脱色吸附剂对大豆脱色油返酸返色的影响

为对油脂精炼脱色加工提供参考,以活性白土、凹凸棒土以及二者复配作为脱色剂对大豆中和油进行脱色,测定脱色油的酸值、色泽,并通过返酸返色试验探究脱色吸附剂对大豆脱色油返酸返色的影响。结果表明：脱色油酸值与活性白土添加量和复配脱色剂中活性白土质量分数呈正相关,与凹凸棒土添加量呈负相关;脱色剂添加量越多,脱色效果越明显,但在活性白土或凹凸棒土添加量超过3%时,脱色效果增加较少;随活性白土或凹凸棒土添加量的增多,脱色油返酸总体呈先降后升趋势;脱色油会有不同程度的返色,与活性白土相比,凹凸棒土脱色返色程度更高。综上,在脱色过程中,通过调整脱色剂添加量和配比可在一定程度上控制成品油的返酸返色程度。     

3种脱色剂应用于大豆油脱色的效果

旨在为大豆油精炼中脱色剂的应用提供参考,以大豆碱炼油和3种常用脱色剂活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土为原料,考察了3种脱色剂对大豆油的脱色、脱皂和脱磷脂能力。结果表明：活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土添加量超过2%后,脱色率上升速率变慢;脱色剂添加量为3%时,活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土脱色率分别为92.1%、86.9%、90.7%;大豆碱炼油在426、450、479、665 nm波长处有吸收峰,可通过油样在上述4个波长处吸光度的变化来考察脱色剂的脱色能力;脱色剂添加量为1%时,活性白土、凹凸棒土、中性膨润土对叶绿素的脱除率分别为87.1%、677%、54.8%,脱皂率分别为84.5%、83.8%、78.9%,脱磷脂率分别为82.6%、83.5%、90.8%,脱色剂添加量为3%时,3种脱色剂的脱皂率和脱磷脂率均为100%。综上,活性白土的脱色效果最佳,可以通过减少碱炼油中的皂含量和磷脂含量来提升脱色剂对色素的吸附作用。     

菜籽油废白土预脱色—凹凸棒土复脱色的工艺研究

研究凹凸棒土对油脂脱色的效果及对油脂品质的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交优化试验法优化工艺条件,结果表明:影响凹凸棒土脱色效果的3个主要因素的主次关系为脱色时间活性炭添加量脱色剂用量;最佳工艺条件为预脱色15 min、复脱色15 min、废白土1.0%、凹凸棒土2.0%、活性炭0.1%时,综合脱色率为95.97%。     

响应面法优化山桐子油脱色工艺

对山桐子原油进行脱胶、脱酸、脱色精炼处理。考察了脱色剂种类对脱色率的影响,并以脱色率为考察指标,活性白土（优选的脱色剂）添加量、脱色温度、脱色时间为考察因素,在单因素实验的基础上结合响应面法优化山桐子油的脱色工艺。对精炼前后山桐子油的理化指标和脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明：最佳脱色条件为活性白土添加量17%、脱色温度94?℃、脱色时间94 min,在此条件下山桐子油的脱色率为（91.07±0.43）%;精炼后,山桐子油的品质得到显著提升,脂肪酸组成及含量基本不变,亚油酸含量高达73.46%。     

含硅镁型混合脱色剂在鳀鱼油脱色及助滤中的作用

目的:提高脱色剂和鱼油的分离效率，并同时保证高脱色率。方法:利用分光光度计测出鱼油的最佳吸收波长；使用硅酸镁、活性白土两种脱色剂进行复配，以脱色率、过滤速度为评价指标；通过单因素试验和响应面试验设计，分别对混合脱色剂的用量、脱色时间和温度进行试验，优化鳀鱼油脱色的工艺参数；通过板框过滤放大实验验证脱色剂的脱色及助滤效果；采用气相色谱法测定粗鱼油、脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油4种鱼油的脂肪酸组成和含量。结果:鳀鱼油的最佳吸收波长为671 nm;混合脱色剂复配比例(m_活性白土∶m_硅酸镁)为4∶1,过滤速度为(26.65±0.64) mL/min;响应面优化结果：混合脱色剂用量为5.00 g/100 g油脂、脱色时间57.00 min、温度72.00℃,脱色率为(95.74±1.35)%,理论脱色率为95.50%;吸油率为(1.15±0.10)%,鱼油回收率为(91.72±1.60)%;板框过滤试验中混和脱色剂的脱色效果与对照组无显著性差异，但拥有更快的过滤速率；粗鱼油、脱胶油、脱酸油、脱色油的饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸绝对含量均无显著性差异，但脱色油中...     

