐package FIT treatment are the better alternatives for blanched potato strips to extend shelf life and maintain quality. Practical Application: In this study, several processing conditions and packaging methods were evaluated to improve quality and extend shelf life of refrigerated potato strips. Results indicate that the combination of 2‐step blanching and near‐aseptic packaging was an effective nonchemical processing method, giving 28 d refrigerated shelf life. Similarly, FIT Fruit and Vegetable Wash? proved to be an effective chemical alternative to sulfites and avoids the allergen concern.     

谷朊粉对马铃薯热干面品质的影响

为提高马铃薯热干面的品质和稳定性,该文在分析谷朊粉基本成分与物化特性的基础上,深入研究了谷朊粉添加量对混合粉特性及对生鲜及熟制马铃薯热干面蒸煮、质构、贮藏等品质特性的影响.结果表明,随着混合粉中谷朊粉含量升高,其持水性下降,吸水膨胀性上升.随着谷朊粉添加量的增加,马铃薯热干面吸水性呈下降趋势、蒸煮损失率呈先上升后下降变...     

冻融处理对变温压差膨化干燥甘薯粉特性的影响

为探究冻融处理对变温压差膨化干燥甘薯粉品质特性的影响,比较了冻融次数对甘薯粉的持水性、持油性、色泽、黏度、透光度、胶凝特性和冻融稳定性等品质特性的影响。结果表明:冻融处理对甘薯粉的持水性、持油性、黏度和冻融稳定性有较大影响;随着冻融次数增加,冻融稳定性越好,持水和持油性增加,黏度降低,冻融甘薯粉糊为假塑性流体;甘薯粉的冻融稳定性与凝胶特性呈显著正相关(P0.05),与冻融次数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数分别为0.645、0.770;冻融处理次数不同,所制得甘薯粉品质不同,具有不同的用途。     

超高压处理对大菱鲆品质的影响

通过对超高压处理后的大菱鲆质构、色差、pH和挥发性气味变化的测定,研究不同压力处理对大菱鲆不同部位品质的影响。结果表明,高压处理对大菱鲆背腹部的品质影响是比较一致的。随着压力升高,大菱鲆质构特性表现为凝聚性呈上升趋势,胶黏性持续上升,黏附性不断下降,硬度先下降后上升;色差L*值上升,a*值下降;pH随压力增大不断增大;超高压处理后挥发性气味与未处理组有明显差异,100和200MPa、300和400MPa处理后大菱鲆挥发性气味具有相似性结论。      

马铃薯全粉对面粉糊化特性及馒头品质的影响

将马铃薯全粉按不同比例添加到面粉中制作馒头,研究了马铃薯全粉的添加量对面粉糊化特性及馒头品质的影响。结果表明,马铃薯全粉的添加量在0～35%范围内对面粉的糊化温度影响不显著,但添加量＞20%时面团的抗老化能力提升;峰值黏度、衰减值、回生值随着全粉添加量的增加逐步降低;谷值黏度在20%～35%和0～15%范围内分别呈下降趋势;当马铃薯全粉添加量为10%时,所制备的馒头品质最佳。