几种脱色剂对菜籽油脱色效果的研究

以菜籽油的色泽红值和叶绿素含量为考察指标,比较了凹凸棒土、活性白土、活性炭和双氧水4种脱色剂对菜籽油在中低温(40~80℃)下的脱色效果,同时考察了凹凸棒土与活性炭、活性白土与活性炭组成的复合吸附脱色剂对菜籽油的脱色效果。结果表明:活性炭在较低添加量条件下可以获得与凹凸棒土和活性白土较高添加量相当的脱色效果;活性白土-活性炭复合脱色效果优于凹凸棒土-活性炭,在添加量为2%时,80℃下可使菜籽油的叶绿素含量降低32. 5%、70℃下使菜籽油色泽红值降低30. 6%;双氧水对于去除菜籽油叶绿素和降低色泽红值效果明显,70℃下,0. 4%双氧水(10%)使菜籽油叶绿素含量降低9. 0%、0. 6%双氧水(10%)使菜籽油色泽红值降低25. 0%。活性白土-活性炭脱色和双氧水脱色后的菜籽油品质指标均达到国标四级菜籽油水平;就单位质量浓度脱色剂的脱色效果来说,双氧水的脱色效率更高。     

青藏高原狭果茶藨子籽油成分分析及原油三脱工艺优化

以青海地区狭果茶藨子籽油为研究对象,对其不皂化物及脂肪酸组成进行分析,同时借助单因素及响应面试验对籽油水化脱胶、吸附脱色、吸附脱酸工艺进行优化,并对籽油精炼前后理化指标进行对比,以明确青海地区狭果茶藨子籽油成分及较优的精炼工艺,扩大青海地区狭果茶藨子籽油的开发应用。结果表明,狭果茶藨子籽油中含有植醇、谷甾醇、新植二烯等不皂化物,其中植醇占8.78%;共检测出脂肪酸8种,其中不饱和脂肪酸占88.89%,油酸和亚油酸含量相对较高,分别为37.09%和50.80%。响应面试验结果表明:最佳脱胶工艺条件为水化时间:16 min,磷酸添加量:0.3%,加水量:3.0%,脱胶温度:50 ℃;最佳脱色工艺条件为脱色时间:20 min,脱色剂添加量:7.0%,脱色温度:51 ℃;最佳脱酸工艺条件为脱酸时间:87 min,微晶纤维素添加量:2.0%,脱酸温度:40 ℃;此条件下狭果茶藨子籽油脱胶率、脱色率、脱酸率分别为80.48%、66.48%、71.30%。精炼后,狭果茶藨子籽油的酸价和光密度下降较大,碘值和皂化值也有轻微下降,过氧化值轻微上升,精炼前后所有指标测定值均在国标范围内浮动,说明此精炼工艺对油脂营养价值产生一定影响,但能提升狭果茶藨子籽油的感官品质,有利于油脂贮藏,可用于狭果茶藨子籽油的精制。     

5 种脱色剂对粗鱼油挥发性风味物质及脂肪酸组成的影响

为探究凹凸棒土、硅藻土、活性炭、沸石及活性白土5?种脱色剂对粗鱼油挥发性风味物质及脂肪酸组成的影响,采用气相色谱仪和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪,对脱色鱼油的挥发性风味物质及脂肪酸的相对含量进行测定分析,并结合感觉阈值确定该鱼油主体风味成分。结果表明,赋予鱼油腥味、脂肪香味、蜡香等主要风味的壬醛、己醛、2-壬酮,其相对含量经脱色后有明显降低,风味改善效果显著。脱色后,鱼油的饱和脂肪酸相对含量呈下降趋势,而不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量则有增加趋势;酸价与过氧化值变化差异较大,而碘值及皂化值则无明显变化。凹凸棒土和活性白土脱色效果最佳,但脱腥效果较硅藻土、活性炭和沸石差。本研究结果对改善鱼油脱色工艺及脱色剂选择和不良风味等方面有一定理论指导意义。     

油茶籽化妆品基础油复合脱色工艺的研究

研究了不同脱色剂对油茶籽化妆品基础油的脱色效果,确定了最佳的复合脱色剂配比为7. 5%膨润土+2. 5%凹凸棒土+0. 5%活性炭(占油质量)。通过对油茶籽油脱色温度、脱色时间、复合脱色剂用量的单因素实验及验证实验,得出油茶籽化妆品基础油的最佳脱色工艺条件为复合脱色剂用量7%～8%、脱色时间30～40 min、脱色温度100～110℃,此条件下脱色油色泽小于R0. 1/Y2. 5,微量营养成分多酚、V_E、角鲨烯、谷甾醇含量分别为27、263、64、276 mg/kg左右,得率约92. 5%,酸价、过氧化值、磷含量变化较小。     

凹凸棒在单色光条件下对大豆油脱色特性的研究

以VIS-450光与凹凸棒土协同作用对大豆油进行脱色,以脱色率及过氧化值为考察指标,通过设定不同温度、光强度、时间、搅拌速度、凹凸棒土添加量对待脱色大豆毛油进行进行单因素试验,筛选最优单因素,并采用响应面的方法进行分析,确定最佳的待脱色大豆毛油的脱色条件为:电流强度17 A,温度80℃,时间30 min,搅拌速度80 r/min,凹凸棒添加量2.5%,得到大豆油的脱色率为95.21%。且对脱色后的油脂进行105℃加热试验,油脂油色稳定,不易返色。结果表明凹凸棒土在单色光条件下对待脱色大豆毛油的脱色效果显著。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press